Dickens Humanitarianism In A Tale of Two CitiesWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Dickens Humanitarianism In A Tale of Two CitiesWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Cities.................................................2
ChapterⅡReasonsfortheformationofthehumanitarianspiritofDickens....................................................................3
2.1TheDefinitionofHumanitarian...............................................3
2.2TheAuthor’sExperienceandTheFrenchRevolution.............4
ChapterⅢHumanitarianismEmbodiedinCharacterization....................................................................5
3.1CompletelyNegativeCharacters..............................................5
3.2Two-FacetedCharacters.............................................................6
3.3IdealCharacters..........................................................................7
ChapterⅣ.............................................................................11
4.1Conclusion.................................................................................11
Acknowledgements................................................................13
Bibliography...........................................................................14
AbstractinChinese
作为19世纪英国批判现实主义文学的杰出代表,查尔斯-狄更斯的作品广泛而深刻地描写了当时社会生活的各个方面,并从人道主义出发对各种丑恶的社会现象进行揭露批判。
《双城记》就是以法国大革命为背景,揭示了封建压迫对人性的残害,真实地反映了尖锐的阶级对立和激烈的阶级斗争,揭露了封建贵族的恶行。
它同时也反映了作者对待革命和人性的看法。
狄更斯把希望寄托于开明的统治者进行一些改革,提倡用仁爱和宽恕的精神来化解仇恨,缓和阶级矛盾。
小说中的主要人物身上都体现了人道主义精神。
本文将从他小说中的各种人物分析了他的人道主义思想。
关键词:
狄更斯《双城记》人道主义
AbstractinEnglish
Asanoutstandingrepresentativeofthe19thcenturyEnglishcriticalrealism,CharlesDickens’worksdescribesociallifeextensively,andheruthlesslyexposestheuglysocialphenomenaandfiercelycriticizestheevilsofsocietyfromtheangleofhumanitarianism."
ATaleofTwoCities"
isbasedontheFrenchRevolution,anditrevealesthemutilationoffeudaloppressionofhumannature,reflectesthesharpclassantagonismandfierceclassstruggle,exposesthedevilriesofthefeudalaristocracy.Atthesametime,itreflectstheauthor’sattitudetotherevolution.
Dickensdevoteshishopestothereformsofsomerulers,andadvocatestoovercomehatredandeasesclasscontradictionsthroughthespiritofloveandforgiveness.Thispaperwillanalyzehishumanitarianismfromthecharactersinthisnovel.
Key
Words:
Dickens、A
Cities
、Humanitarianism
ChapterⅠIntroduction
1.1BriefIntroductionofCharles
Dickens
Charles
John
Huffam
Dickens
was
bornonFebruary7,1812,inPortsmouth,on
England'
s
southern
coast.JohnDickens,
Charles'
father,wasa
respectable,middle-class
naval
pay
clerk.JohnDickensreceiveda
reasonable
salary,buthealwaysspentmorethanhemade.In1842hewas
imprisoned
for
debt.
He
lived
alone
in
poverty
rented
lodgings
while
the
rest
his
family
moved
into
prison
with
hisfather—acommonpractice
at
thattime.John
Dickenswasreleasedafterthreemonths,and
Charles
returned
to
school.
always
rememberedand
hatedthis
period
life
and
degradation
it
seemed
entail.
Yet
here
he
first
became
familiar
lower-class
people
who
appearthroughout
novels.
also
again
books
to
scenes.
DickenswasoneofthegreatestEnglishcriticalrealistsinthe19thcentury,hasachievedpopularrecognitiontoadegreerarelyequaledinEnglishletterssincehisfirstnovelpublicated.Almostallofhisnovelsdisplayhiscomicgif,hisgreathumor,hismelodramaticdialogue,hisdeepsocialconcernsandhisextraordinarytalentforcreatingunforgettablecharacters,etc.Butonecanneverneglect“hissavingstrength”whileheremains“amoralistandapreacher’’ofhishumanitarianism.
1.2The
Cities
A
is
one
theCharles
Dickens’s
themostimportantrepresentativeworks.ThenoveldepictstheplightoftheFrenchpeasantrywhichdemoralizesbytheFrencharisticracyintheyearsleading
up
revolution,
corresponding
brutality
demonstrates
by
revolutionaries
toward
former
aristocrats
early
years
oftherevolution,
andduringthesametimeperiod,manyunflatteringsocialparallelswiththelife
London.Itfollowsthelivesofseveral
protagonists
through
these
events.
The
most
notable
are
Darnay
Sydney
Carton.
a
French
once-aristocrat
falls
victim
indiscriminate
wrath
revolution
despite
virtuous
nature,
and
Carton
isadissipatedBritishbarristerwhoendeavorstoredeemhisill-spent
out
unrequited
love
Darnay'
wife,
Lucie
Manette.
