山东大学A level unit 5答案.docx
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山东大学A level unit 5答案.docx
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山东大学Alevelunit5答案
1.SectionA:
Givethesynonymofthefollowingwords.Youcanfindtheanswersinthesuggestedparagraphsinthebrackets.
ABritishanthropologistandprimatologist,JaneGoodallistheworld'sleadingauthorityonchimpanzees.GoodallisfamousforherworkamongthechimpanzeesofGombeandforhereffortstoraiseawarenessabouttheplightofbothwildandcaptivechimpanzees.SheisthefounderoftheJaneGoodallInstituteaswellastheRoots&Shootseducationandactivismprogramforyoungpeople.SheistheauthorofnumerousbooksincludingMyLifewiththeChimpanzees,IntheShadowofMan,andReasonforHope.GoodallisaformerprotégéoffamedpaleontologistLouisLeakey.
ValerieJaneMorris-Goodallwasborn3April1934inLondon,England.Asatoddlershereceivedatoychimpanzee;althoughfamilyfriendsfeareditwouldgivehernightmares,youngJaneloveditdearlyanditbecameafrequentcompanion.Asshegrewshebecamefascinatedwithanimalsandwiththenaturalworld.Shelovedtoclimbtrees,oftensittinginthemtoread.FavoritebooksincludedtheTarzanbyEdgarRiceBurroughs,RudyardKipling'sJungleBook,andTheStoryofDoctorDolittle.ShesoonwasobsessedwiththedreamoftravellingtoAfricatolivewithwildanimals.
Goodallrecallsthathermotherwasingeneralhighlysupportiveofherpassionforanimals.Ononeoccasionafranticfamilysearch,involvingthepolice,revealedyoungJanecroucheddownhidinginthehenhouse,whereshehadbeenforlonghours,justsoshecouldfindouthowthechickenslaidtheireggs.Ratherthanscoldingher,hermotherkneltdownandexplainedtohermoreabouttheprocess.Manyyearslater,whenGoodallsetouttobeginherprimatestudies,stuffyEnglishofficialsobjectedtoayoungEnglishwomantravellingintothejunglesalone.Jane'smotheragreedtoactasescort,subjectingherselftomalaria,wildanimals,andcountlessnightsinatentalltosupportherdaughter'scareer.
TheothergreatinfluenceonGoodallwasanthropologistLouisLeakey.AlreadywellestablishedinthescientificcommunityforhisfamousworkatOlduvaiGorge,LeakeywasimpressedbyGoodall'sknowledgeofanimalsandofAfrica.Ontopofthis,she'dbeentosecretarialschool,makinghertheidealassistant.SheworkedashissecretaryatmuseuminKenya,andshealsoaccompaniedhimandMaryLeakeyonnumerousexcursionstohuntforfossils.Leakeywasimpressedwithhercarefulfieldwork,andhebecameconvincedthatshewastheperfectpersontotakeonaprojecthe'dlonghadinmind:
afieldstudyofchimpanzees.Naturally,Goodallwasreceptive.
Inspiteofgovernmentobjections,andthegrumblingofsomeofLeakey'scolleagues,theyoungEnglishwomanmadeherwayintothejunglesaroundLakeTanzania(thenLakeTanlganyika),withhermotherintow.Thepairlivedinalittletentroofedwithstraw,andGoodallwaitedforthechimpanzeestobecomeaccustomedtoherpresence.SherecalledLeakey'sadvicethatifshewerecalmandmeantnoharmtotheanimalstheywouldsenseit,wouldnotharmher.Goodallfoundaprofoundpeaceinthejungle:
sittingquietlyevolvedintoaformofmeditation,andshebegantosensesomegreatpower,whosepresencewasmorenoticeabletherethaninthecitiesstuffedwithpeople.Overtime,thechimpsbecamesufficientlyusedtoherpresencethatshecouldcreepcloser,nolongerneedingbinocularstoobservethem.Withthisadvanceshebegantomakefieldobservationsthatsoonrevolutionizedthefieldofprimatology.
AmongGoodall'smoresignificantdiscoveriesweretheclose-knitsocialtiesandcomplexrelationshipswithinchimpanzeegroups,maintainedbynetworksofgroomingandfoodsharing.Shenotedthatthepowerfullovingbondsbetweenmothersandtheiroffspring,andlaterallyamongsiblings,createdmother-centeredgroupings.These,alongwithsex,foodsharingandgrooming,weretheglueofchimpanzeesociety.Goodallhasalsoobservedchimpanzeeshuntingpigsandothermoderatelysizedanimalsandwarfarebetweenrival“tribes”.Butbyfar,themoststunningdiscoveryofallwasherobservationof“tool”useamongchimpanzees.Priortoherworkithadbeenassertedthathumansweretheonlycreaturesthatusedtools.ButwhenGoodallrepeatedlyobservedchimpssearchingfor“theperfecttwig”,thenstrippingitofleaves,patientlydippingitintomoundsandwithdrawingittoconsumetermites,sheknewshewasseeingtooluse.
