湖北省咸宁市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题Word格式.docx
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湖北省咸宁市学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题Word格式.docx
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一、阅读理解
APrivateDayTripinWuhanandYinshuiCave
Trip.comisyourreliableguidetoawonderfultravel.AllowustotakeyouaroundsomeofthefantasticviewsoftheWorld.CheckoutTrip.comtogiveyourselfthecompletepicture!
Tour1TheYellowCraneTower
At8:
00am,yourguidewillmeetyouatyourhotelandyouwillbetransferredbytheprivatevehicletotheYellowCraneTower.
TheYellowCraneTowerisregardedasthesymbolofWuhancity,locatedontheSnakeHillinWuchang,whichisoneofthe“ThreeFamousTowersSouthofYangtzeRiver”.YoumayclimbuptothetowerandenjoypanoramicviewoftheYangtzeRiver.
Tour2HubeiProvincialMuseum
Ifyoulikehistory,thisisthebestplacetovisit.Itisthecenterforcollecting,studying,preservinganddisplayinghistoricalandculturalrelicsinHubei.
Theserelicsprovidepreciousmaterialdataforstudyingthedevelopmentofhistory,culture,art,scienceandmusicinancientChina.ThemostimportantistheSerialBellsshow.
Tour3YinshuiCaveGeopark
Afterthelunch,youwilltakeaprivatevehicleforabout1.5hourstoLiujiaqiaoVillagefirstlythatislivingareaforover9000villagers,andtheirancestorswerefromtheroyalfamilyofHanDynasty2000yearsago.Afterwardsyouwillvisitthelastspot,theYinshuiCaveGeopark.This5180-metercavehastwoundergroundrivers,andthereareimpressivestalagmite,stalactite,waterfall,androcksetcinthecave.LateryouwillbetransferredbacktoyourhotelinWuhanwherethisdaytourconcludes.
PriceIncludes
Professionalguide
Transportbyprivatevehicle
Bottledwater
PriceExcludes
Travelinsurance
Breakfasts,lunchesandsuppers
Tipsorgratuitiesforguideanddriver
1.IfyouareinterestedinknowingaboutChinesemusicalinstruments,youmayvisit________.
A.HubeiProvincialMuseumB.TheYellowCraneTower
C.TiujiaqiaoVillageD.YinshuiCaveGeopark
2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTincludedinthetravelingexpenses?
A.tourguideB.drinkingwater
C.freemealD.privatevehicle
3.Wherecanyoumostprobablyreadthispassage?
A.inanovelB.ontheinternet
C.onTVD.inareport
WhenIwas12yearsold,Ialreadyknewthatmyteenyearsweregoingtobetheworstyearsofmylife.Iwasatotaloutsiderandbullied(欺凌)atschool.Ifeltcompletelyaloneinmysmalltown.
ButbystartingtodovolunteerworkwhenIwas14,Iturnedmyproblemintoapassionforhelpingothers.Theopportunitytopracticekindnessmademefeellikemylifehadagreaterpurpose.ThemorepositiveenergyIshared,themorekindnessandappreciationIreceived.Irealizedthatmypurposeinlifewouldbetoreachouttopeople,specificallyteenagers,andhelpthemfeellessalone.
Booksweremytruefriendsbackthen.Iwassothankfulthattheauthorswrotethosebooks.Thekindnesstheyofferedmewiththeirbookssavedmylife.OneofmybiggestdreamswastobecomeanauthorsoIcouldwritebooksthatwouldhelpotherteenagersthewaythosebookshelpedme.
Aftersurvivingterribleexperiencesatschoolandathome,Imadeachoicetotaketheoptimistic,positiveroadinthenextstepsofmyjourney.Mydreamcareer,oneIthoughtwasonlypossiblefortheauthorsIloved,iswhatIamdoingnow.Ihavebeenafull-timeauthorofteennovelssince2007andamgratefulforthisamazingopportunitytoreachouttoreaderseverysingleday.
KindnesssavedmewhenIneededhelpthemost.Evensmallactsofkindnesscanchangesomeone’slife.Youneverknowwhatsomeoneelseisgoingthrough.Butbypracticingdailykindness,youbecomeanarchitectofpositivechange.
4.Whathappenedtotheauthorwhenhewas12yearsold?
A.Hetookpartinvolunteerwork.B.Hedroppedoutofschool.
C.Hebecameafull-timewriter.D.Hesufferedschoolbullying.
5.Whatdidtheauthorgainthroughthevolunteerwork?
A.Itmadehimpopularinhistown.
B.Ithelpedhimmakemorefriends.
C.Ithelpedhimunderstandthemeaningoflife.
D.Ithelpedtoshapehisdreamcareer.
6.Whydidtheauthorchoosewritingashiscareer?
A.Hewasinspiredbyotherteenagers.
B.Hewantedtomakeapositivedifferencetothelivesofteenagers.
C.Hewantedtobecomefamous.
D.Hefoundhehadatalentforwriting.
7.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A.Say“no”tobulliesbravelyB.Myloveforbooks
C.ThepowerofkindnessD.Mydreamforwriting
Constantworryandtensioncancauseonetosufferhairloss.Itwouldmakesensethatifitcancausethisproblem,perhapsitalsomaycontributetograying.However,thereisnosoundevidencetosupportthis.Mainfactorsingrayhairwerethoughttobeage,stress,environmentandimproperdiet.
