新课标高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练7Word格式文档下载.docx
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新课标高考英语阅读理解和短文改错选练7Word格式文档下载.docx
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tonlyfood.Itwasalsousedinceremoniesorinheaddressesandnecklaces.BythetimetheEuropeansarrivedinAmerica,popcornhadspreadthroughmostoftheAmericanIndians.
SomeearlyAmericansettlersatepopcornwithcreamandsugarforbreakfast.Butitwasn'
tuntilthelate1800sthatpopcornbecamepopular.Thedemandforpopcornincreasedandfarmersbeganfarmingpopcorn.Thefirstmobilepoppingmachinewasinventedin1885,andpopcornwassoldbystreetsellersmuchlikehotdogsaresoldtoday.
DuringtheGreatDepressionofthe1930s,thepopcornbusinessstillthrivedaspeoplecouldstillaffordit.Theninthe1950stelevisionarrivedandpopcornconsumptiondecreased.Peoplestayedhomeandstoppedgoingtothetheatre.Butthelinkbetweenmoviesandpopcornhadalreadyexisted.Soonpeoplebeganmakingpopcornathomeonthestove.Later,microwavepopcornwasintroduced.
Todaythemovieshaveregainedpopularityandpopcornhasonceagainbecomethefavorite.
【语篇导读】 没有温热香甜的爆米花,电影似乎也会失去味道吧。
那么,关于爆米花你又了解多少呢?
1.Popcornwasfirstplantedin______.
A.ChinaB.America
C.IndiaD.Mexico
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段第三句可知答案。
答案 D
2.Whydoesthecornkernelpopwhenheated?
A.Becauseitiscoveredwithsoftstarch.
B.Becausethepressureinsideistoobig.
C.Becausethestarchbecomesbiggerinsize.
D.Becausethereiswaterinsidethekernel.
根据第二段第二、三两句可知,玉米粒内的水并不能直接导致它炸开,而是水蒸气产生的压力作用于四周坚硬的内核上,造成它爆炸。
故答案选B。
答案 B
3.Wecanknowfromthepassagethat______.
A.popcornbegantobefarmedinthelate1800s
B.popcornwasonlyakindoffoodinthe1500s
C.hotdogsusedtobesoldbystreetsellers
D.peoplestoppedgoingtothemovieswithoutpopcorn
根据第四段第二、三两句可知,是在19世纪末期,随着人们对爆米花需求的增长,农民们才开始种植这种玉米。
答案 A
4.Theunderlinedword“thrived”inthefifthparagraphprobablymeans“______”.
A.startedtobepopular
B.wasseriouslyaffected
C.sufferedalot
D.developedverywell
解析 词义猜测题。
根据上文的still以及下文的aspeoplecouldstillaffordit可推断出,这里指即使是在经济大萧条时期,因为爆米花仍然是人们买得起的食品,所以爆米花产业仍然发展得很好。
【阅读理解】
HousedinMilan,oneofEurope'
sdirtiestcities,LeonardodaVinci'
smasterpieceTheLastSupperstillfacesathreatfromairpollution,researcherssay,despitepreventativemeasuresthathavesignificantlydecreasedpollutantsinthechurchwherethefamouspaintingisondisplay.
In2009,Italianauthoritiesinstalledaheating,ventilation(通风)andairconditioningsystemtoprotectthepaintingfromMilan'
spollutedair.Toseewhetherthesystemcouldimproveairquality,ateamofresearchersledbyConstantinosSioutas,aprofessorofcivilandenvironmentalengineeringattheUniversityof
SouthernCalifornia,placedtwoairqu
alitymonitorsinsidethechurchforayeartocollectsamplesfromaroundpainting.Resultsshowedthelevelsoffineandcoarseparticulateswerereducednearthepaintingby88percentand94percent,respectively,comparedwiththecorrespondingoutdoorlevels.“It'
saspectacularreduction,”Sioutassaidinastatement.“Itis,frankly,veryimpressive.”
AlthoughtheresearchersapplaudedthesuccessfuldecreaseinparticulatesarounddaVinci'
spainting,theywarnedthatindoorsourcesofpollutionmaystillposeathreattothepricelesspainting.Fattylipids(油脂)fromtheskinofcustomersinthechurchappearedinsignificantquantitiesaroundthepainting,despitethefactthatvisitorsgettingaccesstotheartworkarestrictlyregulated.
Onlyafewvisitorsareallowedinsidethechurchatatime,andtheyenterthebuildingandcanstayforonly15minuteseach.However,fattylipidsfromvisitors'
skincancombinewithdustintheairandpollutethepaintingiftheycomeincontactwithit,saysstudyresearcherNancyDaheroftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.
Evenpreviousrestorationsofthepaintingmaypolluteitssurface,Dahersaid.Tinyparticulatesofthewaxappliedduringearlyrepaireffortscanbeemittedfromthepainting,getintotheairandtarnish(使失去光泽)thepaintinginthesamemannerasthefattylipids
.
Theresearchersnotedthattheirairsampleanalysiscouldbeusedasapointofreferenceforfuturestudiesaimedatprotectingvaluableartwor
kandartefacts.
1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“particulates”inParagraph2probablymean?
A.Thesmallestpartsofachemicalsubstance.
B.Thingsdirtierthanusual.
C.Certaintypesofgas.
D.Extremelysmallpiecesofdirt,whichcauseseriouspollution.