Goodall'sGombeStreamResearchCentreisstillactivetoday,somefortyyearsafteritsfounding,andisstillyieldingnewinformation.Ithasspawnedadditionalresearchamongotherpopulationsofwildchimpanzees,aswellasamongotherprimatesandothergreatapesaswell.MostnotablehereistheworkongorillascarriedoutbythelateDianFosseyandwithorangutansbyDr.BirutéGaldikas.Nonetheless,thestationatGombehasalsodrawnacertainamountofcriticism,afactwhichGoodallreadilyacknowledges.Forexample,itisnowunderstoodthatcreatingapermanentfeedingstation(forobservation)haschangedbothpatternsoffoodforagingamongGombechimpanzeesaswellastheirsocialrelationships.Studiescarriedoutwithotherwildchimppopulations(untaintedbyfeedingstationarrangements,etc.)haveshownthattheGombesituationhasactuallydrawnouthigherlevelsofaggressivebehaviortherethanisnormal.ThussomeobservationsatGombemayhaveskewedourunderstandingof“typical”chimpbehavior.
Since1986,whenitbecameclearthatpoachingandhabitatdestructionwereincreasingatanalarmingrate,GoodallhasspentlessandlesstimeatGombe.ShehasbecomeatirelesslecturerwithintheUnitedStatesandelsewhere,advocatingnotonlyforhabitatpreservationandtougherpoachinglaws,butalsoformorehumantreatmentofchimpanzeesincaptivity,withinboththemedicalandentertainmentsettings.TheJaneGoodallInstituteforWildlifeResearch,EducationandConservation,whichsheestablishedin1977,hasbecomeanimportantpartoftheseefforts.TheInstitutehasestablishedimpressiveprogramsinAfrica,involvinglocalpeopleincommunity-centeredconservationanddevelopment.AnotheroffshootoftheInstitute,Goodall'sRoots&Shootsprogram,workstofosterenvironmentalismandpeaceconsciousnessamongtheworld'schildren.Roots&Shootsisnowlocatedinmorethan70nations,includingtheU.S.andCanada.
Nowinher70s,Goodallstillseesmanyyearsofworkahead.Bothherauntandhermotherlivedwellintotheir90s,andsheseesnoreasonwhysheshouldn'tdothesame.Herworkthusfarhasbeenhonoredbyscientistsandheadsofstatealike.IncludedamonghermanyawardsandacknowledgesaretheNationalGeographicSociety'sHubbardMedal,Japan'sprestigiousKyotoPrize,andtheGandhi/KingAwardforNonviolence.ShewasnamedaUnitedNations“MessengerofPeace”in2002.In2003QueenElizabethIInamedheraDameoftheBritishEmpire.Goodall'smanybooksanddocumentarieshavemadehersorecognizablewithinpopularculturethatshehasappearedasherselfintheanimatedWildThornberrysfilmandhasbeenthebuttofatleastoneGaryLarsonFarSidecartoon.
Naturally,beingsuchapublicfigurepresentsitsownchallenges.Goodallstruggleswiththehandicapofprosopagnosia,aconditionthatmakesitverydifficult(sometimesimpossible)torecognizethefacesofthoseonehasalreadymet.Goodallsufferedinsilenceformanyyears,strugglingtosmoothovertheunintendedhurtfeelingsitcaused,untilshelearnedthatotherpeoplehavethesameconditionandbecamefamiliarwithitsscientificname.Heryoungersister,Judy,hastheconditionaswell.FortunatelyforGoodall,theconditiondidnotpreventherfromidentifyingthevariouschimpanzeesshestudied.Theapparentreason:
chimpanzeesdonotchangetheirhairstyles,changeoutfits,orsuddenlyappearwearingahatandsunglasses.Theirappearanceremainssteadyovertime,andthusGoodallwasabletotellonefromtheotherwithgreatereasethanshecoulddistinguishfellowhumans.
Onadifferenttrackentirely,Goodall'spublicstaturemadeherthedarlingofBigfootbelieverseverywherewhensheannouncedthatshesawnoreasonwhysuchcreaturescouldn'texist.In2003,asymposiumattheWillowCreek-ChinaFlatMuseuminnorthernCaliforniahopedtostageamajorcoupbyhavingGoodallappeartospeakdirectlyonthistopic.GoodallunfortunatelyhadtocancelherappearenceduetoconservationdevelopmentsintheCongo.Sheinsteadparticipatedinavideotapedinterviewwhichairedatthesymposium.
题目:
1.famous________(Para1)
文本:
你的答案:
famed
正确答案:
famed
得分:
3.00
题目:
pany________(Para2)
文本:
你的答案:
companion
正确答案:
companion
得分:
3.00
题目:
3.criticize________(Para3)
文本:
你的答案:
scold
正确答案:
scold
得分:
3.00
题目:
4.opposition________(Para5)
文本:
你的答案:
objection
正确答案:
objection
得分:
3.00
题目:
5.important________(Para6)
文本:
你的答案:
significant
正确答案:
significant
得分:
3.00
题目:
6.produce________(Para7)
文本:
你的答案:
yield
正确答案:
yield
得分:
3.00
题目:
7.strict________(Para8)
文本:
你的答案:
tough
正确答案:
tough
得分:
3.00
题目:
8.recognize________(Para10)
文本:
你的答案:
identify
正确答案:
identify
得分:
3.00
2.SectionB:
Fillintheblankswithwordsorphrasesfromthebox.Changetheformwherenecessary.
题目:
1.Employeesinthiscompanycanexpecttobemoved_________todifferentdepartmentstogainexperience.
文本:
你的答案:
laterally
正确答案:
laterally
得分:
2.50
题目:
2.Eversincehedyedhishairblue,hehasbeenthe______ofseveraljokes.
文本:
你的答案:
butt
正确答案:
butt
得分:
2.50
题目:
3.Thetelevisionpicturesbroughthometousallthe______oftherefugees.
文本:
你的答案:
plight
正确答案:
plight
得分:
2.
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