职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Word下载.docx
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职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Word下载.docx
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3Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.
AfaithfulBroyal
CgenuineDsincere
4Manyeconomistshavegivenintothefatallureofmathematics.
AattractionBsimplicity
CpowerDrigor
5Tenyearsaftertheevent,herdeathstillremainsapuzzle.
AmistBfog
CmysteryDsecret
6Johnwasirritatedbythenecessityforpoliteconversation,
AannoyedBtroubled
CangeredDaroused
7Academicrecordscannotbeduplicated.
AborrowedBpurchased
CrewrittenDcopied
8Theemphasisontheimportanceofeducationhasspurredscientificresearch
AfastenedBencouraged
CraisedDinitiated
9Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney
AsomeBlittle
CextraDenough
10Thedoctor'
spillsworkedmarvelsforme.
ApatientsBmiracles
CillnessDrecovery
11Mary'
sperpetualmoaningnearlydrovememad.
AmonotonousBendless
CseriousDbitter
12Itwashardtosaywhythemandeservedsuchshabbytreatment
AoldBunforgettable
CfunnyDunfair
13Youdidn'
tadheretotheseprinciples.
AfollowBorder
CproveDhandle
14Thefarmersalsowanttousethewatertoirrigatethebarrenland.
AemptyBhairless
CbareDsmooth
15Anyonewhowantstoapplyforaloanneedreadthefollowingspecifications.
AexpressionsBwarnings
CinstructionsDadvertisements
第2部分:
阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)
下面的短文后列出了7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:
如果该句提供的是正确信息,请选择A;
如果该句提供的是错误信息,请选择B;
如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C.
Water-theIssueofThisCentury
Theworldisrunningshortoffreshwater.PopulationsaregrowingbiggerandThirstier(渴的),withtheresultthatfreshwaterisbecomingincreasinglyscarce(缺乏)。
Halftheworld'
swetlandshavedisappearedduringthelastcentury,whileestimatessuggestthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.
TheWorldBankreportestimatesthatasmuchashalfoftheworld'
spopulation,concentratedinAfrica,theMiddleEastandsouthAsia,willface'
severewatershortages'
by2025.Localwaterconflictsandthelossoffreshwaterecosystemsappearlargeinsomeregions.
Asimilarpictureemergesfromtheglobe'
ssaltwaterregions.Three-quartersoftheworld'
speoplemaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025,puttingevenmorepressureonstretchedcoastalecosystems.Twothirdsoffisheries(渔业)areexploitedatorbeyondtheirsustainablelimits,andhalftheworld'
scoralreefs(珊瑚礁)mayperishin100years.Almost60%ofcoralreefsand34%offishspeciesareatriskfromhumanactivities,theBanksays.
Thereportconcludesthatthereisampleevidencetojustifyimmediateandcoordinatedactiontosafeguardsuppliesandusewatermoreefficiently.
Freshwaterconsumptionisrisingquickly,andtheavailabilityofwaterinsomeregionsislikelytobecomeoneofthemostpressingissuesofthe21stcentury.
Athirdoftheworld'
spopulation-aroundtwobillionpeople-liveincountriesthatareexperiencingmoderatetohighwatershortages.Thatproportioncouldrisetohalformoreinthenext30yearsunlessinstitutions(制度)changetoensurebetterconservationandallocationofwater.
Chinaisonecountrywheretheportents(征兆)aregloomy.Themostwater-stressedcountryinEastAsia,Chinaisexploiting44%ofitsusablewater,afigureprojectedtoriseto60%by2020.Primarywithdrawalofwaterofmorethan60%iswidelyconsideredbywaterexpertstoexceedtheenvironmentalcarryingcapacityofariverbasinsystem.AlthoughChina'
stotaluseappearsstilltobereasonable,ithasseveralbasinsthatareseverelystressedenvironmentally.
WithdrawalsexceedenvironmentallimitsinAfghanistanandPakistan,andwillexceedtheminIndiaby2020.IntheMiddleEastandNorthAfrica,onlyMoroccohasunexploitedwaterresources.Theresthaveexceededenvironmentallimitsandmanyareminingaquifers(蓄水层)-bodiesofwater-bearingrock-thereportsays.
16Itisestimatedthatwaterusewillriseby50%inthenext30years.
ARightBWrongCNotmentioned
17Mostdevelopedcountrieswillfacewatershortagesin20years.
18Mostoftheworld'
spopulationmaylivewithin100kmoftheseain2025.
19Almostallcoralreefsmaydisappearin100years.
20SomespeciesoffishintheAtlanticareatdangerouslylowlevels.
21TheWorldBankreportimpliesthaturgentactionshouldbetakentoprotectwatersupplies.
22Indiaexceedsenvironmentallimitsforwateruse.
第3部分:
概括大意与完成句子(第23~30题,每题1分,共8分)
下面的短文后有2项测试任务:
(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1~4段每段1选择个最佳标题;
(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。
Chimpanzees
1Chimpanzees(黑猩猩)willsoonbeextinct(灭绝)。
Ifthepresentrateofhuntingandhabitat(栖息地)destructioncontinues,thenwithin20years,therewillbenochimpanzeeslivinginthewild.Butthisismorethananenvironmentalormoraltragedy(悲剧)。
Chimpanzeeextinctionmayalsohaveprofoundimplications(含意)forthesurvivaloftheirdistantrelatives-humanbeings.
