大学四级433Word文档下载推荐.docx
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大学四级433Word文档下载推荐.docx
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正确答案:
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解析:
{{B}}SampleWritingALetterofConsolation{{/B}}Dearfriend,Areyoufeelinganybetterthesedays?
We'
reallconcernedaboutyourhealth.PerhapsIdon'
tknowexactlywhatillnessfeelslike,butIguessthatthedaysinhospitalmustbeboring.Ithasbeenthreeweekssinceyouleftandallyourroommateshavestartedtomissyouandyourjokes.Youalwayshadafunnystorytotellatbedtimeinthedorm.Howweenjoyeditall!
Overthepastthreeweeks,nothingmuchhashappened.Everybodyisbusywithstudysincethemid-termexamsarearoundthecorner.Youneedn'
tworrytoomuchaboutmissingtheexam.Theteacherknowsallaboutyourcaseandshetoldmethatamakeuptestcouldbearrangedwhenyouareback.Valuableasthestudyis,moreimportantisyourownbody.Don'
tworrytoomuchaboutlessons.Iwillkeepallthenotesinclassforyou,andwhenyouarebackatschoolI'
llhelpyoutocatchup.Besuretofollowtheadvicesofthedoctorandmakeapointofdoingsomeexerciseseveryday.WhatIwanttosayisthatwe,thefriendsaroundyou,arewaitingforyourcomingback.YoursSincerelyWuYeqiong
二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning){{/B}}(总题数:
70.00)
{{B}}PlasticBagPollution{{/B}}
Theuseofplasticbagshasincreasedatanalarmingratesincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s.Bigblackbinliners,plasticcarrierbagscarryingadvertisinglogos,clearsandwichbagsandavarietyofotherforms.They'
relightweight,handyandeasilydiscarded.Tooeasilydiscarded.Justtakealookaroundyou.Plasticbagscanbeseenhangingfromthebranches,flyingintheair,settledamongstbushesandfloatingonrivers.Theyblockupdrainscausingwaterandsewagetooverflowandbecomethebreedinggroundsofbacteriathatcausediseases.
Plasticbagsaredifficultandcostlytorecycleandmostenduponlandfillsiteswheretheytakearound300yearstodecay.Theybreakdownintotinytoxic(有毒的)particlesthatpollutethesoilandwaterwaysandenterthefoodchainwhenanimalsaccidentallyconsumethem.Buttheproblemssurroundingwasteplasticbagsstartlongbeforetheydecay.Ourplanetisbecomingincreasinglyendangeredbyourover-useofplasticbags.
{{B}}ProductionofPlasticBags{{/B}}
Plasticbagsaremadefromethylene(乙烯),agasthatisproducedasaby-productofoil,gasandcoalproduction.Ethyleneismadeintopolymers(聚合体)--chainsofethylenemolecules--calledpolyethylene.Thissubstance,alsoknownaspolythene,isusedtoproducearangeofitems,includingplasticbags.
Youhaveprobablynoticedtwotypesofplasticshoppingbags--thelighter,filmybagsyougetfromsupermarketsandfoodoutlets,andtheheavierbagsfromotherretailoutlets,likeclothingstores.Thesupermarketbagsaremadefromhighdensitypolyethylene(HDPE),whilethethickerbagsaremadefromlowdensitypolyethylene(LDPE).UnlikeHDPE,LDPEcannotberecycled.
Whileplasticbagsmaynotbethemosthightechapplicationofplasticstechnology,itiscertainlyoneofthemostprevalent.AccordingtoCleanUpAustralia,Australiansuseinexcessof6billionplasticbagsperyear.Iftiedtogetherthesebagswouldformachainthatislongenoughtogoaroundtheworld37times.Morethanhalfofthesebags(3.6billion)aremadefromHDPE.
{{B}}DangerstoSeaLife{{/B}}
Plasticbagsarenowamongstthetop12itemsofwastesmostoftenfoundalongthecoastlines.Animalsandseacreaturesarehurtandkilledeverydaybydiscardedplasticbags--adeadturtlewithaplasticbaghangingfromitsmouthisn'
tapleasantsightbutmistakingplasticbagsforfoodiscommonplaceamongstmarineanimals.Plasticblockstheirintestines(肠道)andleadstoslowstarvation.Othersbecomeentangledinplasticbagsanddrown.
Becauseplasticbagstakehundredsofyearstobreakdown,everyyearourseasbecome"
home"
tomoreandmorebagsthatfindtheirwaytherethroughoursewersandwaterways.Everybagthat'
swasheddownadrainduringrainfallendsupinthesea;
everybagthat'
sflusheddownatoiletendsupinthesea;
sblownintoariverwillmostlikelyendupinthesea.Onedisquietingfactstemmingfromthisisthatplasticbagscanbecomeserialkillers.Onceananimaldiesofplasticbags,itdecaysatamuchfasterratethanthebag.Oncetheanimalhasdecomposed,thebagisreleasedbackintotheenvironmentmoreorlessintact,readytobeeatenbyanothermisguidedorganism.Theincrediblyslowrateofdecayofplasticbagsalsomeansthateachbagweusecompoundstheproblem,becausethebagssimplyaccumulate.
