份ACCA考试F5模拟测试题目答案文档格式.docx
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份ACCA考试F5模拟测试题目答案文档格式.docx
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Variance
$$$$
PlasmaTVs330350–2075015,000A
LCDTVs290300–106506,500A
–––––––
21,500A
Salesvolumecontributionvariance=(actualsalesvolume–budgetedsalesvolume)xstandardmargin
ActualBudgetedDifferenceStandardSales
salessalesmarginvolume
volumevolumevariance
$$
PlasmaTVs75059016019030,400F
LCDTVs6505906018010,800F
–––––––––––––––––––
1,4001,18041,200F
(ii)Materialpriceplanningandpurchasingoperationalvariances
Materialplanningvariance=(originaltargetprice–generalmarketpriceattimeofpurchase)xquantitypurchased
($60–$85)x1,400=$35,000A.
Materialpriceoperationalvariance=(generalmarketpriceattimeofpurchase–actualpricepaid)xquantitypurchased.
($85–$80)x1,400=$7,000F.
(iii)Labourrateandlabourefficiencyvariances
Labourratevariance=(standardlabourrateperhour–actuallabourrateperhour)xactualhoursworked.
Actualhoursworkedbytemporaryworkers:
Totalhoursneededifstaffwerefullyefficient=(750x2)+(650x1·
5)=2,475.
Permanentstaffprovide2,200hoursthereforeexcess=2,475–2,200=275.
However,temporaryworkerstaketwiceaslong,thereforehoursworked=275x2=550
Labourratevariancerelatessolelytotemporaryworkers,thereforeignorepermanentstaffinthecalculation.
Labourratevariance=($14–$18)x550=$2,200A.
Labourefficiencyvariance=(standardlabourhoursforactualproduction–actuallabourhoursworked)xstandardrate.
(275–550)x$14=$3,850A.
(b)Explanationofplanningandoperationalvariances
Beforethematerialpriceplanningandoperationalvarianceswerecalculated,theonlyinformationavailableasregards
materialpurchasingwasthattherewasanadversematerialpricevarianceof$28,000.Thepurchasingdepartmentwillbe
assessedonthebasisofthisvariance,yet,onitsown,itisnotareliableindicatorofthepurchasingdepartment’sefficiency.
Thereasonitisnotareliableindicatorisbecausemarketconditionscanchange,leadingtoanincreaseinprice,andthis
changeinmarketconditionsisnotwithinthecontrolofthepurchasingdepartment.
Byanalysingthematerialspricevariancefurtherandbreakingitdownintoitstwocomponents–planningandoperational–
thevarianceactuallybecomesamoreusefulassessmenttool.Theplanningvariancerepresentstheuncontrollableelement
andtheoperationalvariancerepresentsthecontrollableelement.
Theplanningvarianceisareallyusefulforprovidingfeedbackonjusthowskilledmanagementareinestimatingfutureprices.
Thiscanbeveryeasyinsomebusinessesandverydifficultinothers.
Theoperationalvarianceismoremeaningfulinthatitmeasuresthepurchasingdepartment’sefficiencygiventhemarket
conditionsthatprevailedatthetime.Itthereforeignoresfactorsthatthepurchasingdepartmentcannotcontrol,whichinturn,
stopsstafffrombecomingdemotivated.
11
2Turnover
Turnoverhasdecreasedfrom$72·
025millionin2009to$66·
028millionin2010,afallof8·
3%.However,thismustbe
assessedbytakingintoaccountthechangeinmarketconditions,sincetherehasbeena20%declineindemandforaccountancy
training.Giventhis20%declineinthemarketplace,ATCo’sturnoverwouldhavebeenexpectedtofallto$57·
62mifithadkept
inlinewithmarketconditions.ComparingATCo’sactualturnovertothis,it’sactualturnoveris14·
6%higherthanexpected.As
such,ATCohasperformedfairlywell,givenmarketconditions.
Itcanalsobeseenfromthenon-financialperformanceindicatorsthat20%ofstudentsin2010arestudentswhohavetransferred
overfromalternativetrainingproviders.Itislikelythattheyhavetransferredoverbecausetheyhaveheardabouttheimproved
servicethatATCoisproviding.Hence,theyaremostlikelythereasonfortheincreasedmarketsharethatATCohasmanagedto
securein2010.
Costofsales
Costofsaleshasdecreasedby19·
2%in2010.Thismustbeconsideredinrelationtothedecreaseinturnoveraswell.In2009,
costofsalesrepresented72·
3%ofturnoverandin2010thisfigurewas63·
7%.Thisisquiteasubstantialdecrease.Thereasons
foritcanbeascertainedby,firstly,lookingatthefreelancestaffcosts.
In2009,thefreelancecostswere$14·
582m.Giventhataminimum10%reductioninfeeshadbeenrequestedtofreelance
lecturersandthenumberofcoursesrunbythemwasthesameyearonyear,theexpectedcostforfreelancelecturersin2010was
$13·
124m.Theactualcostswere$1
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