Repetition重复法文档格式.docx
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Repetition重复法文档格式.docx
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3.夺取这个胜利,已经是不要很久的时间和不要花费很大的气力了;
巩固这个胜利,则是需要很久的时间和要花费很大的气力的。
(《毛泽东选集》)
Towinthisvictorywillnotrequiremuchmoretimeandeffort,buttoconsolidateitwill.(nominalsubstitutionandverbalomission)
4.我们必须决定什么东西是应当称赞或歌颂的,什么东西是不应当称赞或歌颂的,什么东西是应当反对的。
Weshoulddecidewhattocommendandpraise,whatnottoandwhattooppose.(verbalomission)
5.自周秦以来,中国是一个封建社会,其政治是封建的政治,其经济是封建的经济。
FromtheZhouandQinDynastiesonwards,Chinesesocietywasfeudal,aswereitspoliticsanditseconomy.(clausalsubstitution)
6.另外一种方法是化学方法。
Anothermethodisthechemicalprocess./Anotherapproachisthechemicalmethod.(variation)
7.电子管通常用来放大,而真空管则是电子管的另一名称。
Anelectrontubeisgenerallyusedforamplification,andvacuumtubeisanothernameforthisdevice.(variation)
8.他就是凭这个骗人的资格,他就是有这个骗人的资格。
Hiscredentialsaredeception,that’sexactlywhathehas.(variation)
9.一个人的工作,究竟是三分成绩七分错误,还是七分成绩三分错误,必须有个根本的估价。
Wemusthaveafundamentalevaluationofaperson’sworkandestablishwhetherhisachievementsamountto30percentandhismistakesto70percent,orviceversa.(clausalsubstitution)
10.中国人从来就是一个伟大的勇敢的勤劳的民族,只是在近代落伍了。
这种落伍,完全是被外国帝国主义和本国反动政府所压迫和剥削的结果。
TheChinesehavealwaysbeenagreat,courageousandindustriousnation;
itisonlyinmoderntimesthattheyhavefallenbehind.Andthatwasdueentiretytooppressionandexploitationbyforeignimperialismanddomesticreactionarygovernments.(clausalsubstitution)
11.你没有搞好,我是不满意的,得罪了你就得罪了你。
YouhavedoneapoorjobandIamnotsatisfied,andifyoufeeloffended,sobeit.(clausalsubstitution)
12.两篇文章,上篇与下篇,只有上篇做好,下篇才能做好。
Inthewritingofanarticle,thesecondhalfcanbewrittenonlyafterthefirsthalfisfinished.(variation)
GrammaticalRepetition(语法性重复)
RepetitionoftheModified(重复被修饰语)
Examples:
1.Letusreviseoursafetyandsanitaryregulations.
我们来修改安全规则和卫生规则吧。
2.Theuseofatomicweaponsisaclearviolationofinternationallaw,inparticularoftheGenevaConvention.
使用原子武器显然违反国际法,特别是违反日内瓦公约。
3.Aerostaticsisthestudyofhowanobjectissupportedintheairbybuoyancy,thatis,itsabilitytofloatintheairasaboatfloatsonwater.
空气静力学是研究物体怎样靠浮力而飘悬于空中的学科,也就是研究物体如同船浮于水上那样飘浮于空中的能力。
4.IverymuchadmireyourdeterminationtostrengthenChina’seconomyandtoensurethatthefruitsthereofareenjoyedbythemasseswhoupholdChina’ssocialistconstruction.
我非常钦佩你们决心增强中国经济,并且决心保证使从事社会主义建设的人民群众能够享受经济发展的成果。
Drills7.1.1
5.WearethewitnessesofthescrupulousrespectoftheGovernmentofChinafortheprinciplesofnon-interventionintheaffairsofotherstatesandofitsunwaveringsupportingoftherightsofpeoplestoindependenceandself-determination.
