职称英语考试《综合类》模拟试题及答案050717Word文件下载.docx
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职称英语考试《综合类》模拟试题及答案050717Word文件下载.docx
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Todevelopthistalentinhisstudents,FermiwouldsuggestatypeofquestionnowknownasaFermiproblem.Uponfirsthearingoneofthese,youhaven'
ttheremotestnotionoftheanswer,andyoufeelcertainthattoolittleinformationhadbeengiventosolveit,Yetwhentheproblemisbrokenintosub-problems,eachanswerablewithoutthehelpofexpert.sorbooks,youcancomeclosetotheexactsolution.
SupposeyouwanttodetermineEarth'
scircumferencewithoutlookingitup.EveryoneknowsthatNewYorkandLosAngelesareabout3,000milesapartandthatthetimedifferencebetweenthemisthreehours.Threehoursisone-eighthofaday,andadayisthetimeittakestheplanettocompleteonerotation,soitscircumferencemustbeeighttimes30000r24000miles.Thisanswerdiffersfromthetruevalue,24,902.45miles,bylessthanfourpercent.
UltimatelythevalueofdealingwitheverydayproblemsthewayFermididliesintherewardsofmakingindependentdiscoveriesandinventions.Itdoesn'
tmatterwhetherthediscoveryisasimportantasdeterminingthepowerofanatomorassmallasmeasuringthedistancebetweenNewYorkandLosAngeles.Lookinguptheanswer,orlettingsomeoneelsefinditdeprivesyouofthepleasureandpridethataccompanycreativity,anddeprivesyouofanexperiencethatbuildsupself-confide.Thus,approachingpersonaldilemmasasFermiproblemscanbecomeahabitthatenrichesyourlife.
Fermi,anexperimentalistaswellasatheoretician,wonaNobelPrizeforproducingthefirstnuclearchainreactionintheworld.
【单选题】
A.Right
B.Wrong
C.Notmentioned
正确答案:
B
答案解析:
文章第1段中提到Fermi在1938年获诺贝尔奖,四年以后才成功地实现了核连锁反应,所以题干的说法是错误的。
2、TheRaceintoSpace
AmericanmillionaireDennisTitowillalwaysbefamous.Hewasthefirsttouristinspace."
IspentsixtyyearsonEarthandeightdaysinspaceandfrommyviewpoint,itwastwoseparatelives,"
Titoexplained.Helovedhistimeinspace."
Beinginspaceandlookingbackatearthisoneofthemostrewardingexperiencesahumanbeingcanhave."
Thiskindofexperienceisn'
tcheap.Itcost$20million.However,Titoachievedhisdream,sohewashappy."
Formeitwasalifedream.Itwasadreamthatbeganwhendidn'
thaveanymoney,"
hetoldreporters.
On30April2002,MarkShuttleworthbecametheworld'
ssecondspacetourist.ShuttleworthisaSouthAfricanbusinessman.Attheageoftwenty-eight,healsopaid$20millionfortheeight-daytrip.
BothTitoandShuttleworthboughttheirticketsfromacompanycalledSpaceAdventures.Thecompanyhasaround100peoplealreadyontheirwaitinglistforflightsintospace.Thespaceshiptotakethemdoesn'
texistyet.
Manyofthecustomersarepeoplewholikeadventure.TheyarethekindofpeoplewhoalsowanttoclimbMountQomolangma.Othercustomersarepeoplewholovespace.However,thesepeopleareworried.Becauseit’ssoexpensive,onlyveryrichpeoplecangointospace.Theywantspacetraveltobeavailabletomorepeople.
Thatdaymaysoonbehere.InterOrbitalSystems(IOS)planstosenduptofourtouristsaweekintospace.ThetourswilldepartfromanislandinTonga.Thecompanypromisesapackagethatincludesforty-fivedaysofastronauttraininginRussiaandCalifornia,sevendaysinspace,andavacationinTonga,for$2million.
However,spaceflightisstillverydangerous.BillReaddyisNASA'
sdeputyassistantadministratorforspaceflight.Hesaysthatthechancesofdyingareabout1in500.Becauseofthis,itmaytaketimebeforespacetourismreallytakesoff.Youmightbeabletogoup,butwillyoucomedown?
IOSwillsenditstouristsintospacefromTonga.
A
本题有一定难度,要到文章第六段找答案依据。
带着题干提示词IOS和Tonga迅速回到文章定位。
第六段谈到,IOS计划每周送四位游客进太空,这次旅行要从汤加的一个岛上开始,所以本题正确,答案是A。
3、WhatIstheCoolestGasintheUniverse?
WhatisthecoldestairtemperatureeverrecordedontheEarth?
Wherewasthislowtemperaturerecorded?
ThecoldestrecordedtemperatureonEarthwas-91℃whichoccurredinAntarcticain1983.
WeencounteraninterestingsituationwhenwediscusstemperaturesinspaceTemperaturesinEarthorbitactuallyrangefromabout+120℃to-120℃.Thetemperaturedependsupon_____youareindirectsunlightorshade,Obviously,-120℃iscolderthanourbodycansafelyendure.ThankNASAscienceforwell-designedspacesuitsthatprotectastronautsfromthesetemperatureextremes.
