从两个节日看中西方的迷信思想.doc
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从两个节日看中西方的迷信思想.doc
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从两个节日看中西方的迷信思想
PerceptionsofChineseandWesternSuperstitionsfromTwoFestivals
Contents
Abstract I
KeyWords I
摘 要 Ⅱ
关键词 Ⅱ
Introduction 1
I.HalloweenandHungryGhostFestival 2
ATheOriginandPresentCelebrationofHalloween. 2
B.TheOriginandPresentCelebrationofHungryGhostFestival 3
II.SuperstitiousThoughtsofPeople...............................................................................5
A.SomeCommonSuperstitionsaroundtheWorld 5
B.SuperstitioninWesternCountries 6
C.SuperstitioninChina 7
1.“FengShui” 7
2.“RenQi” 8
3.Temples 8
4.OtherSuperstitions 9
D.InfluenceofSuperstition 9
III.ReligiousIdeas 11
A.TheViewsofChristianityaboutDeathandSpirits 11
B.TheViewsofBuddhismandTaoismaboutGhostandGod 12
IV.PromotingScientificViewsandRemovingSuperstitions 13
Conclusion 15
Acknowledgements 16
Bibliography...................................................................................................................17
Abstract
Superstitiousthoughtsarealwaysinpeople’slifeinspiteofscientificandtechnologicaladvancement.HungryGhostFestivalinChinaandHalloweeninthewesterncountriesaretworeligiousfestivalswhichareobservedeveryyear.Theyrevealpeople’sideaabouttheghostsandspiritsafterdeath.Theyalsoincludedoctrineswhichimprisonpeople’smindsandthoughts.Therefore,peopleshowdifferentreligiousbriefs.Thisthesismainlytalksabouttheoriginandcelebrationsofthetwofestivals,andsumsupthekindsofsuperstitionsinChinaandsomewesterncountries,andanalyzetheinfluenceofsuperstitions,threereligiousideasaboutdeathandspiritsfromBuddhism,Taoism,Christian.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleshouldpromotescientificviewsandremovesuperstitions.
KeyWords
Halloween;HungryGhostFestival;superstitions;religions
摘 要
尽管科学技术正在进步,但是迷信思想始终存在于人们的生活当中。
中国鬼节和西方万圣节是每年都会庆祝的两大宗教节日。
它们体现了人们对身死亡后的鬼魂态度,同时也蕴涵了禁锢人们思想活动的教条。
因而形成了不同的宗教信仰。
本论文主要介绍了这两个节日的起源和庆祝方式,归纳了在中西方国家里存在的各种迷信思想,还分析了迷信思想给人们带来的影响和佛教、道教、基督教这三种宗教对死亡和灵魂的观点及信仰。
作者认为人们应该破除迷信、解放思想。
关键词
万圣节;鬼节;迷信;宗教
Introduction
InChinaandsomewesterncountries,superstitiousthoughtsaffectpeople’slifeallthetime.SinceChinaopeneditsgatetotheoutsideworld,manywesternershavecometoChina.Theybroughtwiththemtheirownculturesandcustoms.Halloween,whichfallsonNov.1,hasalreadybeenafamiliarholidaytoChinesepeople.ManyChinesepeoplealsostarttocelebrateHalloween.TheChinesetraditionalfestival—HungryGhostFestivalhappensonthe15thofJulyinthelunarcalendar.IthasbeenoneofmostimportantreligionholidaysinChineseculturesincethesixthcenturyAD.Thetwofestivalsrevealpeople’ssuperstitiousthoughtsinChinaandsomewesterncountries.
Atpresent,someChinesepeopleareresearchingintothetwofestivals.Somepeopledon’tthinkthatthefestivalsshouldbecelebrated,becausethefestivalsbroughtaboutnegativeinfluencesonpeople’slifeandsociety.Butotherpeoplesupportsuchfestivals,becausethetwofestivalsarereligiousholidays,andpeople’sreligiousbeliefsshouldberespected.Sofar,studiesanddiscussionsofthetwofestivalsarestillinmarch.
IHalloweenandHungryGhostFestival
A.TheOriginandCelebrationofHalloween
Halloweenisoneoftheoldestholidayswithoriginsgoingbackthousandsofyears.TheholidayweknowasHalloweenhashadmanyinfluencesonmanyculturesoverthecenturies,fromtheCelticfestivalofSamhain,totheRoman’sPomonaDay,totheChristianholidaysofAllSaintsandAllSoulsDays.
Theword“Halloween”actuallyhasitsoriginsintheCatholicChurch.Inthe5thcenturyBC,inCelticIreland,summerofficiallyendedonOctober31.TheholidaywascalledSamhain,theCelticNewyear.Theceltsworshippednatureandmanygods.Theybelievedthatonthenightthedisembodiedspiritsofallthosewhohaddiedthroughouttheprecedingyearwouldcomebackinsearchoflivingbodiestopossessforthenextyear.Naturally,thelivingpeopledidnotwanttobepossessed.Therefore,afterthecropswereallharvestedandstoredforthelongwinter,villagerswouldextinguishthefiresintheirhomestomakethemcoldandundesirable.Theywouldthendressupinallmannerofghoulishcostumesandnoisilyparadedaroundtheneighborhood,beingasdestructiveaspossibleinordertofrightenawayspiritslookingforbodiestopossess.
DuringthefirstcenturytheRomansinvadedBritain.So,theybroughtmanyoftheircustomsandfestivalstotheBritish.OneofthesewasthefestivalknownasPomonaDay.Itwasalsocelebratedaroundthe1stofNovemberoftheCelticfestivalandtheRomanPomonaDaymixedandbecomeonemajorfallholiday.
Thenextinfluencecamewiththespr
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- 关 键 词:
- 两个 节日 看中 西方 迷信 思想
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