13埃及秘辛Word下载.docx
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13埃及秘辛Word下载.docx
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beneathshiftingsands.
Othertombswerediscovered
andcompletelypillaged
butnothis.
Believinghecouldfindit,
anEnglishmannamed
HowardCartermounted
fivearduousexpeditions
buttheyyieldednothing.
In1922,hereturnedto
Egyptforasixthattempt.
Thatyearhebroughta
beautifulcanary
tobrightenhisspirits.
Theworkmencalledit
theGoldenBirdandtoldCarter
itwouldbringthemgoodluck.
Butasworkbegansuccessseemed
aremoteprospect.
Andtimewasrunningout.
Carter'
sbenefactor,
LordCanarvon
wasanEnglishearl
fascinatedbyEgypt
butevenhewaslosingfaith...
andhadthreatened
tocutoffthemoney.
YetCarterpersisted
knowingthat
iffoundintact
thetombwouldbefilled
withamazingartifacts
thatwouldhelpuspeer
throughtheshadowsoftime
toglimpseaworldofhuman
splendorlonglost
toglimpseourverybeginnings.
That'
sagreatstoryGrandpa
butIwanttoknowmore.
Youlivehereand
Iknowyoucantellme
therealstory.
About?
Well,myfriendswantme
toaskaboutthe'
'
curse'
howanyonewhoentered
KingTut'
stomb...
...willhavesometerrible
thingshappentothem.
Yes,yes,Iknow.
Idon'
tknowifIbelieveit.
Butwillyoutellmeaboutit?
Sothepharaohs,thetombs
themonuments
thegreatcivilization
whobuiltthem
youarenotinterestedin?
ButtheMummy'
scurseyoufind...
Exciting!
Yes,Icanseethat.
Allrightthen.
youshallhearallaboutit.
Butfirstwemust
takeatriptogether.
Wherewillwestartthen?
Atthesource,ofcourse.
ThesourceoftheNile.
ItisthelongestriveronEarth,
thegreatestriverinAfrica
crossingnearlyhalf
thecontinent.
Itisbornoftworivers
theWhiteNile
whichrisesnearLakeVictoria
andheadsnorth
throughUganda-and
theBlueNile
whichdescendsfromthe
highlandsofEthiopia.
Theymeetinthe
desertofSudan,
formingthemaintrunk
oftheNile.
Bythetimeitdrains
intotheMediterraneanSea
itswatershavejourneyed
morethan4,000miles.
Totheoutsideworld
thesourceofthegreatriver
wasanenduringmystery.
ButtotheancientEgyptians,
theNileflowed
fromtherealmofthegods.
ButwhathastheNile
todowithmummiesandcurses?
Everything.
Therewouldbenomummies,
noancientEgypt-infact,
noEgyptatallwithouther.
Yousee,
EgyptwithouttheNile
isadesert...
suitablefor
camelsandscorpions,
butnotgreatcivilizations.
It'
sonlyherealongthe
floodplainoftheNile
thatthedesert'
sheat
issoftened...
andaridsandisturned
torichfarmland.
Nourishedandirrigated
bytheNile,
Egyptbecamethelongest
livedofallthe
greatearlycivilizations.
Inancienttimes,
somuchwaterraceddown
fromthelushvalleys
ofCentralAfrica
thattheNileoverflowed
itsbanksinseasonalfloods.
Mineral-richsiltwascarried
towardthedesertofEgypt
fromlandsupstream,
wherewildlifeflourished.
Richlandmadepossible
avastfarmingculture
andastablecivilizationableto
turnfromdailysurvival
science,mathematics,
engineeringandastronomy.
Theystudiedtheheavens
andtheseasons
gaveusthe24-hourday
andthe365-daycalendar.
Egypt,anoldsayinggoes,
wasthegiftoftheNile.
ButtheEgyptiansbelieved
therewasonething
thesun-theGodtheycalledRe,
theGodwhocreatedeverything.
Eachmorningwithitsrising
theSunGodwouldbeborn.
Eachnightinsetting
he'
ddie.
Butthenextmorning
hewouldriseagain
neverfailing.
Hewaseternal.
Whenakingdied,
itwasbelievedthat
Hisson
thenewpharaohbecameHorus
thefalcon,
thelivingGodonearth.
AndsotheEgyptiansaccorded
theirrulersabsolutepower
whichtheyusedtobuild
anextraordinaryempire
anempireofbuildings
soenormous
andartsoexquisite
wearestilltryingtounderstand
howsuchwonderswerecreated
howstonesfromthe
desertwereturned
intotimelessmonuments.
Someoftheoldestbuildings
oneartharehere
preservedbythedesertair
andtheskilloftheircreators.
Somearesooldthat
theyhadalreadystood
athousandyears
whenTutankhamenwasborn.
TheenormousobelisksofKarnak
werecarvedfromsingleblocks
ofgranite,
movedhundredsofmilesbyboat
rolledonlogs
andperhapsleveredup
withhugetimbers.
