最新人教版选修9高中英语unit 2 sailing the oceans单元学案及答案Word文件下载.docx
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最新人教版选修9高中英语unit 2 sailing the oceans单元学案及答案Word文件下载.docx
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Tohelpstudentslearnaboutthepredicate
Procedures
■Warmingupbyleaningaboutnavigator
Whatisanavigator?
Anavigatoristhepersononboardashipresponsibleforthenavigationofthevessel.Onaircraft,thepositionmayalsobereferredtoasaflightofficer.Thenavigator'
sresponsibilitiesincludeplanningthejourney,advisingthecaptain(orpilot)whileenroute,andensuringthathazardsorobstaclesareavoided.
Whatisexploration?
Explorationistheactofsearchingortravelingforthepurposeofdiscovery,e.g.ofunknownregions,includingspace(spaceexploration),oroil,gas,coal,ores,water(alsoknownasprospecting),orinformation.
Explorationhasexistedaslongashumanbeings,butitspeakisseenasbeingduringtheAgeofExplorationwhenEuropeannavigatorstravelledaroundtheworld.
Inscientificresearch,e
xplorationisoneofthreepurposesofresearch(theothertwobeingdescriptionandexplanation).Explorationistheattempttodevelopaninitial,roughunderstandingofsomephenomenon.
■WarmingupbytalkingaboutZhengHe'
sSevenVoyages
InJuly11,1405,theeunuchZhengHeoftheMingDynastyroyalcourtsetoutonhisfirstoverseasvoyage.
Inthefollowing28years,thisnavigatorproceededtocarryoutsixmorevoyages,accompaniedbyahugeentourageofnearly30,000people.BytravelingthroughoutSoutheastAsia,andaroundtheIndianOceanto
theRedSeaandEastAfrica,healsolandedatoverthirtydifferentnations.
Hewastheearliestlargestscalenavigationinworldhistory,comingmorethanhalfacentury
earlierthanColumbus'
famousexploits...
■Warmingupbylookingandlistening
Hello,class.Doyouknowthisman?
Yes,heisMarcoPolo.
MarcoPolo(1254-1324),isprobablythemostfamousWesternertraveledontheSilkRoad.Heexcelledalltheothertravelersinhisdetermination,hiswriting,andhisinfluence.HisjourneythroughAsialasted24years.Hereachedfurtherthananyofhispredecessors,beyondMongoliatoChina.HebecameaconfidantofKublaiKhan(1214-1294).HetraveledthewholeofChinaandreturnedtotellthetale,whichbecamethegreatesttravelogue.
I.Pre-reading
Whatarenavigationalinstruments?
●Navigationalinstrumentswerebuiltintheageofexplorationtoguidetheexplorerstotheir
destinations.
●navigationalinstrument-aninstrumentusedfornavigating
◇artificialhorizon,flightindicator,gyrohorizon-anavigationalinstrument
basedonagyroscope;
providesanartificialhorizonforthepilot
◇compass-navigationalinstrumentforfindingdirections
◇depthfinder-navigationalinstrumentusedtomeasurethedepthofabodyofwater(asbyultrasoundorradar)
◇inclinometer-aninstrumentshowingtheanglethatanaircraftmakeswiththehorizon
◇instrument-adevicethatrequiresskillforproperuse
◇asdic,echosounder,sonar-ameasuringinstrumentthatsendsoutanacousticpulseinwaterandmeasuresdistancesintermsofthetimefortheechoofthepulsetoreturn;
sonarisanacronymforsoundnavigationranging;
asdicisanacronymforanti-submarinedetectionin
vestigationcommittee
II.Readingforforms
ReadthetextSAILINGTHEOCEANSonpage12to:
cut/thesentenceintothoughtgroups,blackenthepredicative,darkentheconnectivesandunderlinealltheusefulexpressions.
SAILINGTHEOCEANS
Wemaywellwonder/howseamenexploredtheoceans/beforelatitude/andlongitudemadeitpossible/toplotaship'
sposition/onamap.Thevoyagesoftravelers/beforethe17thcentury/showthat/theywerenotatthemercyofthesea/eventhoughtheydidnothavemodernnavigationalaids.So/howdidtheynavigatesowell?
Readthesepages/fromanencyclopedia.
Pagel:
Usingnaturetohelp
Keepingalongsidethecoastline
Thisseemstohavebeenthefirst/andmostusefulformofexploration/whichcarriedtheminimumamountofrisk.
Usingcelestialbodies
NorthStar
AttheNorthPole/theNorthStarisatitshighestposition/inthesky,butattheequator/itisalongthehorizon.So/accomplishednavigatorswereabletouseit/toplottheirpositions.
Sun
Onaclearday/especiallyduringthesummer/thesailorscouldusethesun/overhead/atmiddaytonavigateby.Theycanusetheheightofthesun/toworkouttheirlatitude.
Clouds
Seacaptainsobservedtheclouds/overislands.Thereisaspecialcloudformation/whichindicates/thereisland/closeby.
Usingwildlife
Seaweed
Sailorsoftensawseaweed/inthesea/andcouldtell/bythecolour/andsmell/howlongithadbeenthere.Ifitwasflesh/andsmelledstrongly,then/theshipwasclosetoland.
