高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解I.docx
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高考英语二轮复习 科普知识阅读理解I.docx
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高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解I
2021年高考英语二轮复习科普知识阅读理解
(2)(I)
科普知识(阅读理解)由(xx山东,C)改编
Youcan’talwayspredictaheavyrainorrememberyourumbrella.ButdesignerMikhailBelyaevdoesn’tthinkthatforgettingtochecktheweatherforecastbeforeheadingoutshouldresultinyougettingwet.That’swhyhecreatedLampbrella,alamppostwithitsownrain—sensingumbrella.
ThedesignersayshecameupwiththeideaafterwatchingpeoplegetwetonstreetsinRussia.“Once,IwasdrivingonacentralSaintPetersburgstreetandsawthestreetlampslightinguppeopletryingtohidefromtherain.Ithoughtitwouldbeappropriatetohaveacanopy(伞篷)builtintoastreetlamp.”hesaid.
TheLampbrellaisastandard-lookingstreetlampfittedwithanumbrellacanopy.Ithasabuilt-inelectricmotorwhichcanopenorclosetheumbrellaondemand.Sensors(传感器)thenensurethattheumbrellaofferspedestriansshelterwheneveritstartsraining.
Inadditiontotherainsensor,there’salsoa360°motionsensoronthefiberglassstreetlampwhichdetectswhetheranyoneisusingtheLampbrella.Afterthreeminutesofnotbeingusedthecanopyisclosed.
Accordingtothedesigner,theLampbrellawouldmoveatarelativelylowspeed,soasnottocauseharmtothepedestrians.Besides,itwouldbegroundedtoprotectfrompossiblelightningstrike.EachLampbrellawouldofferenoughshelterforseveralpeople.Beinginstalled(安装)at2metresofftheground,itwouldonlybeadangerforthetallestofpedestrians.
WhiletherearenoplanstotaketheLampbrellaintoproduction,BelyaevsaysherecentlyintroducedhiscreationtooneMoscowDepartment,andinsistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalkbuttherearenocanopiestoprovideshelter.
1.ForwhatpurposedidBelyaevcreatetheLampbrella?
( )
A.Topredictaheavyrain.
B.Tochecktheweatherforecast.
C.Toprotectpeoplefromtherain.
D.Toremindpeopletotakeanumbrella.
2.WhatdoweknowfromBelyaev’swordsinParagraph2?
( )
A.Hiscreationwasinspiredbyanexperience.
B.ItrainsalotinthecityofSaintPetersburg.
C.Streetlampsareprotectedbycanopies.
D.Heenjoyedtakingwalksintherain.
3.WhichofthefollowingshowshowtheLampbrellaworks?
( )
A.motor→canopy→sensors
B.sensors→motor→canopy
C.motor→sensors→canopy
D.canopy→motor→sensors
4.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytellusabouttheLampbrella?
( )
A.Itsmovingspeed.B.Itsappearance.
C.Itsinstallation.D.Itssafety.
5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?
( )
A.Thedesignerwillopenapanytopromotehisproduct.
B.TheLampbrellacouldbeputintoimmediateproduction.
C.Thedesignerisconfidentthathiscreationispractical.
D.TheLampbrellawouldbeputonshowinMoscow.
语篇解读:
一次雨天的所见所闻激发了Belyaev的灵感,他发明了一种用传感器控制的灯伞,使行人免遭雨淋。
答案及剖析:
1.C 细节理解题。
根据第一段的最后两句可知,他发明这种灯伞的目的是让行人免遭雨淋。
2.A 推理判断题。
根据第二段的内容可知,Belyaev讲述了他发明灯伞的过程,是在圣彼得堡的一次下雨时的见闻激发了他的灵感,故A项正确。
3.B 细节理解题。
根据文章的第三段内容可知,传感器可以感知雨水的降落,然后灯伞里的电动马达就会根据需要把伞打开或者关闭,由此可知,其顺序为:
传感器——马达——伞篷。
4.D 推理判断题。
第五段中提到几个关键词语:
低速行驶;不会对行人造成伤害,使行人免遭雷击;离地面两米。
这些都是安全方面的问题,故D项正确。
5.C 推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“Belyaevsays...insistshiscreationcouldbeinstalledonanystreetwherealotofpeoplewalk...”可知,他认为自己的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人的街道上,这表明他对他的发明的实用性充满信心。
【疑难词汇解读】
1.sheltern.庇护,遮蔽;庇护所;避难处
Anoldhutgaveshelterfromthestorm.
