跨文化交际背景下的中英文禁忌语对比研究毕业论文 精品Word格式文档下载.docx
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跨文化交际背景下的中英文禁忌语对比研究毕业论文 精品Word格式文档下载.docx
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【关键词】比较;
英国禁忌语;
中国禁忌语;
跨文化交际
【指导老师】王露
【专业】英语
【正文】
I.Introduction
InChina,
“入境而问禁;
入国而问俗;
入门而问讳”1havebeenanormofbehaviorforthousandsofyears.Similarly,inwest,“wheninRome,doastheRomansdo.”isalsothenormofwestern.Forthepurposeofsuccessfulinterculturalcommunication,botheastandwestpeopleallemphasizeonthestudyingtheknowledgeoftaboos.Andlinguistictabooexistsuniversallyinalmostallofthelanguagesandcultures.Theviolationoflinguistictabooisregardedimpoliteandoffensive,butpeoplefromdifferentculturesdonotallagreeonwhatarelinguistictaboosandwhatshouldbetabooed.Eventaboointhesamethingmayhavedifferentimplications,sincepeoplefromdifferentcultureshaveestablisheddifferentsocialcustomsandculturalorientations.Ininterculturalcommunication,theymayinterpreteachother’s
speechandbehaviorinaccordancewiththeirownbeliefsandvaluesandadoptdifferentpolitenessstrategiestoachievetheirgoals.
Atthesametime,withthedevelopmentoftransportation,informationtechnology
andtheglobalizationofeconomy,communicationbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesareincreasinglyfrequentandextensive.Inthisprocess,peopleareincreasinglyconsciousoftheexistenceofculturaldiversity,andtheygraduallynoticethatdifferencesproducegreatbarrierstosocialorinterculturalcommunication.
Humantoleranceanddesireforcommunicationdohelptoreducethesedifferencesandenhancemutualunderstandingbuttherearestillsomeaspectssuchassometaboosthatarebeyondpeople’sacceptabilitybecauseofitssensitiveness,misunderstanding
unhappiness,conflictorevendisastrousconsequencesmayoccurduetotheviolationofcertaintaboos.Consideringwhathavebeenmentionedabove,wheninterculturalcommunicationoccursmorefrequentlyandmoreextensively,asystematicstudyoflinguistictaboosininterculturalcommunicationbecomesanimperative.MasteringtaboosknowledgeinChineseandEnglishhelpstocultivateinterculturalcompetence.Itisparticularconducivetothemanagementofinterpersonalandinterculturalconflicts,andenablespeopletoproduceharmoniousrelationships.AsJamesThurberhassaidinTheEastandTheWest,
“Precisionofcommunicationisimportant,morethanever,inaneraofhair-triggerbalanceswhenafalseormisunderstoodwordmaycreateasmuchadisasterasasuddenthoughtlessact.”2
II.LiteratureReview
A.TheDefinitionsandFeaturesofTaboo
OxfordEnglishDictionarydefinestabooas:
wordslikelytobeconsideredoffensive,shockingorindecentbycertainpeople(thoughnotnecessarilybyeveryone).InChinesetabooisregardedastheindelicateordirtyword.TabooisexplainedbytheModernChineseDictionaryastheprohibitedwordsoractions.AccordingtomodernlinguistsRobinett,tabooisaprincipleorcriterionerectedbysociety,whichcanpreventpeoplefrombadaction.AsWardhaughstates:
“tabooisonewayinwhichasocietyexpressesitsdisapprovalofcertainkindsofbehaviorbelievedtobeharmfultoitsmembers,eitherforsupernaturalreasonsorbecausesuchbehaviorisheldtoviolateamoralcode”.Generallyspeaking,taboohasaboutitasenseofsomethingunapproachable,anditisprincipallyexpressedinprohibitionsandrestrictions.
Linguistictaboo,asacommonsocialculturalphenomenoninbotheastandwest,existsobjectively.Ithasthreefeaturesasbelow.
1.Temporality
Withthedevelopmentofthesociety,somelinguistictabooschangedandsomedisappearedorlosttheiroriginalmeaning.IntheQingdynastythepoetXuJun(徐骏)waskilledbecausehispoemhad“Qing清”inhispoem“清风不识字,何事乱翻书”.Buthewouldn’tbekilledinotherdynasties.Thepoem“清明时节雨纷纷”iswidelylovedbeforeQingdynasty.InEnglish,theword“women”wasonceatabooinVictorianAge,Itmeantmistressandadulterywife.Butnow,itlostitsoriginalmeaningandbecameacommonword.
2.Ethnocentricity
Everyethnicgrouphasitsownculturalpattern.Linguistictaboo,asanethnicphenomenon,isinfluencedbytheeconomy,socialstructureandbeliefofthewholegroup.Takeageasanexample.Chinesepeopledon’tcareaboutoldage.Sometimes,weespeciallycallsomeone
“ZhangLao张老”,
“WangLao王老”,forrespect.ButthisistotallyunacceptableinEnglish-speakingcountries.Intheiropinion,
“old老”meansuseless,andpeoplewillfeeloffendediftheyaredescribedtobeold.SowomenkeeptheiragesecretintheEnglish-speakingcountriesandseldomtalkaboutage.
3.Context-reliability
Theusageoftaboosislimitedbythesocialconditionsandthepsychologicalfactors.Thecontextconfinestheusageofthetaboos.Informalsituationslikesocialgatheringsandbanquets,peoplewillpaymoreattentiontotaboos,whichcanbeusedinprivatesituations.AlotofChinesetaboosareconfinedbythespecialcontext
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