英国文学史部分重点Word文件下载.docx
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英国文学史部分重点Word文件下载.docx
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}ThemeandCharacterization
--arevolt(反抗)againstGod’sauthority
--Godisnobetterthanaselfishdespot(独裁者).HeiscruelandunjustinhisstruggleagainstSatan.
--Archangelisbore.Hisangelsaresilly(愚蠢的).
--Satanisbyfarthemoststrikingcharacterinthepoem.
}AdamandEveembody(体现)Milton’sbeliefinthepowersofman.Theircraving(渴望)forknowledgeaddsaparticularsignificancetotheircharacters.Thislongingforknowledgeopenbeforemankindawideroadtoanintelligentandactivelife.
Satanistherealheroofthepoem.
}Likeaconqueredandbanished(驱逐的)giant,heremainsobeyedandadmiredbythosewhofollowhimdowntohell.Heisfirmerthantherestoftheangels.Itisalwaysfromhimthatdeepcounsels(忠告),unlooked-forresourcesandcourageousdeeds(行动)proceed.ItishewhomakesmanrevoltagainstGod.Thoughdefeated,heprevails(战胜),sincehehaswonfromGodthethirdpartofangelsandalmostallthesonsofAdam.Thoughwounded,hetriumphs(胜利),forthethunderwhichhituponhisheadlefthisheartinvincible(无敌的).
}Thoughfeebler(微弱的)inforce,heremainssuperiorinnobility(高贵),sinceheprefersindependencetohappyservility(奴性),andwelcomeshisdefeatandhistorments(折磨)asaglory,alibertyandajoy.
}SatanisthespiritquestioningtheauthorityofGod.
}Thesearetheproudandsomber(昏暗的)politicalpassionsofthepersecuted(迫害)RepublicansafterRestoration.
OdetotheWestWind(西风颂)
}Inthepoemthepoeteulogizes(颂扬)thewestwindasapowerfulphenomenonofnaturethatisbothdestroyerandpreserver,thatenjoysboundlessfreedomandthathasthepowertospreadmessagesfarandwide.Thepoemshowsthepoet’swishforhimselfandhisfellowmentosharethefreedomofthewestwind,andatthesametimerememberinghisownandcommonhumanmiseries.
}Thisnoteofoptimismfollowinghiswordsbewailing(悲悼)humansufferingsshowsatoncethepoet’scriticalattitudetowardtheuglysocialrealityofhisdayandhisfaithinabrightfutureforhumanity.Andtheforcefullanguagecouched(埋伏)inhaunting(不易忘怀的)verse(诗)rhythmaddstotheartisticfinishofthepoemandenablesittoberankedthegreatlyricsintheEnglishlanguage.
WilliamShakespeare莎士比亚
•TheGreatComedies
AMidsummerNight’sDream
TheMerchantofVenice
AsYouLikeItandTwelfthNight
•TheGreatTragedies
Othello
KingLear
Macbeth
Hamlet哈姆雷特
•thesummitofShakespeare’sart
•anoldDanishlegend.
•ThomasKyd
•atragedyof“bloodandthunder”
•reflectedhisageandhisowninnermostthoughtsandfeelings
TheCharacterofHamlet
1Hamletisahumanist(人道主义者),anidealist,amanwhoisfreefrommedievalprejudicesandsuperstitions.Hehasanunbounded(无限的)lovefortheworldinsteadoftheheaven.
“thisgoodlyframetheearth,
thismostexcellentcanopytheair,
thebraveo’erhangingfirmament,
Thismajesticalrooffrettedwithgoldenfire.”
2Startingfromhishumanistloveofman,heturnstothosearoundhimwiththesameeagerness.
3Hisintellectualgeniusisoutstanding.
Themelancholy(忧郁)ofHamlet
•Hismelancholyisnotthenegative,hair-splitting(吹毛求疵的)andfruitless(不成功的)kind.Itisrathertheresultofhispenetrating(有洞察力的)habitofmind.
•1.Revengeiseasy,butitisnotmerelypersonalrevengethatHamletseeks.Whatismoreimportantistoexposetherootsoftheevilandtoestablishareignofjustice.Hisresponsibilityisthusenlargedintoaradicaltransformationofsociety.
•2)Inspiteofhismelancholyanddelayinaction,Hamletstillretainshisactiveenergy.
Sonnet18十八首
ByWilliamShakespeare
ShallIcomparetheetoasummer’sday?
Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate:
RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,
Andsummer’sleasehathalltooshortadate:
Sometimestoohottheeyeofheavenshines
Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimed;
Andeveryfairformfairsometimesdeclines,
Bychanceornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed;
Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,
Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow’st;
Norshalldeathbragthouwander’stinhisshade.
Whenineternallinestotimethougrow’st:
Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,
Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.
十四行诗(其十八)
威廉·
莎士比亚
我能把你比作夏日吗?
尽管你更可爱、更温和;
夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿,
季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光;
天空的巨眼有时过于灼热,
常使自身的辉煌无故湮没;
每一种美都会消逝,
不管愿意或是无奈;
然而你这盛夏将永存不朽,
连你所有的美都不会褪去;
死神不忍逼近,
生命只会长存;
只要人类能呼吸,能看见;
我的诗就会存在,而你的生命也会延续。
Sonnet18isabsolutelyoneofthemostfamou
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