Cloud Computing Market ResearchWord文档格式.docx
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Cloud Computing Market ResearchWord文档格式.docx
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Ina2008articlethejournalistBillThompson,writingaboutthefactthatcloudcomputingtakesplacenotinanimmaterialcyberspacebutinphysicalcomputersintherealworld,said:
Intherealworldnationalborders,commercialrivalriesandpoliticalimperativesallcomeintoplay,turningthecloudintoamiasmaasheavywithmenaceasthefogovertheGrimpenMirethatconcealedtheHoundoftheBaskervillesinArthurConanDoyle’sstory.
ThemenacedescribedinBillThompson’sarticlewastheunreliabilityofcloudservices,includingpossibleinaccessibilityofdataandaccesstodatabyforeigngovernments.IntherestofthisarticleIwilldiscusstheseandothercloudcomputingtopicsforwhichtherearefoggylegalissuesincludingsubcontracting,rightstodatause,lock-intoaserviceprovider,andsecurityloopholes.
Cloudcomputing,therecentbuzzwordintheinternetmarket,insimpletermsistheprocessofdeliveringhostedservicesthroughtheinternet.Thoughtheconceptisinitsnaï
vestage,itisgeneratingtremendousinterestamongusersofalltypes,andhasbecomeapromisingbusinessopportunitytoventureinandexplore.
ThecloudcomputingservicesmarketwhichiscurrentlyvaluedatUSD79.60billionfortheyear2011isprojectedtogrowsteeplyataCAGRof23.21%andreachamarketsizeofUSD148.9billionbyyear2014.However,withrisingcompetitionandsaturationandtechnologylimitations,themarketmayseeadropinCAGR,butstillgrowataCAGRof8.39%andreachUSD205.48USDbyyear2018.
1)Cloudcomputing:
whatisit?
RichZippelofSunMicrosystemshasdescribedcloudcomputingas“thehottest,andcertainlythemostabused,buzzwordincomputingtoday.”GartnerGroupsidentifieditasenteringthepeakphaseofthehypecycleinJuly2008.Whilethereisdisagreementabouttheprecisedefinition,‘cloudcomputing’essentiallyreferstomeansremotecomputingwithsoftwareaccessedthroughtheInternet.Thissoftwareisusuallypaidforaccordingtotheamountthatitisused;
insomecasesthereisalsoamodestsubscriptionfeeandinothersthesoftwareisfreeforuseandpaidforwithadvertising.Cloudcomputingispartofageneralarchitecturaltrendinthecomputerindustry,movingfromusersdoingcomputingontheirownhardwareusingcopiesofsoftwarethattheyown,tousersdoingcomputingonotherpeoples’machinessomewhereinthecloud,usingsoftwarethattheyrent.Cloudcomputingisrelatedto(butnotidenticalto)softwareasaservice,gridcomputing,Web2.0,on-demandcomputing,utilitycomputing,Internetserviceplatforms,andASPs,allofwhicharebuzzwordsthatwerepreviouslypopular.
2)WHATISSAAS,IAASANDPAAS?
Withitscloud-firstapproach,thereisnodoubtthatthefederalgovernmentsupportsmovingtocloudcomputinginfrastructures.Buttherearedifferenttypesofcloudmodels,eachappropriateforcertainscenariosandinappropriateforothers:
•Softwareasaservice;
•Infrastructureasaservice;
•Platformasaservice.
SaaS,IaaSandPaaSaredeliveredinseveralways:
•Publiccloud:
Wherethecloudinfrastructureismadeavailabletothegeneralpublicorindustryaswellastoyouragencyordepartmentandisownedbytheorganizationsellingcloudservices.
•Privatecloud:
Wherethecloudinfrastructureisoperatedsolelyforyourdepartmentoragency,andmaybemanagedbyyouragencyorbyathirdparty
andmayexisteitheron-premiseoroff-premise.
•Communitycloud:
Wherethecloudinfrastructureissharedbyseveraldepartmentsoragenciesthathavesharedconcerns—suchasmission,securityrequirements,policyorcomplianceconsiderationsbutmaybemanagedbyyouragencyorathirdpartyandmayexisteitheron-premiseoroff-premise.
•Hybridcloud:
Wherethecloudinfrastructureisacombinationoftwoormoreclouds(public,communityorprivate)thatareuniqueentitiesboundtogetherbystandardizedorproprietarytechnologythatenablesdataandapplicationportability.
