届高三英语 阅读专题 语义理解题教案.docx
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届高三英语 阅读专题 语义理解题教案.docx
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届高三英语阅读专题语义理解题教案
湖南省长沙县实验中学2013届高三英语阅读专题:
语义理解题教案
这类考题包括对生词生义的推测、熟词生义的推测。
提问的方式主要有:
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“...”inthefirstparagraphmean?
2.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword?
3.Theunderlinedword“...”mostprobablymeans________.
4.Theunderlinedword“...”couldbestbereplacedby________.
5.Accordingtothepassage,theunderlinedword“...”istheclosestinmeaningto“________”.
解题技巧:
1.构词法猜词(阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。
掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。
如:
unforeseeable.这个词,可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able;其中see是词根,fore是“先,前,预”的含义,un是否定,able是“能……的,可……的”,因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
)
例题1:
(2008年全国高考—重庆卷D篇)
…
Thereasonsforavisittoalighthousearenotallsobackward-lookingintime.Itistruethatlighthouseswerebuiltinout-of-the-wayplaces.Butonapleasantsunnysummerday,thisveryisolationhasanaturalbeautythatmanypeoplewilllovetoexperience.…
68.Theunderlinedphrase“out-of-the-way”inParagraph4means____________.
A.far-awayB.dangerousC.ancientD.secret
例题2:
(2004年全国高考—重庆卷D篇)
…
Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”
70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans.
A.valueB.resultC.performanceD.connection
2.利用同义近义词猜词(在生词所出现的上下文中,有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构,这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。
统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or,这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分,并且and或or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的,由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域,甚至推出它的大致词义。
)
例题1:
Animalshavedifferentlivinghabits.Someliketolookforfoodatdaytimeandsleepatnight,butsomeliketosleepatdaytimeandprowlatnight.
“Prowl”referto
例题2:
(2003全国卷C篇)
…Fermat’sLastTheorem(定理),firstputforwardbytheFrenchmathematicianPierredeFermatintheseventeenthcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistswhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.…
65.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?
A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.
C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.
3.利用反义词猜词(对比是描述,说明事物的常用方式。
在对比中,对比的事物是互为相反的,因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。
利用反义词来说明生词的意义,如反义词hotandcold,perfectandimperfect,甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等,在句内词与词之间,在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
)
例题1:
Unlikehergregarioussister,Janeisshy,unsociablepersonwhodoesnotliketogotopartiesortomakenewfriends.
“gregarious”means。
例题2:
Inmanynationstherearetwofinancialextremes(极端),frompenurytogreatwealth.
“penury”means
例题3:
(2002全国高考卷E篇)
Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.
…
74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?
A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.
C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.D.Ademandmadebyguests.
4.利用上下文语境猜词(任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的,都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义,是阅读过程中的一大关键,这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
)
例题1:
(2008年全国高考—湖南卷B篇)
…Charlotte’stalewasinspiredbythegirls’coincollection."We’vecollectedforeigncoinsforyears–sinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife."sheexplains."ThatwasbeforetheEuro,soweputpesetasin.…
60.Theunderlinedword"pesetas"inParagraph2isakindof_____.
A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin
例题2:
(2008年全国高考—江西卷D篇)
…Theplantsareaboutonemeterapart.Theplantisoftenprunedsothatitremainsonly60to90centimetershigh.Pruningisimportantbecauseitencouragesthegrowthoftendershoots,oryoungleaves.Itisfromtheseshootsthatthebestteaisgot.
68.Inthefirstparagraph,theword“pruning”means.
A.regularcuttingoftheplantsB.frequentwatering
C.regularuseofchemicalsD.growingtheplantshighinthemountain
例题3:
(2008年全国高考—上海卷B篇)
…
“But,”saidKim,“Ifeelthatsinceyouaremysuperior,itwouldbepresumptuousofmetotellyouwhattodo.”
…
70.Theword“presumptuous”inthemiddleofthepassageisclosestinmeaningto“_____”.
A.fullofrespectB.tooconfidentandrude
C.lackinginexperienceD.tooshyandquiet
例题4:
(2008年全国高考—山东卷A篇)
…
“Nocrimewhatsoever?
”commentsMahoneytoday.“Ijustdon’tbuyit.”Norshouldhe:
in1999theU.S.Departmentofeducationhadreportsofnearly
58.Theunderlinedword“buy”inthethirdparagraphmeans_______
A.mindB.admitC.believeD.expect
5.利用定义和解释猜词(有些文章,特别是科技文章,通常会对一些关键词给予定义,我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间,对生词以定语(从句)、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
)
例题1:
Wrestlingisthegamewhichisplayedbytwostrongpeople;oneplayertriedtogettheotherdownonthefloor.
“wrestling”means
例题2:
Scientistsgrowlargequantitiesofcommonmouldsothattheycangetpenicillinfromitinordertomakeantibiotics,thatis,substancesthatkillgerms.
“antibiotic”means
例题3:
(2002年全国高考卷B篇)
“Organicproduceisalwaysbetter,”Goldsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides(农药),andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocally(本地)grownandseasonal,soitismoretasty.”Goldisoneofagrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend,andsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.
