清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流Word文件下载.docx
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清华大学考博英语真题及答案详解知识交流Word文件下载.docx
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A.clashB.clarifyC.clarityD.clatter
22.Businessinthisareahasbeen__________becausepricesaretoohigh.
A.prosperousB.secretiveC.slackD.shrill
23.Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasad__________whenshewasillandhadnomoney.
A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment
24.Headdeda__________tohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.
A.presidencyB.prestigeC.postscriptD.preliminary
25.Somelinguistsbelievethatthe__________ageforchildrenlearningaforeignlanguageis5to8.
A.optimisticB.optionalC.optimalD.oppressed
26.Itallstartedin1950,whenpeoplebegantobuildtheirhousesonthe__________oftheircities.
A.paradisesB.omissionsC.orchardsD.outskirts
27.Themeetingwas__________overbythemayorofthecity.
A.presumedB.proposedC.presentedD.presided
28.Thecrowd__________intothehallandsomehadtostandoutside.
A.outgrewB.overthrewC.overpassedD.overflew
29.Itwasclearthatthestorm__________hisarrivalbytwohours.
A.retardedB.retiredC.refrainedD.retreated
30.Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakes__________overalltheotherissues.
A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability
31.Hersadnesswasobvious,butshebelievedthatherfeelingofdepressionwas__________.
A.torrentB.transientC.tensileD.textured
32.Nobodyknewhowhecameupwiththis__________ideaaboutthetrip.
A.wearyB.twilightC.unanimousD.weird
33.Theflowerunderthesunwould__________quicklywithoutanyprotection.
A.winkB.withholdC.witherD.widower
34.The__________ofgiftedchildrenintoacceleratedclasseswillstartnextweekaccordingtotheiracademicperformance.
A.segregationB.specificationC.spectrumD.subscription
35.He__________himselfbitterlyforhismiserablebehaviorthatevening.
A.repealedB.resentedC.relayedD.reproached
36.Anyearthquakethattakesplaceinanyareaiscertainlyregardedasakindofa__________event.
A.cholesterolB.charcoalC.catastrophicD.chronic
37.Hecutthestringandheldupthetwo__________totiethebox.
A.segmentsB.sedimentsC.seizuresD.secretes
38.Allthemusicinstrumentsintheorchestrawillbe__________beforeitstarts.
A.civilizedB.chatteredC.chamberedD.chorded
39.Whentheairinacertainspaceissqueezedtooccupyasmallerspace,theairissaidtobe__________.
A.commencedB.compressedC.compromisedD.compensated
40.Shemadetwocopiesofthispoemandpostedthem__________todifferentpublishers.
A.sensationallyB.simultaneouslyC.strenuouslyD.simply
PartⅢReadingComprehension(40%)
Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsofunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Eachyear,millionsofpeopleinBangladeshdrinkgroundwaterthathasbeenpollutedbynaturallyhighlevelsofarsenicpoison.Findingsafedrinkingwaterinthatcountrycanbeaproblem.However,InternationalDevelopmentEnterpriseshasalow-costanswer.Thisnon-governmentalorganizationhasdevelopedtechnologytoharvestrainwater.
Peoplearoundtheworldhavebeenharvestingrainwaterforcenturies.Itisasafe,dependablesourceofdrinkingwater.Unlikegroundwater,rainwatercontainsnomineralsorsaltsandisfreeofchemicaltreatments.Bestofall,itisfree.
TherainwaterharvestingsystemcreatedbyInternationalDevelopmentEnterprisesusespipestocollectwaterfromthetopsofbuildings.Thepipesstretchfromthetopsofbuildingstoatwo-metertallstoragetankmadeofmetal.Atthetopofthetankisaso-called“first-flush”devicemadeofwirescreen.Thisbarrierpreventsdirtandleavesinthewaterfromfallinginsidethetank.
Afittedcoversitsoverthe“first-flush”device.Itprotectsthewaterinsidethetankfromevaporating.Thecoveralsopreventsmosquitoinsectsfromlayingeggsinthewater.
Insidethetankisalowcoatplasticbagthatcollectsthewater.Thebagsitsinsideanotherplasticbagsimilartothoseusedtoholdgrains.Thetwobagsaresupportedinsidethemetaltank.Alltotal,thewaterstoragesystemcanholduptothree-thousand-five-hundredlitersofwater.InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaystheinnerbagsmayneedtobereplacedeverytwotothreeyears.However,ifthebagsarenotdamagedbysunlight,theycouldlastevenlonger.
InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisessaysthewaterharvestingsystemshouldbebuiltonaraisedstructuretopreventinsectsfromeatingintoitatthebottom.Thetotalcosttobuildthisrainwaterharvestingsystemisaboutfortydollars.However,InternationalDevelopmentEnterprisesexpectsthepricetodropovertime.Thegroupsaysonetankcanprovideafamilyoffivewithenoughrainwatertosurviveafive-monthdryseason.
41.PeopleinBangladeshcanuse__________asasafesourceofdrinkingwater.
A.groundwaterB.rainwaterC.drinkingwaterD.freshwater
42.Whichofthefollowingcontributestothelow-costofusingrainwater?
A.Rainwaterisfreeofchemicaltreatments.
B.Peoplehavebeenharvestingrainwaterforcenturies.
C.Thewaterharvestingsystemisbuiltonaplatform.
D.Rainwatercanbecollectedusingpipes.
43.Whichofthefollowingactuallypreventsdirtandleavesfromfallinginsidethetank?
A.abarrierB.awirescreenC.afirst-flushD.astoragetank
44.Thebagsusedtoholdwaterarelikelytobedamagedby__________.
A.mosquitoinsectsB.afittedcoverC.afirst-flushdeviceD.sunlight
45.Whatshouldbedonetopreventinsectsfromeatingintothewaterharvestingsystematthebottom?
A.Thetwobagsholdingthewatershouldbeputinsidethemetaltank.
B.Theinnerbagsneedtobereplacedeverytwoyears.
C.Thewaterharvestingsystemshouldbebuiltonaplatform.
D.Acovershouldbeusedtopreventinsectsfromeatingit.
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:
Whereonestageofchilddevelopmenthasbeenleftout,ornotsufficientlyexperienced,thechildmayhavetogobackandcapturetheexperienceofit.Agoodhomemakesthispossible,forexamplebyprovidingtheopportunityforthechildtoplaywithaclockworkcarortoyrailwaytrainuptoanyageifhestillneedstodoso.Thisprinciple,infact,underliesallpsychologicaltreatmentofchildrenindifficultieswiththeirdevelopment,andisthebasisofworkinchildclinics.
Thebeginningsofdisciplineareinthenursery.Eventheyoungestbabyistaughtbygradualstagestowaitforfood,tosleepandwakeatregularintervalsandsoon.Ifthechildfeelstheworldaroundhimisawarmandfriendlyone,heslowlyacceptsitsrhythmandaccustomshimselftoconformingtoitsdemands.Learningtowaitforthings,particularlyforfood,isaveryimportantelementinupbringing,andisachievedsuccessfullyonlyiftoogreatdemandsarenotmadebeforethechildcanunderstandthem.
Everyparentwatcheseagerlythechild'
sacquisitionofeachnewskill—thefirstspokenwords,thefirstindependentsteps,orthebeginningofreadingandwriting.Itisoftentemptingtohurrythechildbeyondhisnaturallearningrate,butthiscansetupdangerousfeelingoffailureandstatesofanxietyinthechild.Thismighthappenatanystage.Ababymightbeforcedtouseatoilettooearly,ayoungchildmightbeencouragedtolearntoreadbeforeheknowsthemeaningofthewordshereads.Ontheotherhand,though,ifachildisleftalonetoomuch,orwithoutanylearningopportunities,heloseshisnaturalzestforlifeandhisdesiretofindoutnewthingsforhimself.
Learningtogetherisafruitsourceofrelationshipbetweenchildrenandparents.Byplayingtogether,parentslearnmoreabouttheirchildrenandchildrenlearnmorefromtheirparents.Toysandgameswhichbothparentsandchildrencanshareareanimportantmeansofachievingthisco-operation.Building-blocktoys,jigsawpuzzlesandcrosswordaregoodexamples.
Parentsvarygreatlyintheirdegreeofstrictnessorindulgencetowardstheirchildren.Somemaybeespeciallystrictinmoneymatters,othersaresevereovertimesofcominghomeatnight,punctualityformealsorpersonalcleanliness.Ingeneral,thecontrolsimposedrepresenttheneedsoftheparentsandthevaluesofthecommunityasmuchasthechild'
sownhappinessandwell-being.
46.Theprincipleunderlyingalltreatmentofdevelopmentaldifficultiesinchildren__________.
A.istosendthemtoclinics
B.offersrecaptureofearlierexperiences
C.isintheprovisionofclockworktoysandtrains
D.istocapturethembeforetheyaresufficientlyexperienced
47.Thechildinthenursery__________.
A.quicklylearnstowaitforfood
B.doesn'
tinitiallysleepandwakeatregularintervals
C.alwaysacceptstherhythmoftheworldaroundthem
D.alwaysfeelstheworldaroundhimiswarmandfriendly
48.Theencouragementofchildrentoachievenewskills__________.
A.canneverbeta
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