6.Lastyear,theoutputofcoalinthisregionamountedtoabout20percentofthewholecountry;
ofsteel25percent;
ofgrain30percent;
ofcotton35percent.
7.Theycarriedwiththemdifferenttools,machinesandironandsteelplates.
8.LikeChina,too,whoseepicstruggleoverthecenturieswastoforgeanenduringunity,wearejealousofthisunityweareremoldingofthediversityofpeoples,languagesandcultures,whicharetobefoundwithinourshores.
RepetitionoftheModifier(重复修饰语)
Examples&
Drills7.1.2GuidedTranslation
1.IidentifymyselfasoneofcriticalloversandlovingcriticsoftheUnitedNations.
我自认为我既是一个批评联合国的爱护者,又是一个爱护联合国的批评者。
2.Thecompositionandthicknessofathinfilmdetermineitselectricalandmechanicalcharacteristics.
薄膜成分与薄膜厚度决定薄膜的电气特性和机械特性。
3.Weneedmaterialswhichcanbearhightemperatureandpressure.
4.Undersuitableconditionswecanproduceenergyintheelectricalformbytheconversionofheat,mechanicalandotherformsofenergy.
RepetitionoftheVerbwhichisCommontoSeveralObjects,ortheObjectwhichisCommontoSeveralVerbs(重复几个宾语所共有的动词或几个动词所共有的宾语)
Drills7.1.3GuidedTranslation
1.Wehavetoanalyzeandsolveproblems.
我们要分析问题,解决问题。
2.Thedecisiontodeployaballisticmissiledefensesystemdependsprimarilyoncost,reliabilityandcapabilityofthephased-arrayradarratherthanonothertechnologicalfactors.
部署弹道导弹防御系统的决策,主要取决于相控阵雷达的造价、可靠性和性能,而不是取决于其他技术因素。
3.Wehavecomeheretoexpressourgratitudeandthefriendship,completesolidarityandcomradeship-in-armsthatuniteourtwopeoples.
4.Thetwomenareback,talkingaboutVietnam,abouttheson-of-bitchbrigadecommanderwhodidn’tgiveadamnaboutlives,onlyhisownreputation,andsomeofthestupiditiesandscrewupsofthewar.
RepetitionofthePrepositionwhichisCommontoSeveralObjects(重复几个宾语所共有的介词)
Drills7.1.4GuidedTranslation
1.Despitehisversatilityoftalentandshiftinessofpurpose,thismanhasinhiswholelifetimebeenweddedtothemostfossilizedroutine.
尽管他有随机应变的本领,尽管他的主张反复无常,但是他终生都是极端墨守成规的。
2.Thesolidfriendshipbetweenourtwocountriestookshapeduringourprotractedstrugglesagainstcolonialism,hegemonism,andoutmodedrelationships.
RepetitionoftheVerbinChinesefortheOmittedorSubstitutedVerbinEnglish(重复被省略或被替代的动词)
InEnglish,therepeatedfiniteverborverbalphraseinthesecondclauseishabituallyunderstoodwhentheauxiliaryverbisrepeated,orthepro-verb“do”isused,oraftertheinfinitivesign“to”.Incompoundsentences,therepeatedverbsinthesecondandthefollowingclausesareoftenomitted.Theseomittedorsubstitutedverbs,however,areusuallyrepeatedintranslation.
1.Youcandoitverywell,ifyoucareto.
如果你愿意做这件事,可以做得很好。
2.Inanycaseworkdoesnotincludetime,butpowerdoes.
在任何情况下,功不包括时间,但功率却包括时间。
3.Onecannotlearntoproduceasoundfromanexplanationonly,orgetacorrectideaofaflavourfromadescription:
asoundmustbeheard,acolourseen,aflavourtasted,anodourinhaled.
人不能只从讲解中学会发音,也不能光靠描述而真正体会出某种滋味来:
声音必须耳闻,颜色必须目见,滋味必须口尝,气味必须吸入。
Drills7.1.5
4.Workwith,andnotagainst,nature.
