Politeness strategy in Business LettersWord文档下载推荐.docx
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Politeness strategy in Business LettersWord文档下载推荐.docx
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politenessprinciple;
businessletters;
politenessstrategy;
application
内容摘要
英文商务信函是商务交际的一种重要方式,在商务活动中发挥着重要的作用,并被看作是现代商务交际的生命线。
信函写作的好坏将会直接影响双方在商务交际中的沟通。
英文商务信函的这一重要作用决定了在英文商务信函中必须注重礼貌策略的运用,即采取何种语言形式来使信函表现得更加礼貌。
本文首先从理论方面论述了利奇的礼貌原则及布朗和列文森的面子保全论。
然后对信函进行分类,主要分为好消息信函、坏消息信函和说服性信函,最后通过大量实例的比较,从词汇和句法等方面来论述英语商务信函应坚持的礼貌原则,以实例来论证礼貌策略在商务信函交流中的重要性。
通过对比分析得出结论,在各类商务信函中,为了达到成功交际的目的,人们往往采用一定的礼貌策略,但礼貌策略在这三种信函中的应用却不尽相同,既有共同点,也有差异。
希望这篇文章对人们的交际起到一定的帮助。
关键词:
礼貌原则;
商务信函;
礼貌策略;
运用
Contents
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………
Abstract(English)…………………………………………………………..……………...……..
Abstract(Chinese)………………………………………………………………………..…….
1.Introduction
……………………………………………………………………………..……...
2.AbriefreviewofpolitenessandEnglishbusinessletters…………………………….……….1
2.1Abriefreviewofpoliteness
……………………………………………………..………...2
2.1.1Leech’sPolitenessPrinciple
…………………………………………….………….2
2.1.2BrownandLevinson’sFaceTheory……………………………………………….3
2.2AbriefreviewofEnglishbusinessletters………………………………………………….4
2.2.1Definitionofbusinessletters……………...…………………………...…………..5
2.2.2ClassificationofEnglishbusinessletters…………………………….……………..5
2.3Therelationshipbetweenpolitenessprincipleandbusinessletters……………….………..6
3.Applicationofpolitenessstrategyinbusinessletters……………….....……………………….6
3.1Astudyonpolitenessstrategyingood-newsletters……………….………………………6
3.1.1Usingspecialwords…………………………………………………………………..7
3.1.2Usingyou-attitudelanguage…………………………….………..………………..…7
3.1.3Usingshortsentences……………..………..…………...……………………………8
3.2Applicationofpolitenessstrategyinbad-newsbusinessletter…………………………….8
3.2.1Usinggeneralword………………………….....................………………………….8
3.2.2Avoidingyou-language…………………………….…………………………………9
3.2.3Usingcomplexsentence………………..……………………………………………9
3.3Applicationofpolitenessstrategyinpersuasivebusinessletters……………….………...10
3.3.1Usingyou-attitude…………………………………………………………………...10
3.3.2Usingfactualtone………………………………………………………………......10
3.3.3Usinginterrogativesentences…………………………………………………...….11
4.Conclusion…………………………………………….………………………………...........11
WorksCited…………………………………………………………………………………….13
1.Introduction
Withtheglobalizationofworldeconomy,thepopularityoftheInternet,Englishbusinesscorrespondence,includingnotonlytraditionallettersbutalsoemailsandfacsimiles,iswidelyused.Especially,asmostbusinessorganizationssetuptheirbusinessrelationshipthroughbusinessletters,thequalityoftheletterswilldecidetheimpressionofthetwopartiesmakeoneachother.Therefore,wecansaythatbusinessletterisreallyanimage-makerinbusinesscommunication.Itisaneffectivewaytoexchangeinformationbuildupandmaintainharmoniousbusinessrelationships.Inshort,awell-writtenbusinessletterwithgoodmannersshowssincerity,considerationandgoodwilltothebusinesspartner,whichbuildsandenhancestheharmoniousbusinessrelation,thusfacilitatesthebusinesscommunication.However,apoorlywrittenbusinessletterwithbadmannersmayimpressthebusinesspartnerasinsincere,arrogantandlackofrespect,whichdoesharmtotherapportandatlastdamagesthebusinessrelation.Soweshouldpaymoreattentiontobusinesscorrespondence.
Well,inbusinessletters,politenessisamostimportantmotivatingfactorofchoosingwhatkindoflanguageshouldbeusedandwhatkindofapproachestoarrangetheletter.Agooduseofthepolitenessstrategycanhelppeoplemakeasuccessfulbusinesscommunication.Inotherwords,politenessplaysaveryimportantroleinacceleratingeffectiveandsuccessfulbusinesscommunication.Therefore,weshouldpayattentiontothepolitenessappliedinbusinessletters.
