美国教育英文简单介绍PPT文件格式下载.ppt
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美国教育英文简单介绍PPT文件格式下载.ppt
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EducationintheUnitedStatesofAmerica,美国教育体系,I.Thegoalofeducation,“Giveamanafishandhewilleatforaday.Teachamanhowtofishandhewilleatfortherestofhislife.”-ChineseProverbThegoalofeducationistoachieveuniversalliteracyandtoprovideindividualswitheducationalopportunities.,EducationintheUnitedStatesisprovidedmainlybygovernment,withcontrolandfundingcomingfromthreelevels:
@#@federal,state,andlocal.Eachof50statesintheUnitedStateshasitsownlawsregulatingeducation.Fromstatetostate,somelawsaresimilar;@#@othersarenot.,II.Educationalocalmatter,III.ExpenditureofEducation,Educationalfundsarefromseveralsources.Fundsforelementaryandsecondaryschoolscomefrom3sources:
@#@about50%fromlocalpropertytaxes,40-50%fromthestates,8%-9%fromthefederalgovernment.,Elementaryschoolandsecondaryschool,Inmostareas,freepublicschooleducationbeginswithkindergartenclassesfor5yearsold.Almostallthe50stateshavelawsthatrequire12yearsofcompulsoryattendanceatschoolforchildren.,Insomeschoolsystem,the12gradesaredividedintotwostages,thefirst6gradesforelementaryschoolandthenext6gradesforsecondaryschool.Inotherschoolsystem,therearethreedivisions:
@#@elementaryschool(grades16),juniorhighschool(79),andseniorhighschool(1012).,EducationintheUnitedStates,Grade,Age,Preschool,Kindergarten,5-6,ElementarySchool,1stGrade,2ndGrade,3rdGrade,4thGrade,5thGrade,6-7,7-8,8-9,12-13,10-11,6thGrade,7thGrade,8thGrade,11-12,9-10,13-14,MiddleSchool,9thGrade,14-15,10thGrade,11thGrade,12thGrade,15-16,16-17,17-18,HighSchool,IV.CurriculaforStudents,1.ElementarySchoolAlthoughthefederalgovernmenthasnonationalcurriculumforeducation,almosteveryelementaryschoolprovidesinstructioninthesesubjects:
@#@languagearts;@#@math;@#@penmanship;@#@science;@#@socialstudies;@#@music;@#@art;@#@andphysicaleducation.,PhysicalEducation,2.SecondarySchool,Secondaryschoolsofferthesesubjects:
@#@English,mathematics,science,socialstudiesandphysicaleducation.Mostschoolsofferforeignlanguages.SpanishisthemostpopularforeignlanguageforAmericans.,ClassatmosphereisusuallyrelaxedinAmericanschools.Americaneducatorbelievethatchildrenlearnbetterwhentheyarehappyandinterested,soeveryefforthasbeenmadetoarousetheinterestsoftheindividual.,PublicSchools,Publicschoolsarelocallycontrolled.Firstly,publicschoolsaresupportedbytaxespaidbyallpeoplewhetherornottheyhavechildrenattendingschools.Secondly,theyarefreefromreligiousinfluence.Publicschoolseducateabout88%ofallAmericanchildren.,PrivateSchools,Mostprivateschoolsarerelatedtoreligiousgroups.Intheseschools,religiousinstructionispartofthecurriculumToday,about12%ofallAmericanchildrengotoprivateschoolsfortheirelementaryandsecondaryeducation.,MiddleSchoolinU.S.A,StandardizedTests,Inthelastyearofhighschool,studentswhowanttogoontoreceivehighereducationhavetotakesomekindofstandardizedtests.ThemostpopulartestsareScholasticAssessmentTests(SAT)andtheAmericanCollegeTesting(ACT),SAT,TheSATisathree-hour,multiple-choiceexammeasuringverbal,math,andreasoningskills.ItisrequiredbymosthighereducationinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesfortheadmissiontoundergraduatedegreeprograms.,EntranceRequirementofaUniversityoraCollege,Successfulapplicantsatsuchcollegesareusuallychosenonthebasisof:
@#@TheirhighschoolacademicperformanceLettersofrecommendationfromtheirhighschoolteachersTheimpressiontheymakeduringtheinterviewsattheuniversityTheirscoresonSAT,TheComplexSystemofHigherEducation,Itcomprisesfourcategoriesofinstitutions:
@#@TheuniversityThefour-yearundergraduateinstitutionthecollegeThetechnicaltraininginstitutionThetwo-year,orcommunitycollege,TheMilitaryAcademy,TheonlyinstitutionsofhighereducationfundedbythefederalgovernmentarerelatedtotheMilitary.TheyaretheUnitedStatesMilitaryAcademy(陆军学校)atWestPoint,NewYork;@#@theUnitedStatesNavalAcademy(海军学校)inAnnapolis,Maryland;@#@andtheUnitedStatesAirForceAcademy(空军军官学校)inColoradoSprings,Colorado.,Credit,Oneofthemeasurementsforanundergraduateinacademicprogressiscreditor“point”.Typically,anundergraduatestudenthastoearnacertainnumberofcredits(about120)inordertoreceivethebachelorsdegreeattheendoffouryearsofcollege.Creditsareearnedbyattendinglectures(orlabclasses)andbysuccessfullycompletingassignmentsandexaminations.,StudentswhowanttopursuegraduatestudyhavetotaketheGraduateRecordExamination(GRE),ortheLawSchoolAdmissionsTest(LSAT)forlawschool,ortheMedicalCollegeAdmissionsTest(MCAT)ifonewantstogotoamedicalschool.,TableofAcademicDegrees,PublicUniversities,PublicuniversitiesareoperatedbyastateorlocalgovernmentSomefamouspublicuniversities:
@#@Universi
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