英语报刊新闻的语言特点论文Word下载.docx
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英语报刊新闻的语言特点论文Word下载.docx
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北京大学继续教育学院
专业名称:
英语
班级学号:
?
指导老师:
二零壹壹年一十一月
摘要
当今世界,英语被广泛使用,成为一种国际通用语言,其普及性体现在国际政治、经济、科技、文化、学术、信息交流等各个领域。
英语报刊新闻(journalisticEnglish)指英文报刊上常见的各类文章,它的体裁多样题材广泛,内容包罗万象。
英文报刊是个巨大的信息源,能够反映世界各国的政治、经济、文化、科技、语言等的变化,是能够对英语发展变化做出最快反映的媒体。
阅读英文报刊是了解现代英语的一条捷径,是学习和掌握现代英语的最实用、最简洁、最有效的途径之一,有助于扩大词汇,增强语感,挺高阅读能力。
本文将从语言学的角度,就其主要的语言特点进行分析,指出英语报刊的标题、导语及正文的语言特点同时也会提到新闻英语写作方面的特点,通过各种不同风格的报刊了解英语报刊的一般共同点,改变同学们对英语报刊的固有看法,帮助广大英语学习者更有效、更准确地去理解英语新闻,尽力养成阅读英语报刊的习惯
Abstract
NowadaysEnglishiswidelyusedasaninternationallanguage,anditspopularityisreflectedintheinternationalpolitical,economic,technological,cultural,academic,informationexchangeandotherfields.JournalisticEnglishreferstovarioustypesofEnglishincommonnewspaperarticleswithdiversegenres,widerangeoftopicsandcontent.Englishnewspapersareagreatsourceofinformation,reflectingthepolitics,economy,culture,technologyaroundtheworld.EnglishnewspapersarealsothemediawhocanmakethefastestreflectionaboutthedevelopmentandchangesofEnglish.Withtherapidsocialdevelopment,languagesareconstantlyevolving.Asnewthings,newtermsareconstantlyemerging,readingEnglishnewspapersisashortcuttounderstandmodernEnglish,andisthemostpractical,simpleandeffectivewaytolearnandmastermodernEnglish.Englishnewspaperscanhelpexpandvocabulary,enhancethesenseoflanguage,readingability.ThispaperwillgiveananalysisoflinguisticfeaturesofnewsEnglishatlinguisticlevel.Meanwhile,itpointsoutthefeaturesoftheheadline,theleadandthebody.Itwillalsodiscussthefeaturesofnewswriting.ItishopedthatthispaperwillhelppeoplechangetheirstereotypedviewsaboutEnglishnewspapers,helpEnglishlearnersunderstandtheEnglishnewspapersmoreeffectivelyandaccurately,andhelpstudentstrytocultivatethehabitofreadingEnglishnewspapers.
Contents
AnAnalysisoftheLanguageCharacteristicsofJournalisticEnglish
1.Introduction
1.1SignificanceoftheStudy
WithincreasinginternationalcommunicationbetweenChinaandothercountriesoftheworld,languagestudyisbecominganinevitablethinginourdailylife,especiallynowadays,asEnglishhasbeenwidelyusedasaninternationallanguageandpeopleneedmoreinformationonthelanguageandthewaysinwhichitisused.Languageplaysacriticalroleinsocialinterventionandisanimportantmediuminthetransmissionofculturalandsocialvalues.ReadingEnglishnewspapersgiveusanopportunitytobedippedintonewthingsandstories,andtopickuplanguage.Theyaretheprimarymaterialfromwhichpeoplereceivenewinformation.Newspapershavearichmixtureofcontentsincludingnews,advice,comics,opinionsanddata.
ThelanguageusedinEnglishnewspapershasitsuniquefeaturesandisquitedifferentfromgeneralEnglisharticlestosomeextent.ThatiswhysomanypeoplefeelEnglishnewsdifficultandabandonit.ThenhowcanwecopewithsuchlinguisticproblemstoreadtheEnglishnewseffectivelyandunderstanditaccurately?
Themainpurposeofthispaperistoincreasereader’sabilitytoreadEnglishnews.ItishopedthatthispaperwillbeparticularlyusefultothosewhohavestronginterestinreadingEnglishnews.
1.2StructureofthePaper
ChapterOneisabriefintroductionwhichproposesthesignificanceofthestudyandthestructuralarrangementofthepaper.
ChapterTwodealswiththebasicelementsofnews,suchasdefinitionofthenews.However,thegeneralfeaturesofEnglishnewsreportswillbeemphasizedthroughoutthepaper.
ChapterThreetouchesheavilyonthetwomajorelementsofthenews-theheadlineandthelead.Theheadlineplaysaroleinattractingtheattentionofthereadersandluringthemtoreadon,soitslinguisticfeatureswillbeourmajorfocus.Thecharacteristicsoftheleadwillbediscussedfromfouraspects:
functionsofthelead,fiveW’sandH,classificationoftheleadandlanguagecharacteristicsofthelead.
ChapterFouristhemainpartofthepaperandliststhelinguisticfeaturesofEnglishnewsatlexical,syntacticandcontextlevels.
ChapterFivesummarizesthepreviousstudy.Atthesametime,itpointsoutthatreadingEnglishnewsisaneffectivewaytolearnmodemEnglishandbymasteringsomecharacteristicsofEnglishnewswecanunderstandtheEnglishnewsaccurately.Moreover,itpointsouttheinadequacyofthestudyinthehopethatmoreresearchesshouldbecarriedoutinthisfield.