Thespacetemperaturesjustdiscussedaffectonlyourareaofthesolarsystem.Obviously,itishotterclosertotheSunandcolderaswetravelawayfromtheSun.AstronomersestimatetemperaturesatPlutoareabout-210℃.Howcoldisthelowestestimatedtemperatureintheentireuniverse?
Again,itdependsuponyourlocation.Wearetaughtitissupposedlyimpossibletohaveatemperaturebelowabsolutezero,whichis-273℃,atwhichatomsdonotmove.Twoscientists,whosenamesareCornellandWieman,havesuccessfullycooleddownagastemperaturebarelyaboveabsolutezero.TheywonaNobelPrizeinPhysicsin2001fortheirworknotadiscoveryinthiscar.
Whyisthetwoscientists'
worksoimportanttoscience?
Inthe1920s,SatyendraNathBosewasstudyinganinterestingtheoryaboutparticleswenowcallphotons.BosehadtroubleconvincingOtherscientiststobelievesohecontactedAlbertEinstein.Einstein'
scalculationshelpedhimtheorizewouldbehaveasBosethoughtbutonlyatverycoldtemperatures.
Scientistshavealsodiscoveredthatultra-coldatomscanhelpthemmaketheworld'
satomicclocksevenmoreaccurate.Theseclocksaresoaccuratetodaytheywouldonlyloseonesecondeverysixmillionyears!
Suchaccuracywillhelpustravelinspacebecausedistanceisvelocitytimestime(d=vxt).Withthelongdistancesinvolvedinspacetraveltoknowtimeasaccuratelyaspossibletogetaccuratedistance.
A.whether
B.where
C.what
D.when
上下文的意思是:
地球轨道上的温度是介乎+120℃至-120℃之间。
温度的变化取决于是向阳还是背阳。
whether是“是否”的意思,所以是本题的答案。
4、U.S.toStart$3.2BillionChildHealthStudyinJanuary
Astudythatwillcost$3.2billionandlastmorethantwodecadestotrackthehealthof100,000U.S.childrenfrombeforebirthtoage21willbelaunchedinJanuary,U.S.healthofficialssaidonFriday.
OfficialsfromtheU.S.government'
sNationalInstitutesofHealthsaidtheyhopethestudy,tobeconductedat105locationsthroughouttheUnitedStates,canhelpidentifyearly-lifeinfluencesthataffectlaterdevelopment,withthegoaloflearningnewwaystotreatorpreventillness.
Thestudywillexaminehereditaryandenvironmentalfactorssuchasexposuretocertainchemicalsthataffecthealth.
Researcherswillcollectgeneticandbiologicalsamplesfrompeopleinthestudyaswellassamplesfromthehomesofthewomenandtheirbabiesincludingair,water,dustandmaterialsusedtoconstructtheirresidences,theNIHsaid.
Officialssaidmorethan$200millionhasbeenspentalreadyandthestudyisprojectedtocost$3.2billion.
"
Weanticipatethatinthelongterm,whatwelearnfromthestudywillresultinasignificantsavingsinthenation'
shealthcarecosts,"
Dr.DuaneAlexander,whoheadstheNIH'
sEuniceKennedyShriverNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopment,toldreporters.
ThestudywillbegininJanuarywhentheUniversityofNorthCarolinaandtheMountSinaiSchoolofMedicineinNewYorkstartsigninguppregnantwomenwhosebabieswillthenbefollowedtoage21.
Someoftheearlyfindingswillbeaboutfactorsbehindpre-termbirth,whichhasbecomemorecommoninrecentyears,accordingtoDr.PeterScheidoftheNIH,whoheadsthestudy.
Thepeopletakingpartwillbefromrural,urbanandsuburbanareas,fromallincomeandeducationallevelsandfromallracialgroups,theNIHsaid.
Thebabiesoftheparticipantswillbefollowed____.
A.throughouttheirlives.
B.formorethantwodecades.
C.frombirthto21months.
D.untiltheygetmarried.
短文的第1段以及倒数第3段都说到,这些婴儿将从出生前一直被跟踪到21岁。
5、SharingSilence
DeafteenagersOrlandoChavezandGermanResendizhavebecomefriendssincekindergarten(幼儿园).Togetherthetwoboys,whogotoEscondidoHighSchoolinCalifornia,havehadthedifficultjoboflearninginschoolswherethemajorityofthestudentscanspeakandhear.
Orlandolosthishearingattheageofone.Germanwasborneddeaf,andhisparentsmovedfromMexicotofindaschoolwherehecouldlearnsignlanguage.HemetOrlandoontheirfirstdayofkindergarten.
Wewereinaspecialclasswithabout25otherdeafkids,"
Germanremembers."
Beforethen,Ididn'
tknowIwasdeafandIwasdifferent."
Beingyounganddeafinregularclasseswasveryhard,"
signsOrlando."
Theotherkidsdidn'
tunderstandusandwedidn'
tunderstandthem.Butwe'
veallgrownuptogether,andtoday,I'
mpopularbecauseI'
mdeaf.Kidstryhard
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