Inaddition,geneticsisaverypowerfulfactor,ifoneofyourparentsturnsgrayatanearlyage,thereisagoodchancethatyouwilltoo.TheteamledbyProfessorAndresRuiz-LinaresatUniversityCollegeLondonanalyzedDNAsamplesofmorethan6,000volunteersinBrazil,Colombia,Chile,MexicoandPeru.ItidentifiedagenecalledIRF4thatisresponsibleforgrayhair.Hesaidthemostimportantreasonsforgrayhairaregenesratherthanotherinfluences.Thisnewfoundgenemeansthatpreventingorevenreversinggrayhairisnowapossibility.
Butmostscientiststhinkthattheanswerforgrayhaircomesfromthecellsinyourhair.Thesearewhatdeterminethecolorand,eventually,thefadetogrey.Yourhairismadeupofcellscalledmelanocyteswhichproducepigments(色素)astheygrowintothehairfiber.Ourhaircolorisdeterminedbytheamountofmelanin(黑色素)inourbody.Themoremelaninapersonhas,thedarkerhisorherhaircolor.
Therearetwodifferenttypesofmelanins:
eumelanins(真黑色素)andpheomelanins(类黑色素).Theformerproducesblackandbrownpigments,whilethelatterproducesredandyellowpigments.Theexactamountofthesepigmentsdetermineswhetherapersonhasblack,brown,blondeoryellowhair.Asweage,theabilityofthemelanocytestoproducemorepigmentsweakens.
Scientistsarecontinuingtotryandfindwaystopreventgrayinghair.AteamofscientistsinFranceisworkingtotryandstopthemelanocytesfrombeingdamagedattheendofeachhaircycle.Theyaretryingtouseaspecialenzymetoprotectthecellsfromdamage.Ifsuccessful,itcouldleadthewayfornewproductsthatkeepourlocksfullofcolorforyearstocome.
8.WhatmightplaythemostimportantroleinthegrayingprocessaccordingtoAndresRuiz-Linares?
A.geneticsofhumanbeings
B.constantworryandtension
C.theamountoffoodpeopleeatandlivingenvironment
D.theamountofpigment
9.Whatdoweknowaboutyellowhair?
A.Itwillturnblackaspeoplegetolder.
B.Theamountofpigmentsinitdoesn’tchangeovertime.
C.Itcontainsmorepheomelaninsthaneumelanins.
D.Peoplewithyellowhairhaveweakerabilitytoproducepigments.
10.WhatdothescientistsfromFranceaimtodo?
A.Torepairdamagedhairs.
B.Toshortenthehaircycle.
C.Toprotecthaircellsagainstdamage.
D.Tostudytherelationshipbetweenhealthandhaircolor.
11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“locks”inthelastparagraphprobablyreferto?
A.melanocytesB.hairs
C.cellsD.pigments
Artificialintelligenceissettobenefitmankindinmanyways.Itwillmakeeverydaytaskseasierandbringefficiencytovariousindustries.Itmightjustprovetobeoneofman’sgreatestinventions.Andyet,likeanyothertechnology,AIwillalsobringrisksanddangers.WhenpeoplementionthatAIcouldbedangerous,mostpeoplethinkofscenariosfrommoviesorbookswhereanAIprogramdecidestoeliminateorconquerallhumans.
InFebruary2018,agroupofAIexpertsgottogethertodiscussthepotentialmisuseofAI.TheirmainconcernwasthatcriminalscoulduseAIforavarietyofevilpurposes.SomeonecanuseAItocreatewebsitesthatcouldbeusedtostealpeople’spersonalinformation.Anotherpotentialriskisfasterhacking—AIprogramscouldbetaughttofindloopholesinsoftwareandbreakintosecurecomputersystems.Someoftheriskswereasdramaticastheonesweseeinbooksandmovies.Forexample,theexpertsmentionedautomatedterrorism(自动化的恐怖主义)byusingdronesorunmannedvehiclesasweapons.RemoteattacksusingsuchdevicescouldbemadeeasierthroughtheuseofAI.
Andfinally,thereweresomeconcernsonthefactthatAIcanmimicvoicesaswell.LastyearUSfilmmakerJordanPeeleteamedupwithBuzzFeedwebsitetomakeamovieusingAItechniquestocopyformerUSpresidentBarackObama’svoice.They“had”himvoicehisopinionsonthe2017movieBlackPantherandcurrentUSPresidentDonaldTrump.WhileinChina,techgiantBaidu,hasalsodevelopedaprogramcalledDeepVoicethatcan“copy”anyone’svoicebyanalyzinga3.7-secondaudiosample.
FamousBritishphysicistStephenHawkingeventhoughtAIcouldbetheworsteventinthehistoryofourcivilization.“Oncehumansdevelopartificialintelligence,itwilltakeoffandredesignitselfatanalarmingrate.Humanscouldn’tcompeteandwouldbesuperseded,hetoldtheBBC.However,Hawkingsuggested“IbelievewecancreateAIforthegoodoftheworld.Wesimplyneedtobeawareofthedangers,identifythem,employthebestpossiblepracticeandmanagement,andprepareforitsconsequenceswellinadvance.”
Actually,AItechnologyismakinggreatprogressintermsofthethree-stagedevelopmentofartificialintelligence.ItisunlikelythatfullydevelopingAIwouldmakeithardformankindtosurvive.Afterall,withouthumanintelligence,AIcannotevendevelopitself,letalonerep
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