This
work
embodies
theauthor’smaturethoughtanddeepthinking.TheauthorreviewsthereasonsoftheFrenchRevolutionfromtheviewpointofhumanitarianismtowarntherulersoftheEnglandinsuchaperiod
when
social
classes
conflict
seriously
each
other.
On
theone
hand,
author
expresses
great
anger
aristocrats,
sympathyto
sufferings
public
inevitability
justice
fortherevolutiontobreakout;
Ontheotherhandheusesthebloodyscenetodescribethecruetlyoftherevolution,andthefailuretoachievethepoorman’sideal
which
intends
pursue.
ChapterⅡReasonsfortheformationofthehumanitarianspiritofDickens
2.1TheDefinitionofHumanitarian
HumanitarianisathoughtintheWest,fromthebeginningoftheRenaissance,whichisbasedonanabstractanduniversalhumanity.Humanitarianpromotesaworldviewofcaringpeopleandrespectingeachotherandhuman-centeredandadvocatesequalpersonality.HumanismthoughtintheRenaissanceistracedtotheancientGreekandRomanartandinheritesmedievalfolklorehumanitariantraditionideas.Whileintheneweraandsocialcondition,therehasnewenrichmentanddevelopment.ManyoftheworksoftheRenaissanceinheritesanddevelopesthespiritofexposingandcastigatingthefolkloreofmedievalfeudalchurchtheocracy,anditexposesmoreprofoundandcomprehensive.
2.2TheAuthor’sExperienceandTheFrenchRevolution
Dickens’humanitarianismhasalotwithhispersonalchildhoodexperience.Anywriter’swritingmaterialsarederivedfromliving,experience,orfromthepeoplearoundhim.Dickenswasborninapoorfamilyofthepettybourgeoisie,asthelowerpeople,heknewthemiserableofthosepeople.Atthebottomofsociety,hesufferedalot.WhenDickenswas12,hisfatherwasintoimprisonmentfordebt-ridden,andhismotherandsiblingslivedwithhisfatherintheprison.Hewouldassumetheburdenofthefamilyandbecameanapprenticeinshoeoilcompaniesandinterrupttheirstudiesduetofinancialdifficulties.Therefore,hehasasinceresympathyfortheworkingpeopleandexposestheevilfeudalaristocracyangrily.
AftertheoutbreakoftheFrenchRevolution,Dickensthoughttheproletariatviolentrevolutionwasfullofguilt.AndtheformationofhumannatureofDickenshumanitarianwasbasedonthesocialsituationandtheobjectiveconditions.
ChapterⅢHumanitarianismEmbodiedinCharacterization
advocates
author’s
opinion
that
human
beings
should
use
kindness
solve
real
problems,
humanity
instead
cruelty
horror
harmonize
conflict,
popularize
education
improve
our
society.
In
this
novel,
theauthor
portrays
some
typical
characters
embody
theauthor’sview.First,heportrays
kind,upright
humane
persons,suchasDr.Manette,
Manette,
Mr.
Lorry,
etc.
But
same
time,
cruel
ferocious
persons,
such
as
Marquis
Evremonde
Brothers,
Mrs.
Defarge.
uses
make
contrast,
clearly
view.
3.1CompletelyNegativeCharacters
InATaleofTwoCities,Dickensmercilesslymakesascathingcommentaryonthedebauchery,crueltyandincompetenceofthearistocrats,representesbythebrothersEvremonder,especiallybyTheMarquis—anintenseincarnationofaristocraticdepravity.
MarquisBrotherslivesinanextravagant,absurdlifewithnocompassion.Amarduiswhodrinkchocolateteaeverydaycouldnotswallowwithoutfournon-warriorhelp.Theylivecorruptly,governthecountryincompetentlyandharmethepeopleSeriously.Perniciousandinhuman,Theydisregarforhumanlifeviolentlyandcruely.Toabducteapeasant’swife,theyhavebeatentodeathandkilledfourlivesnonchalantly.Theycouldburyanyoneintojailnotimelimitjusttofillinablankdecree.WhenMaiquis’carriagerampagesandkillsthepoorchid,hethrowsagoldcoinfromthecarriage’windowandyellsthatpeopledonotmanagetheirchildren.Whilethefeudalaristocracyhavebeenawaredofthatpeoplehatredinstenselytotheirprivilegesofthenobilitysmoldering.Butinordertoensurethestatusofthearistocracy,theydonotliberatethepeoplefromoppressionandextortion.Theirtragicendingdonotworthasherdofmercyandcompassioninthattheirspiritoflovehavegone.
ThestonyMarquisrepresentstheinhumanityoftheoldorder,whichtreatespeopleasthoughtheyaremereanimalsandwhoseownsocietyisanemptyshamoffineclothes,frizzledhair,andartificialcomplexions,disfiguredby“theleprosyofunreality”.AndDickensmarvelsattheirtotalblindnesstothevolcanothatisboilingupbeneaththeirfeetan
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