62.Whatisthemeaningof“theorganictrend”asthewordsareusedinthetext?
A.Growinginterestinorganicfood.B.Betterqualityoforganicfood.
C.Risingmarketfororganicfood.D.Higherpricesoforganicfood.
6.利用例证,复述或同等关系猜词(为了说明或证实,文章中经常会举例,往往用来列举说明前面较难理解的词,这些例子可帮助我们猜测生词。
举例时,常常会用一些连接性的词,如:
suchas,like,forexample,forinstance等。
为了强调某个观点或把某事叙述得更明白,作者有时运用不同语句来复述同一概念,这时可以利用这些重复和表达形式的变化来猜测词义。
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细,但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。
复述部分可以适当词、短语或是从句。
同等关系是指一个词、一个词组或短语在句中作同一成分,而且他们的词义属于同一范畴。
只要我们认出其中一个或几个词或短语,即可以确定同等关系中生词的词性,作用和大概的意思。
)
例题1:
IhavefoundLucyisquitegenerous,forexample,whenevershemeetsabeggar,shegivessomecoinstohim.
“Generous”means
例题2:
Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:
TheWorldOfEnglish,ForeignLanguageTeachingInSchool,orEnglishLearning.
“periodicals”refersto
例题3:
(2008年全国高考—江苏卷E篇)
WilliamShakespearesaid,“Thewebofourlifeisofamingledyarn(纱线),goodandilltogether.’’
74.Theunderlinedword"mingled"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.
A.simpleB.mixedC.sadD.happy
例题4:
Semantics,thestudyofthemeaningofwords,isnecessaryifyouaretospeakandreadintelligently.
“semantics”means。
7.根据语义转折猜词(有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果,会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词,副词或短语。
如:
though,although,still,but,yet,instead,insteadof,however,while,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,unlike,ratherthan,foronething,foranother等,我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
)
例题1(2008年全国高考—广东卷B篇)
…UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown.Theymustbecarefullycultivated.
Differentfrompopularbelief,mostgoodleadersaremade,notborn.Theylearntheirskillsintheireverydaylives.Butwhichdotheydevelop?
Howdothey(andhowcanyou)getotherstofollow?
…
60.Theunderlinedword"cultivated"(paragraph1)roughlymeans_______.
A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developed
例题2:
(2008年全国高考—北京卷D篇)
…
Howeverobviousthesefactsmayappearatfirstglance,theyareactuallynotsoobviousastheyseemexceptwhenwetakespecialpainstothinkaboutthesubject.
…
71.InParagraph3,“takespecialpains”probablymeans“_____”.
A.tryveryhardB.takeourtime
C.areveryunhappyD.feelespeciallypainful
8.利用经验和常识猜词
例题1:
YoungHooverdied.Overathousandpeopleattendedhisfuneral.
“funeral”means.
例题2:
Allthehousesinthecitycollapsedduringthestrongearthquake.
“collapsed”means。
例题3:
(2004年全国高考—北京卷C篇)
…
“Iwasonthewaytoapersonal-injuryaccidentinWestNashville.AsIgotontoHighway40,bluelightsandsirens(警笛)going,IfellinbehindagoldPontiacFirebirdthatsuddenlyseemedtotakeoffquicklydownthehighway.Thedriversomehowpanickedatthesightofme.Hewasgoingmorethanahundredmilesanhourandbeganpassingcarsontheshoulder.”
63.Themeaningof“panicked”inParagraph2isrelatedto___________.
A.shameB.hateC.angerD.fear
课后巩固练习
(2010年·浙江卷)
Ilookedacrossattheothers:
shelvesofsimilarcamerasplacedalongthewall,offeringawiderangeofslightlydifferentpricesanddiscounts,witheachcompanysellingarangeofmodelsbasedaroundthesamebasicbox.Withsomanymodelstochoosefrom,itseemedthatIwouldhavetospendhoursweighingXagainstY,alwaystryingtotakeZandpossiblyHintoaccountatthesametime.ButwhenIhadfinished,IwouldstillhaveonlythesametwocertaintiesthatIhadenteredthestorewith:
first,soonafterIcarriedmynewcameraoutoftheshop,itwouldbeworthhalfwhatIpaidforit;andsecond,mywonderfulcamerawouldveryquicklybereplacedbyanewmodel.
58.Whatdoesthewritermeanby“itwouldbeworthhalfwhatIpaidforit”(paragraph2)?
A.Heshouldgeta50%discount.
B.Thepriceofthecamerawasunreasonablyhigh.
C.Thequalityofthecamerawasnotgood.
D.Thecamerawouldsoonfallinvalue.
(2010年·湖北卷)
Bothsideswantpeace,butneitherfeelsithasanypowertostoptheconflict.Inpart,thisisbecauseneitheriswillingtoadmitanyresponsibilityforstartingit.Fromtheparents’pointofview,theonlycauseoftheirfightistheiradolescents’completeunreasonableness.Andofcourse,theteensseeitinexactlythesameway,exceptoppositely.Bothfeeltrapped.
56.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph
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