2In1975thebiologistMarie-ClaireKingandAllanWilsondiscoveredthatthehumanandchimpanzeegenomes(基因组)matchbyover98%.Comparethistothemouse,usedasmodelforhumandiseaseinlabtests,whichsharesonly60%ofitsDNAwithus.Infact,chimpanzeesarefarmoresimilartohumansthantheyaretoanyotherspeciesofmonkey.Aswellasresemblingusgenetically,chimpsarehighlyintelligentandabletousetools.Thesefactsaloneshouldbeenoughtomakeprotectionofchimpsanurgentpriority(优先)。
Butthereisanother,moreselfishreasontopreservethechimp.
3Thechimpanzees'
trumpcard(王牌)comesinthefieldofmedicalresearch.Chimpanzeesaresosimilartohumansthatveterinarians(兽医)oftenrefertohumanmedicaltextbookswhentreatingthem.Yetchimpanzeesdoshowdifferencesinseveralkeyareas.Inparticular,chimpsaremuchmoreresistanttoanumberofmajordiseases.Itisthisabilitythatissointeresting.
4Forexample,chimpsseemtoshowamuchhigherresistancethanhumanstoHIV,thevirusthatcausesAIDS.Indeed,theiruseasexperimentalanimalsinAIDSresearchhasdeclinedbecausetheyaresoresistant.
5Bysequencingthechimpgenomeandpinpointing(找到)theplacewherethechimpanzeeDNAsequencediffersfromthatofhumans,scientistshopetobeabletodiscoverwhichpartofthegeneticcodegiveschimpstheirincreasedresistancetosomediseases.This,theyhope,willallowthemtodevelopnewandmoreeffectivetreatmentsforthehumanformsofthesediseases.Suchtreatmentscouldincludetheproductionofnewdrugsoreventhealteration(改变)ofthehumangeneticsequence.Therecentlycompletedhumangenomesequencingprojecthasshownthatsuchaneffortisnowwellwithinourreach.
23Paragraph1。
24Paragraph2。
25Paragraph3。
26Paragraph4。
AReasonsforHIVresistance
BImplicationsofchimpanzeeextinctionforhumans
CEffectiveAIDStreatment
DGeneticsimilaritiesbetweenchimpsandhumans
EChimps'
resistancetoHIV
FGeneticdifferencesbetweenchimpsand“humans
27Chimpanzeeextinctionmayaffect。
28Thereisadifferenceoflessthan2%betweenthechimpand。
29Scientistssuspectthatgenesplayasignificantroleinprotectingchimpsfromgetting。
30Thediscoveryofthegeneticcodeofchimpswillbehelpfulto。
Asomehumandiseasetreatments
Bsomediseases
Chumansurvival
Dhumangenomes
Ekeyareas
Fhealthierlifestyle
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容,为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇YouthEmancipationinSpain
TheSpanishGovernmentissoworriedaboutthenumberofyoungadultsstilllivingwiththeirparentsthatithasdecidedtohelpthemleavethenest.
Around55percentofpeopleaged18-34inSpainstillsleepintheirparents'
homes,saysthelatestreportfromthecountry'
sstate-runInstituteofYouth.
Tocoax(劝诱)youngpeoplefromtheirhomes,theInstitutestarteda"
YouthEmancipation(解放)"
programthismonth.Theprogramoffersguidanceinfindingroomsandjobs.
Economistsblameyoungpeople'
sfamilydependenceontheprecarious(不稳定的)labormarketandincreasinghousingprices.Housingpriceshaverisen17percentayearsince2000.
Culturalreasonsalsocontributetotheproblem,saysociologists(社会学家).FamilytiesinsouthEurope-Italy,PortugalandGreece-arestrongerthanthoseinmiddleandnorthEurope,saidSpanishsociologistAlmudenaMorenoMinguezinherreport"
TheLateEmancipationofSpanishYouth:
KeyforUnderstanding"
.
"
Ingeneral,youngpeopleinSpainfirmlybelieveinthefamilyasthemainbodyaroundwhichtheirprivatelifeisorganized,"
saidMinguez.
InSpain-especiallyinthecountryside,itisnotuncommontofindentiregroupsofaunts,uncles,cousins,niecesandnephews(外侄/侄子)alllivingonthesamestreet.TheyregularlygettogetherforSundaydinner.
Parents'
toleranceisanotherfactor.Spanishparentsacceptlate-nightpartyingandarewaryofsettingbedtimerules.
"
Achildcanarrivehomeatwhatevertimehewants.Ifparentscomplainhe'
llputupafightandcallthefatherafascist,"
saidJoseAntonioGomezYanez,asociologistatCarlosIIIUniversityinMadrid.
Mothers'
willingnesstodochildren'
shouseholdchores(家务)w
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