完整版毕业设计外文翻译外文原文文档格式.docx
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完整版毕业设计外文翻译外文原文文档格式.docx
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Received27April2007
Accepted29August2007
Availableonline29October2007
Abstract
Theimportanceofautomationintheprocessindustriesrecentyears.Intheservestoenhanceproductquality,masterthewholerangeofproducts,improveprocesssafetyandplantavailability,efficientlyutilizeresourcesandloweremissions.Intherapidlydevelopingcountries,massproductionisthemainmotivationforapplyingprocessautomation.Thegreatestdemandforprocessautomationisinthechemicalindustry,powergeneratingindustry,andpetrochemicalindustry;
thefastestgrowingdemandforisinthepharmaceuticalindustry.
Theimportanceofautomationtechnologycontinuestoincreaseintheprocessindustries.Thetraditionalbarriersbetweeninformation,communicationandautomationtechnologyare,intheoperationalcontext,graduallydisappearing.Thelatesttechnologies,includingwirelessnetworks,fieldbussystemsandassetmanagementsystems,boosttheefficiencyofprocesssystems.Newapplicationfieldslikebiotechnologyandmicrotechnologyposechallengesforfuturetheoreticalworkinthemodeling,analysisanddesignofcontrolsystems.Inthispapertheindustrytrendsthatareshapingcurrentautomationrequirements,aswellasthefuturetrendsinprocessautomation,arepresentedanddiscussed.
Keywords
Processautomation;
Futuretrends
1.Introduction
Thestartingpointsinassessingthefutureneedsforautomationare,ontheonetheother,thewayinwhichtheyarereflectedinthedevelopmentofsocietyandtheeconomy.Globalriskmanagementwillattainevergreaterimportanceinthefuture.Inparticular,bettercontrolandanticipationisneededinordertocontaintherisksrelatedtotheeconomy,environment,energyandinfrastructure.Facedwithclimatechangeandagrowingscarcityofrawmaterials,theworldneedstofindanddevelopnewenvironmentalandenergysolutions.Theworld'
swatersupplyisalsoinneedofdevelopment.Internationalcompetitionandglobalbusinessenvironmentsreacheverywhere.Businessoperationsandcapitalmarketsaredynamic;
theyseekenvironmentsthatofferthebestopportunitiesforsuccessinopencompetition.Inadditiontobusinessandproduction,alsoR&
Dseeksthebestpossibleoperationalenvironments.Economic,organizationalandtechnologicaltrendswillcausesignificantchangesinautomationtechnologyduringthenextfewyears.
Bydevelopingtechnologies,itispossibletofindsolutionstothebasicneedsofsocietyandtheindustry.Thedevelopmentoftechnologyallofthecurrentcompetitiveadvantagesandtocreatenewonesinmanynewfields,thusfurtherimprovingprosperityandwell-being.Thedevelopmentofofnewcooperationmodels:
networkingamongbusinesscompanies,universitiesandresearchinstitutes,aswellasdecision-makersinthepublicsector.Atrans-disciplinaryapproache.g.inmaterialsdevelopmentrequiresexpertiseinphysics,chemistry,biomaterials,electronics,communications,programmingandautomation.
Globalizationalongbringswithitsocialchallengesandproblemsintheinteractionbetweendifferentpopulationgroupsandcultures.Thegrowthofmulticulturalismrequiresnewmanagementpractices,knowledgeofforeigncultures,andtheabilitytosupportandtakeadvantageoftheexistenceofminoritiesanddifference.Themanagementanddevelopmentofskillsandcompetencesinadecentralizedorganizationisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.
Theimportanceofautomationintheprocessindustryrecentyears.Ittheentirechemical,oil,gasandbiotechnologyindustries.Innovativeinstrumentationsystemsnowcontrolcomplexprocesses,ensuringprocessreliabilityandsafety,andprovideabasisforadvancedmaintenancestrategies.Incessantcostpressuresinthechemicalandbioindustriesleavenoalternativetoimprovedproductivity.Companiesneedtotakeaengineeringwillplayacentralrole.Processcontrolensuresthattheplantassetscontinuouslyoperatepredictablywithinthemostprofitablerange,leadingtoagreateroutputofconsistentproducts,reliability,yieldandqualityusinglessenergy.Thistechnologywillandretrofittingactivitydesignedtoincreaseflexibility.
Inthispapertheindustrytrendsthatareshapingcurrentautomationrequirements,aswellasthefuturetrendsinprocessautomation,arepresentedanddiscussed.Thepaperisstructuredasfollows:
InSection2developmentoftheautomationmarketfortheprocessindustriesupuntil2010ispresented:
marketdevelopmentsbyindustries,regionsandproductandservices.InSection3futureautomationtechnologytrends,liketheintegrationofproductionandbusinessoperationsandindustrialcommunicationtechnologies,arediscussed.Thepaperendswithrecentaccomplishmentsandfutureapplicationtrendsinprocessautomation.
