美国文学史及选读期末复习题.docx
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美国文学史及选读期末复习题.docx
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1.CaptainJohnSmithbecamethefirstAmericanwriter.
2.Thepuritanslookeduponthemselvesasachosenpeople.
3.ThefirstmajorintellectualspokesmanoftheMassachusettsBaycolonywasJohnCotton,sometimescalled“thePatriarchofNewEngland.”
4.AnneBradstreetpublishedTheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica,andshewasnicknamedthetenthMuse.
5.PoorRichard’sAlmanacisanannualcollectionofproverbswrittenbyBenjaminFranklin.
6.ThomasPaine’sfamouspamphletCommonSenseboldlyadvocateda“DeclarationforIndependence”.
7.ThomasJeffersondraftedtheDeclarationofIndependencewithJohnAdams,BenjaminFranklin,RogerSherman,andRobertLivingston.
8.PhilipFreneaudevelopedanatural,simple,andconcretediction,bestillustratedinsuchnaturelyricsas“TheWildHoneySuckle”and“TheIndianBuryingGround”.
9.PhilipFreneauhasbeencalledthe“FatherofAmericanPoetry”.
10.InWashingtonIrving’sSketchBookappearedthefirstmodernshortstoriesandthefirstgreatAmericanjuvenileliterature.
11.Cooper’senduringfamerestsonhisfrontierstories,especiallythefivenovelsthatcomprisetheLeatherstockingtales.
12.“ToaWaterfowl”isperhapsthepeakofWilliamCullenBryant’swok.
13.“Thanatopsis”,WilliamCullenBryant’sbest-knownpoem,consistsoffourstanzasiniambictetrameterabab.Thetitlemeans“viewofdeath”.
14.EdgarAllanPoeisconsidered“fatherofAmericandetectivestoriesandAmericangothicstories”.
15.Emersonbelievedaboveallinindividualism,independenceofmind,andself-reliance.
16.InWalden,Thoreauthoughtitbetterforamantoworkonedayaweekandrestsix,andtherestofthetimecouldbedevotedtothought.
17.Hawthorne’sstoriestouchthedeepestrootsofman’smoralnature.
18.MobyDickisatremendouschronicleofawhalingvoyageinpursuitofaseeminglysupernaturalwhitewhale.
19.Afterhisdeath,LongfellowbecametheonlyAmericantobehonoredwithabustinthePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey.
20.HarrietBeecherStowe,theauthorofUncleTom’sCabin,hadbecomeanAmericaninstitutionandthemostfamousliterarywomanintheworld.
21.WilliamDeanHowellsfoundhissubjectmatterintheexperiencesoftheAmericanmiddleclass.
22.WilliamDeanHowellscalledforthetreatmentofthe“smilingaspectsoflife”asbeingthemore“American.”
23.Thenaturalistsemphasizedthattheworldwasamoral,thatmenandwomenhadnofreewill,thattheirliveswerecontrolledbyheredityandtheenvironment.
24.ThepoeticstyleWaltWhitmandevisedisnowcalledfreeverse.
25.O·Henry’sstoriesareusuallyshortandinteresting;Famousfortheirsurprisingend.
26.HenryJamesisfamousforhisinternationalthemeofthetraditionlessAmericanconfronting
thecomplexityofEuropeanlife.
27.JackLondonbelievedintheinevitabletriumphofthestrongestindividuals.
28.Dreiser’sgreatestandmostsuccessfulnovel,AnAmericanTragedy,isaboutayoungman
whoactsasiftheonlywayhecanbetrulyfulfilledisbyacquiringwealth—throughmarriageifnecessary.
29.Writersofthefirstpostwareraself-consciouslyacknowledgedthattheywerea“LostGeneration,”devoidoffaithandalienatedfromacivilization.
30.WallaceStevens’workisprimarilymotivatedbythebeliefthat“ideasoforder”.
31.WiththepublicationofTheSunAlsoRises,HemingwaybecamethespokesmanforwhatGertrudeSteinhadcalled“alostgeneration.”
Terms
1.Transcendentalism
TranscendentalismreferstothereligiousandphilosophicaldoctrinesofRalphWaldoEmersonandothersinNewEnglandinthemiddle1800’s,whichemphasizedtheimportanceofindividualinspirationandintuition,theOversoul,andNature.OtherconceptsthataccompaniedTranscendentalismincludetheideathatnatureisennoblingandtheideathattheindividualisdivineand,therefore,self-reliant.NewEnglandTranscendentalismistheproductofacombinationofnativeAmericanPuritanismandEuropeanRomanticism.
2.Naturalism
Naturalism,amoredeliberatekindofrealism,usuallyinvolvesaviewofhumanbeingsaspassivevictimsofnaturalforcesandsocialenvironment.Asaliterarymovement,naturalismwasinitiatedinFranceanditcametobeledbyZola,whoclaimedat“scientific”statusforhisstudiesofimpoverishedcharactersmiserablysubjectedtohunger,sexualobsession,andhereditarydefects.Naturalfictionaspiredtoasociologicalobjectivity,offeringdetailedandfullyresearchedinvestigationsintounexploredcornersofmodernsociety.ThemostsignificantworkofnaturalisminEnglishbeingDreiser’sSisterCarrie.
3.AmericanDream
TheAmericanDreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courageanddeterminationonecanachieveabetterlifeforoneself,usuallythroughfinancialprosperity.Thesewerevaluesheldbymanyearly
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