王蔷英语教学法重点.docx

王蔷英语教学法重点.docx

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王蔷英语教学法重点

Unit1LanguageandLearning

1.1Howdowelearnlanguage？

Welearnlanguageatdifferentages

Peoplehavedifferentexperiences

Peoplelearnlanguagesfordifferentreasons

Peoplelearnlanguagesindifferentways

Peoplehavedifferentcapabilitiesinlanguagelearning

Learningcanbeaffectedbythewayhowlanguageistaught

Learningisaffectedbythedegreeofsuccessoneisexpecttoachieve.

Thusthechallengeconfrontinglanguageteachingishowteachingmethodologycanensuresuccessfullearningbyallthelearnerswhohavemoredifferencesthanthecommonality.

1.2Whatarethemajorviewsoflanguage?

1）Structuralview:

Languageisalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:

phonology,morphology,lexicologyandsyntacx.Tolearnalanguageistolearnitsvocabularyandstructuralrules.

2）Functionalview:

Languageisalinguisticsystemaswellasameansfordoingthings.Learnerslearnalanguageinordertobeabletodothingswithit（useit）.Toperformfunctions,learnersneedtoknowhowtocombinethegrammaticalrulesandthevocabularytoexpressnotionsthatperformthefunctions.

3）Interactionalview:

Languageisacommunicativetooltobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople.Learnersneedtoknowtherulesofalanguageandwhere,whenandhowitisappropriatetousethem.

1.3ViewsonLanguageLearning

Twobroadlearningtheories：

Process-orientedtheoriesareconcernedwithhowthemindorganizesnewinformation.

Condition-orientedtheoriesemphasizethenatureofhumanandphysicalcontext.

Behavioristtheory

⏹B.F.Skinner

⏹Astimulus-responsetheoryofpsychology

⏹Audio-lingualmethod

⏹Theideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepetitionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.

A.Cognitivetheory

⏹InfluencedbyNoamChomsky（revivalofstructurallinguistics）

⏹Languageasanintricaterule-basedsystem

⏹Alearneracquireslanguagecompetencewhichenableshimtoproducelanguage.

⏹Oneinfluentialideaofcognitiveapproachtolanguageteachingisthatstudentsshouldbeallowedtocreatetheirownsentencebasedontheirownunderstandingofcertainrules.

B.Constructivisttheory

⏹JeanPiaget（1896—1980）

⏹Thelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhatisalreadyknown.

C.Socio-constructivisttheory

⏹Vygotsky

⏹“ZoneofProximalDevelopment”（ZPD）;scaffolding（脚手架）

⏹Learningisbestachievedthroughthedynamicinteractionbetweentheteacherandthelearnerandbetweenlearners.

1.4Whatarethequalitiesofagoodlanguageteacher?

Agoodlanguageteacherdoesnotsolelydependonhis/hercommandofthelanguage.Thereareavarietyofelementthatcontributestothequalitiesofagoodlanguageteacher.Theseelementcanbecategorizedintothreegroups:

ethicdevotion,professionalqualityandpersonalstyles.

1.5Howcanonebecomeagoodlanguageteacher?

☐Wallace’s（1991）‘reflectivemodel’（Figure1.1,p.9）

Stage1:

languagedevelopment

Stage2:

learning,practice,reflection

vThelearningstageisthepurposefulpreparationthatalanguagenormallyreceivesbeforethepractice,Thispreparationcaninclude:

1.Learningfromothers’experience

2.Learningthereceivedknowledge

3.Learningfromone’sownexperiences

vThepracticestage（2senses）

Pseudopractice:

shortperiodoftimeassignedtodoteachingpracticeaspartofone’spre-serviceeducation,usuallyunderthesupervisionofinstructors

Therealclassroomteaching:

whatateacherundertakesafterhe/shefinishesformaleducation

vTeachersbenefitfrompracticeiftheykeeponreflectingonwhattheyhavebeendoing

Goal:

professionalcompetence

Unit2CommunicativePrinciplesandTask-basedlanguageteaching

2.1Howislanguagelearnedinclassroomsdifferentfromlanguageusedinreallife?

Languageusedinreallife

Languagetaughtintheclassroom

Toperformcertaincommuntcativefunctions

Tofocusonforms（structuresorpatterns）

Useallskills,bothreceptiveskillsandproductiveskills

Tofocusononeortwolanguageskillsandignoreothers.

Usedinacertaincontext

Toisolatelanguagefromitscontext

2.2Whatiscommunicativecompetence?

Tobridgethegapbetweenclassroomlanguageteachingandreal-lifelanguageuse,onesolutionistoadoptCLT,thegoalofwhichistodevelopstudents’communicativecompetence.

2.2.1Definition:

Communicativecompetenceincludeboththeknowledgeaboutthelanguageandtheknowledgeabouthowtousethelanguageappropriatelyincommunicativesituations

2.2.2Fivecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence（Hedge2000）

◆Linguisticcompetence（语言能力）

Theknowledgeoflanguageitself,itsformandmeaning.

◆Pragmaticcompetence（语用能力）

Theappropriateuseoflanguageinsocialcontext.

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