2.Developmentoftheautomationmarketfortheprocessindustriesupuntil2010
2.1.Marketdevelopmentsbyindustries
AccordingtothereportbyIntechnoConsulting(Basel,Switzerland),theworldmarketforprocessautomationwillgrowatanaverageannualrateof5.1%between2005and2010toreach94.2billion$in2010.Thegreatestdemandforprocessautomationisinthechemicalindustry,powergeneratingindustry,andpetrochemicalindustry;
thefastestgrowingdemandforisinthepharmaceuticalindustry.Theshareofinindividualapplicationsectors.
Fig.1.Developmentoftheworldmarketforprocessautomationupuntil2010—segmentationbyindustries
2.2.Marketdevelopmentbyregions
NorthAmericaistheleadingmarketforprocessautomation.Asia-PacificandEasternEuropearewinningmarketsharesfromWesternEuropeandNorthAmerica.ChinaisagrowingengineforautomationinAsia,inspiteofitslowerlevelsofplantautomation.India,too,isgainingmarketsharesworldwide.Intheservestoenhanceproductquality,masterthewholerangeofproducts,improveprocesssafetyandplantavailability,efficientlyutilizeresourcesandloweremissions.Intherapidlydevelopingcountries,masteringmassproductionisthemainmotivationforapplyingprocessautomation.Qualityandenvironmentalaspectsare,2000werefortheprocesscontrollevel,and60.7%forthefieldlevel,includingallsensors,measurementequipment,andactuatorsintegratedinthevariousprocesstechnologicalmachines.By2010,theshareofcontrollevelinfieldbuscommunicationandEthernetTCP-IPcomponents.Theformerisexpectedtogrowatarateof8.2%year,andthatofthelattershouldbearound17%.
Theshareofexternalengineeringdemandwillkeepincreasingworldwide.Itisexpectedtorisefrom13.9%in2000to15.5%in2010.Engineeringexpendituresareexpectedtofurtherincrease,especiallyinthoseindustrieswithprototypeplants.Thetrendtowardsrationalizationandplantoptimization,accompaniedbyincreasedintegrationofautomationsystemswiththeinformationsystemsoftheproductionsiteandtheenterpriselevel,willfurtheraddtotheengineeringshareoutofthetotalplantprojectcosts.
3.Futuretechnologytrendsinautomation
3.1.Currentstatusoftheindustrialcommunicationtechnologies
Evolutionofcommunicationtechnologieschangesinthestructureofindustrialautomationsystems.Upuntilnow,communicationsupportinplantautomationsystemsdefinedaccordingtothecomputerintegratedmanufacturing(CIM)concept.Inthissuchawaythateachdeviceisdesignedforaspecifictask,andspecificnetworksareusedtointerconnectdevicesatthesamelevel,i.e.thoserunningthesametask.
However,thedevicesonefunction,ormodule,whichincreasestheintelligenceleveloftheequipmentautomation.Deviceslikesensorsthatusedformeasurementnowarchitecture.Nevertheless,themostoftheprocesscontrolstrategies.
Abriefsurveyofthemostimportantindustrial,low-layerprotocols(referringtotheISOmodel)isgiveninthefollowing.Inaddition,somecurrentlyessentialoremergingprotocols
Themostwidelyavailableindustrialnetworksatthepresenttimecanbeclassifiedintothreemaincategories:
traditionalfieldbusses,Ethernet-basednetworksandwirelessnetworks.
TheworldwideleaderswithintheautomationdomainwithrespecttothenumberofinstalledFieldbusnodesarenodes)andInterbus(about7millionnodes).AgoodcommercialpositionisalsoFieldbus.Fieldbustechnologyindustrialautomation,andfulfillsthecurrenttechnicalrequirementsoflocalindustrialcommunicationsatthefieldlevelofanenterprise.
HARTandFoundationFieldbusthisdiagnosticcapabilitytotheprocesssurroundingtheinstrument.Asthistrendcontinues,wewillbenefitfrompredictiveintelligence.Wewillknowmoreabouttheofpotentialproblemsandprofit-draininginefficiencies.Wewillmovefromabnormalsituationmanagementtoabnormalsituationprevention.
Theincreaseddatatransferneedsofthecurrentlypopularofficenetworktechnology–Ethernet-basednetworks–intoindustrialenvironments.Severalorganizations(e.g.IAONA(IndustrialAutomationNetworkingAlliance))arepromotingtheuseofEthernetinindustrialautomation.Intheseapplications,thefieldbusstandardsalsoincludeEthernet-basednetworks,whichimplementtheEthernetprotocolinlowlayers.Themaindevelopmentareaisthereal-timerequirementsofthesenetworks.Currently,theworkinggroupIEC(InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission)WG11isrefiningtheRTErequirements.TheEthernet-basedindustrialnetworksincludedintheIEC61784standardare:
EthernetIP,Profinet,Interbu
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