Birds
Seabirdscouldbeusedtoshowtheway/toland/whenitwasnowheretobeseen.Intheevening/nestingbirdsreturntoland/andtheirnests.So/seamencouldfollowthebirds/toland/eveniftheywereoffshore/andintheopensea.
Usingtheweather
Fog
Foggathersatsea/aswellasoverstreams/orrivers.Seamenusedit/tohelpidentifythepositionofastream/orriver/whentheywereclosetoland.
Winds
Wiseseamenusedthewinds/todirecttheirsailing.Theycouldacceleratethespeed,buttheycouldalsobedangerous.So/theVikingswouldobservethewinds/before/andduringtheiroutward/orreturnjourneys.
Usingthesea
Certaintides/andcurrentscouldbeused/byskillfulsailors/tocarryships/totheirdestination.
Theseskillshelpedsailors/exploretheseas/anddiscovernewlands.Theyincreasedtheirability/tonavigatenewseas/whentheyusedinstruments.
page2:
Usingnavigationalinstrumentstohelp
Findinglongitude
Therewasnosecuremethodofmeasuringlongitude/untilthe17thcentury/whentheBritishsolvedthistheoreticalproblem.Nobodyknewthat/theearthmovedwestwards/15degrees/everyhour,butsailorsdidknowanapproximatemethodofcalculatinglongitude/usingspeed/andtime.Anearlyme
thodofmeasuringspeed/involvedthrowingaknottedrope/tiedtoalog/overthesideoftheship.Theropewastiedtoalog/whichwasthen/thrownintothesea.Astheshipadvancedthroughthewater/theknotswerecounted/astheypassedthroughaseaman’shands.Thenumberofknots/thatwerecounted/duringafixedperiodoftime/gavethespeedoftheship/innauticalmiles/perhour.Later,whenseamenbegantousethecompass/inthe12thcentury/theycouldcalculatelongitude/usingcomplicatedmathematicaltables.Thecompasshasaspe
cialmagneticpointer/whichalwaysindicatestheNorthPole,so/itisusedtohelpfindthedirection/thattheshipneedstogo.Inthisway/theshipcouldsetastraightcourse/eveninthemiddleoftheocean.
Findinglatitude
TheBearingCircle
Itwasthefirstinstrument/tomeasurethesun'
sposition.Aseamanwouldmeasurethesun’sshadow/andcompareit/withtheheightofthesun/atmidday.Then/hecouldtellifhewassailingonhiscorrect/ratherthanarandomcourse.
TheAstrolabe
Theastrolabe,quadrant/andsextantareallconnected.Theyaredevelopments/ofoneanother.Theearliest,theastrolabe,wasaspecialall-in-onetool/fortellingthepositionoftheship/inrelationtothesun/andvariousstars/whichcoveredthewh
olesky.Thisgavetheseamen/thelocaltime/andallowedthem/tofindtheirlatitude/atsea.However,itwasawkward/touse/asoneofthepointsofreference/wasthemovingshipitself.
TheQuadrant
Thiswasamoreprecise/andsimplifiedversionoftheastrolabe.Itmeasuredhowhighstarswereabovethehoriz
on/usingaquartercircle/ratherthanthefullcircleoftheastrolabe.Itwaseasiertohandle/becauseitwasmore
portable.Itsshortcomingwasthatitstillusedthemovingship/asoneofthefixedpointsofreference.Astheshiprose/andplunged/inthewaves,itwasextremelydifficult/tobeaccurate/withanyreading.
Thesextant
Thesextantwastheupdatedversion/oftheastrolabe/andquadrant/whichreducedthetendency/tomakemistakes.Itprovedtobethemostaccurate/andreliableoftheseearlynavigationalinstruments.Itworksbymeasuringtheangle
/betweentwofixedobjects/outsidetheship/usingtwomirrors.Thismadethecalculationsmoreprecise/andeasiertodo.
III.Copyingusefulexpressionsandmakingsentences
Youaregoingtocopyinyournotebookalltheusefulexpressionsandmakesentencesofyourownwiththem.
sailtheoceans,exploretheoceans,plotaship'
spositiononamap,thevoyagesoftravelers,beforethe17thcentury,atthemercyof…,havemodernnavigationalaids,readthesepagesfromanencyclopedia
usenaturetohelp,keepalongsidethecoastline,seemtohavebeen…,thefirstandmostusefulformofexploration,carrytheminimumamountofrisk
usecelestialbodies,NorthStar,attheNorthPole,atitshighestpositioninthesky,attheequator,alongthehorizon,accomplishednavigators,beabletouse…toplottheirpositions,onaclearday,duringthesummer,usethesunoverheadatmiddaytonavigateby,usetheheightofthesuntoworkouttheirlatitude,observethecloudsoverislands,aspecialcloudformation,landcloseby
usewildlife,seeseaweedinthesea,tell…bythecolourandsmell,fleshandsmelledstrongly,closetoland,useseabirdstoshowthewaytoland,intheevening,nestingbirds,returntolandandtheirnests,followthebirdstoland,intheopensea
useweather,gatheratsea,aswellasoverstreamsorrivers,identifythepositionofastreamorriver,closetoland,usethewindstodirectone’ssailing,acceleratethespeed,observethewinds,beforeandduringone’sou
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