一间旧茅舍成了躲避风雨的地方。
2.installvt.安装,设置(装备)
They’veinstalledthenewputernetworkatlast.
他们终于安装了新计算机网络。
【长难句子分析】
and
虽然没有把灯伞投入生产的计划,但Belyaev说他最近把他的发明介绍给了一个莫斯科的部门,并坚持说他的发明可以被安装在任何有许多行人但是没有伞篷可以避雨的街上。
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
(xx·江西八校联考)
TheforcesthatmakeJapanoneoftheworld’smostearthquakeprone(有地震倾向的)countriescouldbeepartofitslongtermenergysolution.
WaterfromdeepbelowthegroundatJapan’stensofthousandsofhotspringscouldbeusedtoproduceelectricity.
AlthoughJapanesehightechpaniesareleadersingeothermal(地热的)technologyandexportit,itsuseislimitedinthenation.
“Japanshouldnodoubtmakeuseofitsresourcesofgeothermalenergy,”saidYoshiyasuTakefuji,aleadingresearcherofthermalelectricpowerproduction.
ThedisastrousearthquakeandtsunamionMarch11,xxcausedareactionagainstatomicpower,whichpreviouslymadeup30percentofJapan’senergyneeds,andincreasedinterestinalternativeenergies,whichaccountedforonly8percent.
ArtistYokoOnohascalledonJapantoexploreitsnaturalenergy,followingtheexampleofIcelandwhichusesrenewableenergyformorethan80percentofitsneeds.
Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan,whichhasfordecadesreliedheavilyonfossilfuelsandatomicpower.
Thebiggestproblemtogeothermalenergyisthehighinitialcostoftheexplorationandconstructingthefactories.AnotherproblemisthatJapan’spotentiallybestsitesarealreadybeingdevelopedfortourismorarelocatedwithinnationalparkswhereconstructionisforbidden.
“Wecan’tevendig10cminsidenationalparks.”saidShigetoYamadaofFujiElectric,addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow.
ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,“Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecadeslongproject.Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm.”
TheEarthPolicyInstituteinWashington,US,believedJapancouldproduce80000megawatts(兆瓦)andmeetmorethanhalfitselectricityneedswithgeothermaltechnology.
JapanesegiantssuchasToshibaarealreadygloballeadersingeothermaltechnology,witha70percentmarketshare.Inxx,FujiElectricbuilttheworld’slargestgeothermalfactoryinNewZealand.
1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.AlternativeenergiesinJapan
B.World’slargestgeothermalplant
C.Japantakestheleadingeothermaltechnology
D.Japanthinksofgeothermalenergy
2.WhatpercentageofJapan’senergyneedsisgeothermalenergy?
A.About8%. B.Below1%.
C.Around30%. D.Over80%.
3.AccordingtoShigetoYamada,thegrowthofgeothermalpowerinJapanneeds________.
A.achangeofrules B.financialsupport
C.localpeople’shelp D.hightechnology
4.Geothermalenergyisconsideredasalongtermprogramby________.
A.YoshiyasuTakefuji B.HideakiMatsui
C.ShigetoYamada D.YokoOno
5.Itcanbelearnedfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________.
