Chapter-5-MeaningPPT课件下载推荐.ppt
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Chapter-5-MeaningPPT课件下载推荐.ppt
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,Thesubjectconcerningthestudyofmeaningiscalledsemantics.Morespecifically,semanticsisthestudyofthemeaningoflinguisticunits,wordsandsentenceinparticular.(P.105),5.1MeaningsofMeaning(p.105)(“意义”的意义),Haveyoueverbeenaskedsuchquestions:
Doyouknowthemeaningoftheword?
Canyoutellmethemeaningoftheword?
Youarealwaysrequiredtodothefollowingthing:
Trytorememberthemeaningoftheword.Lookupthemeaningofthewordinthedictionary.Whatdopeoplemeanby“meaning”?
G.Leech,Leech,G.1974.Semantics:
TheStudyofMeaning.Harmondsworth:
Penguin.Inthisbook,hestudiedandrecognized7typesofmeanings.LookatTable5-1onpage106.,1.Conceptualmeaning(概念意义),Conceptualmeaningisoftendescribedasdictionarymeaningorliteralmeaningofaword.Itisalsoknownasthesurfacemeaning.Itisrelativelyconstantandstable,becauseitisthemeaningagreeduponbyallthemembersofthesamespeechcommunity.Forexample:
Woman:
anadultfemalewhoisbipedandhasawombDog:
afour-leggedanimalwhichcanmakethesoundofbarking,2.Connotativemeaning(内涵意义),Theimplicationofwords,apartfromitsprimarymeaning;
anideathatawordmakesyouthinkof,ratherthantheactualmeaning;
Lookattheprevioustwowordsagain:
gregarious,subjecttoinstinct,capableofspeech,experiencedincookery,skirtordresswearing,gentle,compassionate,sensitive,hard-working,frail,emotional,pronetotears,inconstantDog:
loyaltoowner,fierce,violent,Lookatthefollowingexamples:
Tomisapig.(像猪一样的家伙,脏,贪吃)Thatfellowisatiger.(像老虎一样本性凶残的人)Mother:
(抚爱,亲切,体贴)Home:
(温暖,温馨,舒适)Fox:
(狡猾)Lamb:
(温顺)Peoplepayattentiontothecharacteristicsandpropertiesofacertainperson,thingorobject.,3.Socialmeaning(社会意义),Socialmeaningiswhatapieceoflanguageconveysaboutthesocialcircumstancesofitsuse.Whoisusingthelanguage?
-userWhereislanguageused?
-settingWhatarelanguageuserstalkingandwritingabout?
-topic,Dialect:
thelanguageofageographicalregionorofasocialclass.Time:
thelanguageofthe18thc.,etc.Province:
languageoflaw,ofscience,ofadvertising,etc.Status:
polite,colloquial,slang,etc.Modality:
languageofmemoranda,lectures,jokes,etc.Singularity:
thestyleofDickens,etc.,Lookatthefollowingwords:
domicile:
veryformal,officialresidence:
formalabode:
poetichome:
generalsteed:
poetichorse:
generalnag:
slanggee-gee:
babylanguage,Lookatthefollowingexamples:
Peopleusethewordsindifferentsituations:
Salt:
(Wouldyoupleasepassmethesalt.)Sodiumchloride:
(Ineedsomesodiumchloride.)Studentshavecomeacrossthewordswhichstandforwhatpeopledoinordertomakealiving.Job:
Ineedtofindajob.Occupation:
Pleasestateyourname,ageandoccupation.Profession:
Shewasattheverytopofherprofession.Trade:
Heworksintheretailtrade.,4.Affective/emotionalmeaning(感情意义),Peopleuselanguagetoexpresstheirfeelingsandattitudes.Itreferstothatpartofmeaningwhichconveysemotionsandattitudesofalanguageuser.Sometimesaffectivemeaningsarebroughtoutonlyincontext.,Lookatthefollowingexamples:
(1)Iamfirm.Youareobstinate.Heisapig-headedfool.
(2)YouthsvsYoungsters(3)skinny,well-built,slender,plump,thin,fat,slim(4)politician,statesman,Lookatthefollowingexamples:
Youreavicioustyrantandavillainousreprobate,andIhateyouforit!
Imterriblysorrytointerrupt,butIwonderifyouwouldbesokindastoloweryourvoicesalittle.orWillyoubeltup.,“Colorful”Meaning,Commendatorytough-mindedresolute,firmshrewdchildlikewisemanmanofusualtalentportly,stout,solid,plumslender,slim,Derogatoryruthlessobstinatesly,craftychildishwiseguyfreakfleshy,fat,tubbylean,skinny,lanky,weedy,scraggy,5.Reflectedmeaning(联想意义),Whatiscommunicatedthroughassociationwithanothersenseofthesameexpression.Reflectedmeaningarisesincasesofmultipleconceptualmeaning,whenonesenseofawordformspartofourresponsetoanothersense.,Lookatthefollowingexample:
Whenyouhearclickthemousetwice,youthinkofGerrybeinghittwicebyTomsoyoufeelexcited.,Lookatthefollowingexample:
Whatdolawyersdoaftertheydie?
Theyliestill./Theystilllie.Whatdopeoplemeanby“lie”?
6.Collocativemeaning(搭配意义),Collocativemeaningconsistsoftheassociationsawordacquiresonaccountofthemeaningsofwordswhichtendtooccurinitsenvironment.Inotherwords,itisthatpartoftheword-meaningsuggestedbythewordsthatgobeforeorcomeafterawordinquestion.,Lookatthefollowingexamples:
prettygirl,prettywoman,prettyflowers,prettygarden,prettyvillage;
handsomeboy,handsomeman,handsomecar,handsomevessel,handsomeovercoat,handsomeairliner,handsometypewriter;
Doyouusethefollowingtwophrases?
handsomewoman,prettywoman
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