雅思考试阅读理解练习试题及答案文档格式.docx
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雅思考试阅读理解练习试题及答案文档格式.docx
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February5,2007NewYorkTimes
1.Internetsecurityexpertshavelongknownthatsimplepasswordsdonotfullydefendonlinebankaccountsfromdeterminedfraudartists.Nowastudysuggeststhatapopularsecondarysecuritymeasureprovideslittleadditionalprotection.
2.Thestudy,producedjointlybyresearchersatHarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,lookedatatechnologycalledsite-authenticationimages.Inthesystem,currentlyusedbyfinancialinstitutionslikeBankofAmerica,INGDirectandVanguard,onlinebankingcustomersareaskedtoselectanimage,likeadogorchesspiece,thattheywillseeeverytimetheylogintotheiraccount.
3.Theideaisthatifcustomersdonotseetheirimage,theycouldbeatafraudulentWebsite,dummieduptolookliketheirbank”s,andshouldnotentertheirpasswords.
4.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researcherstestedthathypothesis.InOctober,theybrought67BankofAmericacustomersintheBostonareaintoacontrolledenvironmentandaskedthemtoconductroutineonlinebankingactivities,likelookingupaccountbalances.Buttheresearchershadsecretlywithdrawntheimages.
5.Of60participantswhogotthatfarintothestudyandwhoseresultscouldbeverified,58enteredpasswordsanyway.Onlytwochosenottologon,citingsecurityconcerns.
6.Thepremiseisthatsite-authenticationimagesincreasesecuritybecausecustomerswillnotentertheirpasswordsiftheydonotseethecorrectimage,saidStuartSchechter,acomputerscientistattheM.I.T.LincolnLaboratory.Fromthestudywelearnedthatthepremiseisrightlessthan10percentofthetime.
7.Headded:
Ifabankweretoaskmeiftheyshoulddeployit,Iwouldsayno,waitforsomethingbetter,hesaid.
8.Thesystemhassomehigh-powersupportersinthefinancialservicesworld,manytryingtocomplywithnewonlinebankingregulations.In2005,theFederalFinancialInstitutionsExaminationCouncil,aninteragencybodyoffederalbankingregulators,determinedthatpasswordsalonedidnoteffectivelythwartintruderslikeidentitythieves.
9.Itissuednewguidelines,askingfinancialWebsitestofindbetterwaysforbanksandcustomerstoidentifyeachotheronline.January2007wassetasthecompliancedate,thoughthecouncilhasyettobeginenforcingthemandate.
10.Banksimmediatelyknewwhattheydidnotwanttodo:
askcustomerstodownloadnewsecuritysoftware,orcarryaroundhardwaredevicesthatfeedthemPINcodestheycanusetoauthenticatetheiridentities.Bothsolutionswouldaddanextralayerofsecuritybut,thebanksbelieved,detractfromtheconvenienceofonlinebanking.
11.Theimagesystem,introducedin2004byaSiliconValleyfirmcalledPassMarkSecurity,offeredbanksapain-freeadditiontotheirsecurityarsenals.BankofAmericawasamongthefirsttoadoptit,inJune2005,underthebrandnameSiteKey,askingits21millionWebsiteuserstoselectanimagefromthousandsofpossiblechoicesandtochooseauniquephrasetheywouldseeeverytimetheyloggedin.
12.SiteKeygivesourcustomersafairlyeasywayofauthenticatingtheBankofAmericaWebsite,saidSanjayGupta,ane-commerceexecutiveatthebank.Itwasverywellreceived.
13.TheHarvardandM.I.T.researchers,however,foundthatmostonlinebankingcustomersdidnotnoticewhentheSiteKeyimageswereabsent.Whenrespondentsloggedinduringthestudy,theysawasitemaintenancemessageonthescreenwheretheirimageandphrasesshouldhavebeenpictured.Theerrormessagealsohadaconspicuousspellingmistake,furthersuggestingsomethingfishy.
14.Mr.GuptaofBankofAmericasaidhewasnottroubledbytheresultsofthesurvey,andstressedthatSiteKeyhadmadethebank”sWebsitemoresecure.Healsosaidthatthesystemwasonlyasinglepartofalargersecurityblanket.It”snotlikewe”rebettingthebankonSiteKey,hesaid.