A.theworld’sbiggestgeothermalplantwasbuiltbyAmerica
B.Japanwillnotexportitsgeothermaltechnology
C.thepotentialofJapan’sgeothermalenergyisgreat
D.itishardtofindgeothermalenergyinJapan
语篇解读 本文为一篇科普说明文。
让日本经常地震的一些自然力有可能会被转化成日本长期可持续利用的清洁能源,即:
地热。
本文对其进行了详细介绍。
1.解析:
标题概括题。
根据文章第三段的导入和倒数第三段最后一句“Wealsohavetothinkaboutwhattodofornowasenergysupplieswilldeclineintheshortterm”,以及对全文的整体理解可知,本文主要讲的“日本正在考虑如何使用地热”的问题,所以D项最适合做文章的标题。
答案:
D
2.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章第七段“Fornow,geothermalenergymakesuplessthan1percentoftheenergyneedsinJapan...”可知,答案B符合文意。
答案:
B
3.解析:
推理判断题。
根据文章倒数第四段中的“addingthatregulationsprotectingnaturewouldneedtoberelaxedforgeothermalenergytogrow”可推知,答案A符合文意。
答案:
A
4.解析:
细节理解题。
根据文章倒数第三段“ResearcherHideakiMatsuisaid,Producingelectricityusinghotspringsisadecadeslongproject...”可知,答案B符合文意。
答案:
B
5.解析:
推理判断题。
根据对文章最后两段的整体理解可知,日本的地热能源潜力巨大。
答案:
C
阅读理解。
阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
(xx·泰安复习质量检测)
UniversityofMarylandstudentBenSimonandhisfriendscouldn’tstandtoseegoodfoodthrownoutontheircampus.“Webasicallynoticedthatsomeoftheextrafoodfromthedininghallwasgoingtowasteattheendoftheday.Andwemetwiththediningservicesandaskedthemwhetheritwouldbeokayifinsteadofthrowingoutthefoodwewoulddonateit.Andtheywereonboard,”hesaid.
So18monthsago,thestudentsbeganwhattheycalltheFoodRecoveryNetwork.Eachnight,volunteerswouldshowupatacampusdininghalltopickupleftoversanddeliverthemtoareasheltersandfoodbanks.Sofar,theyhavedonatedmorethan23000kilosoffoodthatwouldotherwisehavebeenthrownout.
Nationwide,$165billionworthoffoodiswastedeachyear,accordingtotheNationalResourcesDefenseCouncil.SpokesmanBobKeefesaysthatisabout40%ofthecountry’sentirefoodproduction.“Ifwecanreduceourwasteinthiscountryby15%,wecanfeed25millionhungryAmericans.Thatisahugebenefit.ThatiswhatprogramslikethisFoodRecoveryNetworkaredoing,”hesaid.
ChristianLifeCenterisoneofthebeneficiaries(受益者)ofthestudents’efforts.BenSlye,theseniorpastor(牧师),said,“Ithasbeenjustamazingtoseethesestudentstaketheirowntime,theirownvehiclesandowngasmoneyandbeabletomakeaneffortlikethis.Eachweekweareablewiththisfoodprobablytofeedoverhundredpeople.”
TheUniversityofMaryland’sFoodRecoveryNetworknowhas200volunteersandtheprogramhasexpandedto18schoolsacrossthecountry.“Iwanttogrow18chapterstoathousandchapterswithinfiveyears.AndoncewegettotheFoodRecoveryNationbeingateverycollegecampusinAmerica,wewanttoexpandtorestaurantsandfarms.”saidSimon.
Thevolunteersaremittedtomakingthathappen.
1.ThediningservicesinUniversityofMaryland________.
A.threwoutgoodfoodonthecampus
B.supportedthevolunteers’job
C.enjoyedthetalkwiththestudents
D.donatedtheirleftoverstothepoor
2.VolunteersfromtheFoodRecoveryNetwork________.
A.startedtheFoodRecoveryNetworktwoyearsago
B.deliveredleftoversaswellasmoneytoshelters
C.helpedtosolvethehungerissuesinAmerica
D.donatedleftoverstoavoidfoodwaste
3.BenSlye’sattitudetowardthevolunteers’effortwasthatof________.
A.unconcern B.doubt
C.appreciation D.opposition
4.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________.
A.over40%ofthecountry’sentirefoodiswastedeachyear
B.altogether25millionAmeric
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