GiantstatuesofRamsestheGreat
carvedatAbuSimbel
arestillsomeofthelargestfigures
eversculptedfromsolidstone.
tknowhowtheydidit,
butwedoknowwhy
tohonorthepharaohs,
bothinlifeandafterdeath.
Honorthepharaohsafterdeath?
Doesthathaveanything
todowithmummies?
Yes.
LookatTutankhamenforexample.
Whentheyoungkinddied,
thepriestssought
tocreate
amagicalnewbodyforhim.
For70daystheylabored,
dryingandpreservingthe
royalbodywithsalts
andointments,
thenwrappingitinhundreds
offeetoflinenladen
withprotectivejewels,
charmsandamulets.
Andfinally,
crowningthemummywith
anexquisitegoldendeathmask.
Tutankhamenwasready
fortheafterlife.
Hadtheboykinglived
anddiedathousandyearsearlier,
hewouldhavebeenburied
likepharaohslong
beforehiminamonument
ofcolossalproportions
theman-mademountain
ofstonecalledpyramids.
Theyprobablysawthe
pyramid'
sshape
asamysticallink
betweenearthandsky,
providingthepharaoh'
ssoul
withastairwaytotheheavens.
OfthefabledSevenWonders
oftheAncientWorld
onlythepyramidsof
Gizaremain-built
morethan4,000yearsago.
Nearly500feettall
theycontainsome
ofthelargestpieces
ofstoneevermovedby
humans-asmuchas50tonsormore.
Yetthiswasaccomplished
withoutwheelsorpulleys
orevenirontools.
Howintheworlddidtheydoit
withoutmodernmachinery?
Thegodscertainlydidn'
tdoit.
Theyusedtheirminds.
Knowledgebuiltthesegreat
greatstructures.
Highlysophisticatedknowledge.
Look.
AlloftheGizapyramidsarebuilt
inperfectalignment
withcertainstars.
Thattakesaknowledge
ofastronomy.
Thepyramids'
foundationsarelaidout
inperfectangles
anddimensions,
preciselycorrectfortheheight
theywantedtoreach.
Nowthattakes
knowledgeofgeometry
andmathematics.
youmustgetthesebigstones
fromdownheretoupthere
andyoumustmakethem
allfitperfectly.
Nowthattakesknowledge
anincredibleknowledgeof
engineeringandorganization.
Organization?
Absolutely.
Youjustsaidsoyourself.
Itwasn'
tthegodswhobuilt
thesegreatmonuments.
Itwaspeople.
Thousandsandthousandsofpeople.
lmaginebeingoneof
thesepeople
livinginatinyvillage
Lifewouldbeprettymuch
thesamedayin
anddayout-farming,
herdingcattle
fishingintheNile.
Thenoneday,
you'
reselectedtojourney
byboatdowntheNile.
You'
renowpartof
thegreatnationalproject
tobuildthepharaoh'
stomb.
Butyouhavenoidea
whatkindoftomb!
Andthenyouseeamonument
tothesuntolifeeternal.
Howdidtheymovesuchheavy
stonestosuchgreatheights?
Therearemanytheories,
buttheyprobablypulled
theblocksupmud-slickenedramps
raisingtheramps
asthepyramidgrew.
Masonsthensetthestones
withsuchprecisionapostcard
couldn'
tfitbetweenthem.
Tocreatethe
GreatPyramidofKhufu,
ittookover20years...
morethantwomillion
stoneblocks...
andsome20,000people.
Andtheymighthavebeenslaves,
butnowwethink
theyweremostlypeasantfarmers
recruitedtoworkhere
partoftheyear.
Withtheirhelp,
theearlypharaohsbuilt
morethanahundred
pyramids-80ofwhichsurvivetoday.
Butwhataboutthekings
whocamelater?
YoutoldmeKingTutankhamen
wasn'
tburiedinapyramid?
No,hewasn'
t.
Theystoppedbuildingthem.
Andforgoodreason.
Therewererobberswhocaredfar
moreaboutheapsofgold
thananeternaljourney.
Thepyramids,
tothesethieves,
werelikeenormous
billboardssaying,
We'
veburiedthekinginhere
andallhistreasurewithhim.'
Atanyrate,
anewplanhadtobedevised.
swhy500yearsafter
thelastpyramidswerebuilt
aneweraofkingsdecided
thatinsteadofbuildingtombs
whicheveryonecouldsee
whynotbuildtombs
whichnoonecouldsee.
Threehundredmiles
southofthegreatpyramids
acrosstheNile
fromthemoderncityofLuxor
isthisbarrenmazeof
valleysintheshadow
ofanaturalpyramid.
Herenothiefcould
findtheroyaltombs.
HerethekingsandqueensofEgypt
wouldremainimmortal
orsotheythought.
Butgreedbreedsingenuity.
Cleverlyhidingtheir
deviousenterprises,
robbersscoured
theValleyoftheKings.
Overtime,
eachofthevalleytombs
wasfound
brokenintoandcompletely
plundered-exceptforone
Exceptforthetomb
ofTutankhamen
That
atleast
iswhatHowardCarterbelieved.
And,ifhewasright
itwouldbethe
great
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