{{B}}PollutionTaxes&
Bans{{/B}}
Differentcountrieshaveadoptedarangeofapproachestodiscouragetheuseofplasticbagsinanattempttocutdownonthenumberofbagsfindingtheirwayintotheenvironment.InSouthAfricaforinstance,whereanestimatedeightbillionplasticbagsareusedannually,thegovernmenthasimplementednewregulationsthatwillseeonlythicker,moredurableplasticbagsproduced.Aswellasmakingthemmoresuitableforreuse,itishopedthattheextracostassociatedwiththeirproductionandsupplywillpreventretailersgivingthehigherqualitybagsaway,makingtheiruseamoreexpensiveoptionforconsumers.
TheuseofplasticbagsisbeingdiscouragedinotherplacessuchasSingaporeandTaiwan,whilethetaximposedontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsinIrelandhasresultedintheuseofplasticshoppingbagsbeingreducedby900/0injustsixmonths.Priortothe15eurocentperbagtax,itwasestimatedthat1.2millionplasticshoppingbagswerebeinghandedoutinIrelandperyear.Themoneyraisedfromthetaxwillbeusedtofundenvironmentalinitiatives.
Whileanythingthatlowersourconsumptionisgood,whywaituntilwe'
rehitfinanciallybeforewechangeourhabitswhenchangesaren'
tdifficulttomake?
Howabouttakingpreviouslyusedbagswithyounexttimeyougototheshops?
Orevenbetter--turnbacktimeanddoasgrandmadidandtakeabamboobasketwithyoueverytimeyougoshopping.Shop-ownerswouldratheryouusetheirbagsasthey'
reaconvenientandcheapformofadvertising,butwhat'
smoreimportant,shareholderprofitsortheenvironment?
Plasticbagscanbere-cycledalthoughonlyaboutoneinevery200everfindsitswaytoare-cyclingunit.Findoutifthere'
sare-cyclingbinnearyouand,ifnot,askyourlocalauthorityforone.
{{B}}GreenhouseGases{{/B}}
Somecountrieshaveintroducedso-called"
environmentallyfriendlyplasticbags"
thatarebiodegradable(可生物降解).Thesebagstakeaboutthreeyearstobreakdownintopracticallynothingandwhilethatsoundslikeanattractivesolution,thetruthisthattheprocessofbreakingdownthesepetrol-basedbagscausescarbontobecomemethane(甲烷)whichisagreenhousegas.
It'
salsopossibletoget"
plastic"
bagsmanufacturedfromcorn.Thesebreakdownveryquicklyandgiveoffnomoremethanethananyothercornproductonlandfillsites.Unfortunately,they'
remoreexpensivetoproduceandfewshopsusethem.
{{B}}GarbageBins{{/B}}
Onequestionthat'
softenraisedinconnectionwiththeplasticbagdilemmaiswhatshouldbeusedtolinebinsifnotplasticbags?
Toanswerthat,let'
sgobackintimetowhenplasticbagswereyettobecomecommonplace.Whatdidwedoe.
Forone,wehadfarlessgarbage.Goodshadmuchlesspackagingthanisthecasetodaysowedidn'
tfillourbinsasquickly.Peelings,eggshells,teabagsandcoffeegroundswereallusedascompost(肥料)forcrops,aswasanypaperthatwasn'
tneededforlightingfires.Whatwasleftwentintoanunlinedbinwithanythingdirtyorwetbeingwrappedinnewspaperfirst.
Ifwechoosecarefullywhenshoppingsoasnottobringhomemorepackagingthannecessary--there'
sreallynopointinbringingithomejusttothrowitstraightinthebinwhenweunpack,theamountofwastethatgoesintothekitchenbinwillbehalved,atleast.
{{B}}IndividualEffort{{/B}}
Byrefusingtouseplasticbags,youcanmakeahugedifferencetothepollutionproblem.Rememberthateachpersonusesabout83bagsayear.Iftherearefourpeopleinyourfamily,that'
s332plasticbagslesseveryyear.That'
s332bagslessthatwill:
--releasetoxinsintothegroundwaterfromlandfillsites
--stayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears
--getintothefoodchainthroughanimals
--wasteenergyduringthemanufacturingprocess
--killanyoftheestimated100,000marineanimalsthatdieeachyearofplasticpollution
Theseareall-importantfactorsthathaveaprofoundeffectonourenvironmentandthecreaturesweshareourplanetwith.Shouldwereallyputourownselfishneedsbeforetheneedsofeverythingaroundusnowandthelivesoffuturegenerations?
That'
suptoyoutodecide.
(1).Thepassagemainlydiscussesthefactorsleadingtoplasticbagpollution..(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________
(正确答案:
N)
全文主旨题。
浏览各小标题可知,本文不仅分析了塑料袋的化学成分及其对环境造成的危害,还着重讨论了塑料袋污染的应对措施。
(2).Manyfood-carryingbags,madefromhighdensitypolyethylene,areextremelydifficulttorecycle.(分数:
参见“ProductionofPlasticBags”部分第二段。
(3).Theplasticbagswerefirstproducedinthe1970sandgrewincreasinglypopularsincethe1980s.(分数:
NG)
本文第一句提到塑料袋自20世纪80年代开始普及(...sincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s),但并未指出一定是在20世纪?
0年代开始第一次生产。
(4).Discardedplasticbagsmaybecomehorribleserialkillersforanimalsbecauseoftheirincrediblyslo
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