Thisthesisisorganizedintofourchapters.
Chapteroneisanintroduction,whichmakeageneraldescriptionofthestudy.
Chaptertwoistheliteraturereview,includingabriefreviewofpolitenesstheoryandbusinessletters.
Chapterthreemakesadetailedanalysisontheapplicationofthepolitenessstrategyindifferenttypesofbusinesslettersfromlexicallevelandsyntacticlevel.
Thelastpartistheconclusionofthethesis.
2.Abriefreviewofpolitenessandbusinessletters
Withtherapiddevelopmentofworldeconomy,businesscommunicationisbecomingmoreandmorefrequent.Andduringthisprocess,Englishbusinesslettersasamajorformofcommunicationplayasignificantroleinadministrationandoperationofbusiness.So,apoliteandwell-designedlettercannotonlyconveythedesiretodealwiththeotherparty,butalsocanpromotetherelationshipofbothparties.Asaresult,wecan’tignoretheimpactofpolitenessstrategyusedinthebusinesscommunication,especiallyinthedailybusinessletters.
Politenessisoneofthemajorsocialconstraintsonhumaninteractionwhichregulatesparticipant’scommunicativebehaviorbyconstantlyremindingthemtotakeintoconsiderationthefeelingofothers(theinterlocutorasathirdpartynotnecessarypresent,withanemphasisontheformer)becauseitisnecessarytoconsidertheirfeelingsoastoestablishlevelsofmutualcomfortandpromoterapport,whichinturnaccelerateandfacilitatehumancommunication.Politenessisalinguisticuniversal.Insimpleterms,politenessisthepossessionofgoodmannersandconsiderationforotherspeople.
Whenwecometothetheoreticalframeworkfortheanalysisofpolitenessstrategiesappliedinbusinessletters,it’sverynecessaryforustobrieflyreviewsomeimportantpolitenesstheoriesinrecentyears.Next,wewillmainlydiscussLeech’sPolitenessPrincipleandBrownandLevinson’sfacetheories,whicharethemaintheoreticalframeworkofthisthesis.
2.1.1Leech’sPolitenessPrinciple
PolitenessPrincipleproposedbyLeechisaninfluentialtheoryofpoliteness.Leechholdsthatmostofthetimetheactismotivatedbythedesireofpayingattentiontopoliteness.Inhisopinion,politenessdoesnotseemtohaveanythingtodowith“pragmaticprogress”,butratherwith“theattainmentofsocialgoals”(Watts7)suchasachievingthemaximumbenefitforthespeakerandheareratfileminimumcost,theultimategoalofcomity.Certainly,LeechalsoinsiststhatCooperativePrincipleisnottheonlyprinciplethatguidesandcontainshumaninteraction.PolitenessPrinciple“rescues”CooperativePrinciplebyhelpingexplainwhypeopledeliberatelyviolatetheconversationalmaximsandchoosetoexpressthemselvesinaround—aboutway.
Leech’sPolitenessPrinciplecanbestatedasfollows:
otherbeingequal,minimizetheexpressionofbeliefsthatareunfavorabletothehearerandatthesametime(butlessimportant)maximizetheexpressionofbeliefsthatarefavorabletothehearer.WecansummarizeLeech’sPolitenessPrincipleasfollows:
(1)TactMaxim,appliedinorderandpromise,aimedtominimizecosttoother,alsomeantomaximizebenefittoother
(2)GenerosityMaxim,appliedinorderandpromise,aimedtominimizebenefittoself,alsomeantomaximizecosttoself.
(3)ApprobationMaxim,appliedinexpressionandstatement,aimedtominimizedispraiseofother,alsotrytomaximizepraiseofother.
(4)ModestyMaxim,appliedinexpressionandstatement,aimedtominimizepraiseofself,alsotrytomaximizedispraiseofself.
(5)AgreementMaxim,appliedinstatement,aimedtominimizedisagreementbetweenselfandother,alsomeantomaximizeagreementbetweenselfandother.
(6)SympathyMaxim,appliedinstatement,aimedtominimizeantipathybetweenselfandother,alsomeantomaximizesympathybetweenselfandother.
AccordingtoLeech,TactMaximappearstobeamorepowerfulconstraintonconversationalbehaviorthanGenerosityMaxim.Infact,amongthesixmaxims,TactMaximisofprimaryimportanceas‘tact’istheessenceofpoliteness.Besides,TactMaximismainlyperformedinnegative,andwhorequiresthehighestrankofpolitenessandmanifestpolitenesstothegreatestextentamongallillocutionaryacts.
2.1.2BrownandLevinson’sFaceTheory
BrownandLevinson’stheoryofpolitenessisalsocalled“theface-savingview”.Itisconsideredtobethemostinfluentialandbestknownoftherecentapproachestoanaccountof
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