15.Mostfinancialinstitutions,likeBankofAmerica,haveotherwaystotellifacustomerislegitimate.Thebanksoftendropasmallsoftwareprogram,calledacookie,ontoauser”sPCtoassociatethecomputerwiththecustomer.Ifthecustomerlogsinfromanothermachine,hemaybeaskedpersonalquestions,likehismother”smaidenname.
16.RachnaDhamija,theHarvardresearcherwhoconductedthestudy,pointsoutthatswindlerscanusetheirdummyWebsitestoaskcustomersthosepersonalquestions.Shesaidthatthestudydemonstratedthatsite-authenticationimagesarefundamentallyflawedand,worse,mightactuallydetractfromsecuritybygivingusersafalsesenseofconfidence.
17.RSASecurity,thecompanythatboughtPassMarklastyear,hasalotofgreatdataonhowSiteKeyinstillstrustandconfidenceandgoodfeelingsintheircustomers,Ms.Dhamijasaid.Ultimatelythatmightbewhytheyadoptedit.Sometimestheappearanceofsecurityismoreimportantthansecurityitself.
Questions1-5
Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninthepassage?
Pleasewrite
TRUEifthestatementagreeswiththewriter
FALSEifthestatementdoesnotagreewiththewriter
NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationaboutthisinthepassage
1.Accordingtointernetsecurityexperts,secondarysecuritymeasuresprovidelittleadditionalprotectionagainstfraud.
2.IntheHarvardandMITstudy,twosubjectsdidn”tlogonwithoutseeingthecorrectpictures.
3.AccordingtoSchechter,morethan90%ofonlinebankingcustomersstudiedloggedonwithoutseeingtherightpictures.
4.Theimagesystemistheonlysecuritymeasurethatthebanksmentionedinthepassagehavecurrently.
5.BankofAmericaisthefirstbankthatadoptedtheimagesystem.
Questions6-13
AnswerthefollowingquestionsorcompletethefollowingsentencesbychoosingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.
6.WhatisINGDirectandVanguard?
7.WhatmightonlinebankingcustomersbecheatedtogiveatafraudulentWebsite?
8.Whatmaystoponlinebankingcustomersfromusingnewverificationmethods?
9.Thekeytoonlinebankingsecurityistoverifythe______ofcustomers.
10.WhereisPassMarkSecuritylocated?
11.WhatisthereasonwhySiteKeyispopularamongonlinebankingcustomers?
12.WhatwasusedinsteadofimagesintheHarvardandM.I.T.study?
13.Howmanysecuritymethodsarementionedinthispassage?
参考答案:
1.第一段Nowastudysuggeststhatapopularsecondarysecuritymeasureprovideslittleadditionalprotection.似与问题文字很接近,但是原文中apopularsecondarysecuritymeasure是指特定的一个措施,而非泛指全部secondarysecuritymeasure。
原文没有其它secondarysecuritymeasure安全有效性的内容。
故应选择NG。
2.见第4、5段内容。
第四段Buttheresearchershadsecretlywithdrawntheimages.即讨论人员撤下了图形,第五段Onlytwochosenottologon,citingsecurityconcerns.,有两个人由于安全考虑未进入。
3.T见第6段。
4.F见第11、14段。
5.F见第11段BankofAmericawasamongthefirsttoadoptit,可见首批采纳图形识别软件的银行并非BankofAmerica一家。
6.Afinancialinstitution见其次段。
7.(their)passwords见第三段。
8.lessconvenience见第十段。
9.identity见第八、十段。
10.SiliconValley见第十一段。
11.easytouse见第十二段。
12.sitemaintenancemessage见第十三段Whenrespondentsloggedinduringthestudy,theysawasitemaintenancemessageonthescreenwheretheirimageandphrasesshouldhavebeenpictured.
13.4分别见第十段的downloadnewsecuritysoftware和hardwaredevicesthatfeedthemPINcodes,第十五段的asmallsoftwareprogram,calledacookie,以及本文提到的site-authenticationimages。
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