5.Readingexercisesone’seyes;
speaking,one’stongue;
whilewriting,one’smind.
6.Thalesthoughtwaterwasthebeginningofeverything;
Anaximenes,air;
Heraclitus,fire.
7.Thedistributionofjournalsofscienceandtechnologyaccordingtolanguageshowsawidevariety.Roughlyspeaking,someof44percentofscientificjournalsarepublishedinEnglish,14percentinGerman,13percentinFrench,8percentinRussian,5percentinSpanish,4percentinItalian,andtheremainderinotherlanguagesoftheworld.
8.Factoriesknowntoproducecomponentsformissilesandsubmarinesarebeingcamouflaged,asaremissilelaunchingandtestsitesthroughouttheUSSR.(Reader’sDigest,Dec.1977)
RepetitionoftheNouninChineseforthePronouninEnglish(重复代词所代替的名词)
Englishpronouns,includingpersonal,reflexive,conjunctive,andrelativepronouns,arewidelyusedtoavoidtherepetitionofnouns.Chinese,however,preferstorepeatnounsinsteadofusingpronounsinmanycases.
1.Waterevaporatesmorerapidlywhenthetemperatureishighthanwhenitislow.
温度高,水蒸发得快;
温度低,水蒸发得慢。
2.TranslationfromEnglishintoChineseisnotaseasyasthatfromEnglishintoFrench.
英译汉不如英译法容易。
3.Achemicalchangeisoneinwhichthestructureofparticlesischangedandanewsubstanceisformed.
化学变化是改变粒子的结构、形成新物质的一种变化。
Drills7.1.6
4.Electricalchargesofasimilarkindrepeleachotherwhilethosethataredissimilarattract.
5.ThefreezingpointontheCentigradescaleis0°
andthatontheFahrenheitis32°
.
6.HespeaksEnglish,andthatverywell.
7.Thereisafeelingofresponsibilitybyparentsfortheirchildren’swelfare,thatis,theyfeelthattheyshouldhelpthemtomakeanewstartoflifeinorderthatthey(thechildren)maycareforthem(theparents)inthefuture.
RepetitionoftheNounorVerbinChinesefortheRelativeorConnectiveinEnglish(重复名词或动词,以代替英语的关系词或连接词)
1.Radarisanewlydevelopedtechniquebywhichpeoplecanseethethingsbeyondthevisibilityofthem.
雷达是一种新开发的技术,利用雷达人们能看到视线以外的东西。
2.IfshedidnotspeakwithRebeccaonthetendersubject,shecompensatedherselfwithlongandintimateconversationwithMrs.Blenkinsop,thehousekeeper,whodroppedsomehintstothelady’s-maid,whomayhavecursorilymentionedthemattertothecook,whocarriesthenews,Ihavenodoubt,toallthetradesmen.(VanityFair)
她不好和丽贝卡说起这个难出口的问题,只好和管家娘子白兰金素太太亲密地长谈了好几回。
管家娘子露了些口风给上房女佣人。
上房女佣人也许约略地对厨娘说了几句,厨娘一定又去告诉了所有做买卖的。
Drills7.1.7
3.Wehaveadvocatedtheprincipleofpeacefulco-existence,whichisnowgrowingmoreandmorepopularamongthenationsofAsiaandAfrica.
4.Peace-lovingpeoplecanonlywishthatthevictoryinelectionbeutilizedandconsolidated,andthatastablegovernmentbeformedinthatcountry.
RepetitionoftheHyponymfortheSuperordinate(重复下义词,以代替上义词)
Toavoidunduerepetition,Englishoftenemploysthehyponymorthesuperordinatetorefertothesamethingorperson,forexample:
A:
Themachinebroke.
B:
Wheredidyoubuytheoldthing,anyway?
Iboughtitatthediscounthouse.
Thentos
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