2.Accordingtothetext,thefollowingfactorspollutethepaintingEXCEPT________.
A.fattylipidsfromtheskinB.tinyparticlesofthewax
C.breathofthevisitorsD.dustintheair
3.Accordingtotheresearchers,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofthei
rairsampleanalysis?
A.Theairsampleanalysiswasgotbygatheringairinthechurchforayear.
B.Theairsampleanalysisshowedthatthepaintingwascompletelyawayfromairpollution.
C.Theairsampleanalysiscanbehelpfulforfuturestudiesprotectingvaluableartwork.
D.TheairsampleanalysisshowedthattheparticulatesarounddaVinci'
spaintingweredecreasedsuccessfully.
4.Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?
A.Howtodecreaselevelsofparticulateseffectively
B.Thefamouspainting—daVinci'
sTheLastSupper
C.KeepingairpollutionfromdamagingdaVinci'
D.Howtoprotectartworkinhouseholds
【要点综述】保存在意大利米兰市一家教堂的达·
芬奇名画《最后的晚餐》受到空气污染的影响。
虽采取了措施使教堂空气质量得到提高,但仍存在一些污染隐患。
1.D 词义猜测题。
综合分析文章及该词所在句子,可推知该词意为“颗粒(污染)物”。
2.C 细节理解题。
根据文章信息可知,对名画《最后的晚餐》带来污染的因素主要有参观者皮肤上的油脂、修复时产生的蜡颗粒及空气中的灰尘等。
3.B 细节理解题。
从文章第一、二段可知,虽然教堂室内环境大为改善,但这幅伟大的画作仍受到各种污染物的威胁。
4.C 主旨大意题。
综合分析文章可知,本文主要介绍如何保护达·
芬奇的名画《最后的晚餐》免受污染物的影响,故C项为标题最佳。
【由安徽省合肥市2014高考模拟题改编】
ScientistsinUKhavegrownalivinghuman"
brain"
.TheteamatAstonUniversitycreatedtinybunchofcellswhichactlikeamininervoussystem.
TheybelieveitcouldhelpfindacureforworsementalconditionslikeParkinson’sdisease.ProfessorMichaelColemanisleadingtheresearchprogram.Heexplained,"
Weareaimingtobeabletostudythehumanbrainatthemostbasiclevel,usinganactuallivinghumancellsystem.Cellshavetobealiveandoperatingefficientlytoenableustoreallyunderstandhowthebrainworks."
Theexperimentinvolveschangingcellsfromacancertumour(肿瘤)andmakingthembehavelikebraincells.
Althoughfarfromfinished,researchershopethefalsebraincellswillgivethemagreaterunderstandingofhowrealbrainswork.This,inturn,couldsignificantlyfurtherresearchintoconditionswhichaffectthebrain.NeilHunt,chiefleaderoftheresearchgroup,said,"
Itisstillveryearlydays,butinthefuturetheresearchcouldleadtoausefultoolforlookingintodementia(痴呆)."
ThetechniquecouldalsoprovideawaytocarryonanimaltestandisbeingsupportedbytheHumaneResearchTrust(HRT).Thescientistspredictthatoverthenexttenyearsamillionpeoplewilldevelopdementia.ProfessorColemanbelievestheirfindingscouldchangethis.Hesaid,"
Wehopeourresearchwillprovidescientistswithanewandhighlyrelationalhumanexperimentalmodeltohelpthemunderstandthebrainbetteranddevelopnewdrugstocontroltherelateddisease.However,thebiggestchallengeatpresentisthatwearegreatlyshortoffund,whichwillslowourresearch."
1.UKscientistsgrowalivinghuman"
inorderto______.
A.studythestructureofhumanbrainB.makeuseoflivinghumancellsystem
C.discoverhowhumanbrainreallyworksD.separatecellsfromacancertumour
2.AccordingtoNeilHunt,researchintobraincells______.
A.willgetfinishedasearlyaspossibleB.willmakepeoplediscoverdementia
C.willaffectthebraingrowthinmanyways
D.willhelptotreatsomediseasesinnervesystem
3.Fromthelastparagraph,wecanknowthat______
A.thetechniqueprovidedbyHRTisimmature
B.animaltestsarenolongerallowedbylaw
C.amillionpeoplesufferfrombraindiseases
D.theresearchprogramlacksfinancialsupport
4.Thetextisintendedto______.
A.tellusaboutabreakthroughinmedicalresearch
B.introducearesearchprograminhuman'
sbrain
C.introducetheprogressofdrugsfordementia
D.tellusabouthealthprobleminnervesystem
【参考答案】1—4、CDDB
阅读理解。
Inthefallof1985.Iwasabright-eyedgirlheadingofftoHowardUniversity,aimingatalegalcareeranddreamingofsittingonaSupremeCourtbenchsomewhere.Twenty-oneyearslaterIamlaterIamstillabright-eyeddreamerandonewithquiteadifferenttaletotell.
Mygrandma,anamazingwoman,graduatedfromcollegeantheageof65.Shewasthefirstinourfamilytorea
chthatgoal.ButoneyearafterIstartedcollege,shedevelopedcancer.Imadethechoicetowithdrawfromcollegetocareforher.Itmeantthatschoolandmypersonaldreamwouldhavetowait.
ThenIgotmarriedwithanotherdream:
buildingmyfamilywithacombinationofadoptandbiologicalchild
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