2.DefinitionsofNewsandGeneralCharacteristicsofEnglishnewspapers
Tofigureoutthefeaturesofnews,itisnecessarytoknowwhatnewsis.Theword“News”derivesfromGreek.InAmericanreporterJoest’sopinions,theword“News”comesfromtheword‘‘New”.Itisclearthatfreshnessisoneofthemostessentialfeaturesofnews.Typicaldefinitionsofnewssuggestedbyjournalistsinclude"
newsisthesamethinghappeningtodifferentpeople,”“newsiswhattheeditorthinksisnews,’’ornewsis“whatI’minterestedin”.
Infact,thereisnosingleall-encompassingdefinitionofnewsbecausetheelementsthatconstituteitareconstantlychanging,andsoarethewomenandmenwhoselectitforprint,broadcastandothersourcessuchastheInternet.Thedramaticsocial,economic,politicalandtechnologicalchangessweepingtheworldcontinuetohaveaprofoundimpactonwhatisconsiderednewstoday,justastheyhavehadonthereadersandthewayreadersgetthenews.
Fromthedefinitionsofnewsmentionedabove.Itisnotdifficultforustounderstandthefeaturesofnews.AccordingtoZhengBaowei[2:
55],newshasthefollowingfourdistinctivenatures:
(1)Newsmustbetrue.Newsisthereportoffactswhicharethebasisofnews.Withoutfactstherewouldbenonews.Moreover,theaimofnewsistohelppeoplegettoknowthechangeoftheworld.peoplemaybeabletomakepromptjudgmentsandthentakeproperactions.ThisisthebasicfunctionofNews,thatis,newsmustreflecttheoriginaltrulysoastoprovidepeoplewiththerightandreliableinformation.Thatnewsmustbetrueisthefundamentalfeatureofnews,whichdifferentiatesnewsfrom1iterature.
(2)Newsmustbenew.Itissaidthattheword“news”comestheword“new.”Newsisakindofinformationconveyedtopeople,butitisnotthecommoninformation;
insteaditisaboutthethingsinitsneweststate.Inotherwords,onlythosenewthings,newproblems,newpeople,newideasandnewexperiencescanbecomenews.Thatnewsmustbenewisanotherfundamentalfeatureofnews,whichdifferentiatesnewsfromhistory.
(3)Newsmustbetimely.Ifthetrueandnewfactswerenotreleasedtimely,newswouldbecomeoldandvalueless.Therefore,themassmesamustdisclosethefactstothemassesassoonaspossible.Anydelayorpostponeshouldbeavoided.
(4)Newsmustbemadeknowntothepublic.Inthemodemsociety,thenewsmediaarethemostimportantandmostfrequentlyusedchannelforpeopletogettoknowtheoutsideworld.Everydaynewspapers,radiobroadcastsandTVcontinuouslyreleasealargeamountofnews,andallthenewsisopentothepublic.Itisobvioustoseethateveryonehasaccesstothenews,regardlessofhisintelligenceandsocialstatus
AsJournalisticEnglishisdifferentfromotherEnglisharticles,ithassomegeneralcharacteristics
(A)Familiarity
Englishnewspapersuseawiderangeofwordsinsports,military,business,technology,gambling,literature,entertainmentandotheraspects,suchasartificialbreeding(artificialinseminationtraining)usedinmedicine,kickback(commission)usedineconomy,andscudmissile(scudmissiles)usedinmilitary,honeytrap(notorious),andsoon,withtheaimtoreflectintegrationofmodernjournalisticlanguageandcontemporaryrealitiesofmodernlife,tryingtomeetavarietyofreadinginterest,arousingthereader'
sfamiliarity.
(B)Easytounderstand
VisualizedvocabularyandspokenEnglishrecentlyemergedinthetitleofnewspapersnotonlymakethetitlelivelybutsometimesactasapunandmakeitfun.ForinstancethereisanarticleinDailyStarentitledWorldEyesMid-EastPeaceTalks,inwhichthereportusedEyestomeanconcernanddidnotusethewordobservesorwatches,whichmakestheheadlineadapper,precise,vividimage.
(C)Simplicityandvividness
Comparethefollowingthreenewsreportsonthesameaccident:
1.PoliceChiefJ.W.CarmichaelannouncedtodaytwochildrenwerekilledoutsideProspectParkatJacksonAve.And16thSt.,NW,whena"
recklesslydriven"
automobilejumpedthecurbnearwheretheyareplayingat2p.mandranthemdown.
2.Twochildrenwerekilledand12othersinjuredtodaywhenanautomobilehitthemoutsideProspectPark.
3.Twochildrenatplaywerekilledand12othersinjuredtodaywhenaspeedingsportscarjumpedthecurboutsideProspectParkandranthemdown.
(D)Ahumanface
Oneofthecriteriainnewsreportsishumane.Forexample,Inordertoaffectreaders,thejournalistgivesanumberofdetailswhichhavenodirectcontactwiththeevent,suchasthedriver'
sage,familysituation,soastoarouseparentallove.ItevenquotestheconversationinwhichthemedicalcorrespondentJamesWilkinsontalksaboutsurvivalof"
Siamesetwins"
.Theseareveryhumane,completelyarousingthereader'
sinterest.
(E)Objectivity
Authenticityisthecornerstoneofnews;
falsenewswillinevitablylosethetrustofthereader.Throughextensiveuseofdirectquotationsandindirectquotations,newspaperstrytousetheleastadjectivestoincreaseitsauthenticityandvitality,whichalsoshowstheobjectivepositionofauthors.Thereporthasonly9sentences,includingtitles;
howeverithas9wordssynonymouswith“say”and7
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