英语教学法教程名词解释题.docx
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英语教学法教程名词解释题.docx
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Unit1
一,Viewsonlanguage:
1、Structuralview(languagecompetence)结构主义语言观
—Thefounder:
Saussure,lasenfreeman&long
—Thestructuralviewoflanguageseeslanguageasalinguisticsystemmadeupofvarioussubsystems:
1、thesoundsystem(phonology)2、soundcombinations(morphology)thediscreteunitsofmeaning3、thesystemofcombiningunitsofmeaningforcommunication(syntax)
—Thestructuralviewlimitsknowingalanguagetoknowingitsstructuralrulesandvocabulary
2、Functionalview功能主义语言观
—Representative:
Johnson、marrow、swaincanal(thecore:
grammar)
—Thefunctionviewnotonlyseeslanguageasalinguisticsystembutalsoameansfordoingthings功能不仅认为语言是一个语言系统,但也做事情的一种方式
—Learnerslearnalanguageinordertobeabletodoingthingswithit
Usethelinguisticstructuretoexpressfunctions
3、Interactionalview交互语言观(communicativecompetence)
—Emphasis:
appropriateness
—Languageisacommunicativetool,whichmainuseistobuildupandmaintainsocialrelationsbetweenpeople
—Learnersneedtoknowtherulesforusingthelanguageincertaincontext
二,Viewonlanguagelearning语言学习观
1.Process-orientedtheories:
强调过程areconcernedwithhowthemindorganizesnewinformationsuchashabitformation,induction,makinginference,hypothesistestingandgeneralization.
2.Condition-orientedtheories:
强调条件emphasizethenatureofthehumanandphysicalcontextinwhichlanguagelearningtakesplace,suchasthenumberofstudents,thekindofinputlearnersreceives,andtheatmosphere.
3.Behavioristtheory,(Skinnerandwastonraynor)
Athekeypointofthetheoryofconditioningistha”tyoucantrainananimaltodoanythingifyoufollowacertainprocedurewhichhasthreemajorstages,tsimulus,response,andreinforcement
Btheideaofthismethodisthatlanguageislearnedbyconstantrepletionandthereinforcementoftheteacher.Mistakeswereimmediatelycorrected,andcorrectutteranceswereimmediatelypraised.
4.Cognitivetheory:
Chomsky)thinksthatlanguageisnotaformofbehavior,itisanintricaterulebasedsystemandalargepartoflanguageacquisitionisthelearningofthissystem.Thereareafinitenumberofgrammaticalrulesinthesystemandwithknowledgeoftheseaninfinitenumberofsentencescanbeproduced.
5.Constructivisttheory:
(JohnDewey)theconstructivisttheorybelievesthatlearningisaprocesinwhichthelearnerconstructsmeaningbasedonhis/herownexperiencesandwhathe/heralreadyknows
6.Socio-constructivisttheory:
(Vygotskyh)eemphasizesinteractionandengagementwiththetargetlanguageinasocialcontextbasedontheconceptof“ZoneofProximalDevelopment”(Z
PD)andscaffolding.
Unit2
一,Whatmakesagoodlanguageteacher?
ethicdevotion,professionalqualities,certaindesirablepersonalstyles.
四,principlesofcommunicativelanguageteaching(CLT)交际语言教学法原则1)Communicationprinciple:
activitiesthatinvolverealcommunicationpromotelearning.2)Taskprinciple:
activitiesinwhichlanguageisusedforcarryingoutmeaningfultaskspromotelearning.
3)Meaningfulnessprinciple:
languagethatismeaningfultothelearnersupportsthelearningprocess.
五,HowattproposesaweakandastrongversionofCLT.
Weakversion:
learnersfirstacquirelanguageasastructuralsystemandthenlearnhowtouseitincommunication.---theweakversionregardsovertteachingoflanguageformsandfunctionsasnecessarymeansforhelpinglearnerstodeveloptheabilitytousethemforcommunication.
Strongversion:
languageisacquiredthroughcommunication.Thelearnersdiscoverthestructuralsystemintheprocessofleaninghowtocommunicate.---regardsexperiencesofusingthelanguageasthemainmeansornecessaryconditionsforlearningalanguageastheyprovidetheexperienceforlearnerstoseehowlanguageisusedincommunication.
六,PPP:
presentation,practice,production
三.Principlesforgoodlessonplanning
A.AimB.VarietyC.FlexibilityD.learningabilityE.linkage
四.Componentsofalessonplan教案的内容
A.Backgroundinformation
BTeachingaims
C.Languagecontentsandskills
D.stagesandprocedures
E.Teachingaids
F.Endoflessonsummary
G..Optionalactivitiesandassignments
H.Afterlessonreflection
Unit5
二,Theroleoftheteacher教师的角色
1.Controller:
controlthepace,thetime,thetargetlanguage,thestudent.
2.Assessor:
twothings
a.ascorrector:
correctthemistakes,organizingfeedbackthelearners
b.asevaluator:
tocreateasuccess-orientedlearning,atmosphere,morepraise,lesscriticism
3.Organizer:
taskbasedonteachingtodesigntasksandtoorganize
4.Prompter:
togiveappropriatepromptshints
5.Participant:
totakepartintheactivities
6.Resource-provider:
asawalkingdictionary
Unit6
一,CriticalPeriodHypothesis关键期假说
Thishypothesisstatesthatifhumansdonotlearnaforeignlanguagebeforeacertainage,thenduetochangessuchasmaturationo
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