Figure:
1SAASleadingthecloudservices
3.THECLOUDMARKET
3)Rankingandthescoresof24countriessurveyedbyBSA
It’saclearevidenceofthecloudindustryisstillinitsinfancy.afewmothsagotheBusinessSoftwareAlliance(BSA)reportaboutthebest24countriespreparedfortheCloud;
firstofall,ImustbehonestandrecognizethatBSAisnotmyfavouritebecauseofthewaytheyusetogetitsgoals,buttheyhavealotofmediaandtheyusetodogoodmarketanalysis(disregardingthefinalgoalofthem)
Rank
CountryName
Scores
01
Japan
83.3
02
Australia
79.2
03
Germany
79.0
04
UnitedStates
78.6
05
France
78.4
06
Italy
76.6
07
UnitedKingdom
08
Korea
76.0
09
Spain
73.9
10
Singapore
72.2
11
Poland
70.7
12
Canada
70.4
13
Malaysia
59.2
14
Mexico
56.4
15
Argentina
55.0
16
Russia-
52.3
17
Turkey
52.1
18
SouthAfrica
50.4
19
India
50.0
20
Indonesia
49.7
21
China
47.5
22
Thailand
42.6
23
Vietnam
39.5
24
Brazil-
35.1
224countriesranking
4)WHATDRIVESCLOUDCOMPUTING
Thetwinpressuresofreducedbudgetsandtheneedforgreaterefficiencyhaveledthefederalgovernmenttostronglypromotecloudcomputingasasolutionwheneverpossible.Infact,theOfficeofManagementandBudgetinDecember2010declaredthatgovernmentnowoperatesunderacloud-firstpolicy,meaningthatagenciesmustfirsttrytoincorporatesometypeofcloudcomputingintoprojects.Andiftheychoosenottouseacloudscenario,theymustjustifytheirdecision.“Whatthismeansisthatgoingforward,whenevaluatingoptionsfornewITdeployments,OMBwillrequirethatagenciesdefaulttocloud-basedsolutionswheneverasecure,reliable,cost-effectivecloudoptionexists,”saidJeffreyZients,chiefperformanceofficeranddeputydirectorformanagementatOMB,inNovember2010.AccordingtoasurveyreleasedinDecember2010bythe1105GovernmentInformationGroup,costreduction,fastaccesstodataandapplications,andsimplifyingITinfrastructureandmanagementarethetopthreereasonsthatfederalagenciesaremovingtothecloud.Roughlyhalfofthe460respondentsworkforacivilianagency,whiletheotherhalfworkedformilitaryagencies.Androughlyhalfhadnon-ITtitlesbutsubstantialrolesintechnologydecision-makingwhiletheotherhalfhadITtitles.
Thesurveyalsofoundmostgovernmentrespondentsindicatedthatprivate,publicorhybridcloudcomputingwillbecomeavitalelementinfederalITactivityduringthenextseveralyears.Indeed,roughlyone-thirdofrespondentshavealreadyadoptedorareintheprocessofadoptingoneormorecloudimplementations.Sheddingevenmorelightonthepotentialofcloudingovernment,astudyreleasedinApril2010byMarketConnectionsfoundthatgovernmentusersarewillingtousecloudcomputingforcorefunctionsoftheirITinfrastructure.Nearlyone-quarterusecloudcomputingformission-criticaldatamanagementandanevenhigherpercentageisconsideringdoingso.Input,agovernmenttechnologymarketresearchfirm,validatesthesesurveyobservationsaswell.Itpredictsthatthegovernmentmarketforcloudcomputingwillmorethantriplefrom2010to2014,to$1.2billion.
3WHATDRIVESCLOUDCOMPUTING
5)CloudSecurityConcerns
Althoughthecloudprovidesmanybenefitsforgovernment,italsoexposesdataandsystemstorisk.Beforeanyfederalgovernmentagencymovestothecloud,itmustbe110percentsurethateverypossiblesecurityprecautionistaken.Agenciesareseriousaboutcloudsecurity.AccordingtoTheDownloadonCloudComputinginGovernment,aDecember2010surveybythe1105GovernmentInformationGroup,themostcriticalcloudcomputingsecurityworriesarepotentialdatalossorleakage,robustidentityauthenticationandcredentialmanagement,andsecureandtimelyidentityprovisioning.Otherconcernsincludeeffectivedataencryption;
physicalsecurity;
insecureapplicationprogramminginterfaces;
andaccount,serviceandtraffichijacking.TheDownloadsurveyfoundthat55percentofthe460governmentrespondentsdon’tthinkcloudsolutionsaresecureenough,and59percentagreedthatsecurityrisksassociatedwithcloudcomputingimplementationaregreaterthanthoseforon-premiseITimplementations.Roughlyhalfoftherespondentsworkforacivilianagency,whiletheotherhalfworkedformilitaryagencies.Androughlyhalfhadnon-ITtitlesbutsubstantialrolesintechnologydecisionmaking,whiletheother
halfhadITtitles.TheCyberSecurityAlliancealsoposteddirenumbers.AccordingtoanApril2010surveyoffederalagenciesoncollaborativecloudcomputingandcybersecurity,70percentofgovernmenttechnologydecision-makersareconcernedaboutdatasecurity,privacyandintegrityinthecloud.Althoughsomeoftheseconcernsarevalid,somemaybeduetoasimplelackofknowledge,saidMelvinGreer,seniorfellowandchiefstrategistforcloudcomputingatLockheedMartin.
“Inasurveywedidin2010focusingoncybersecurityinthecloud,wefoundthatthemorepeopleareawareofthecloud,thelessconcernedtheyareaboutsecurity,
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