狄更斯研究Word文档下载推荐.docx
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狄更斯研究Word文档下载推荐.docx
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ATaleofTwoCities
---Itisafar,farbetterthingthatIdo,thanIhaveeverdone;
itisafar,farbetterrestthatIgoto,thanIhaveeverknown.
---Ineverhadonehour'
shappinessinhersociety,andyetmymindallroundthefour-and-twentyhourswasharpingonthehappinessofhavingherwithmeuntodeath.
GreatExpectations
---Takenothingonitslooks;
takeeverythingonevidence.There'
snobetterrule
---Asilentlookofaffectionandregardwhenallothereyesareturnedcoldlyaway--theconsciousnessthatwepossessthesympathyandaffectionofonebeingwhenallothershavedesertedus--isahold,astay,acomfort,inthedeepestaffliction,whichnowealthcouldpurchase,orpowerbestow.
ThePickwickPapers
---Itsmatterwasnotnewtome,butwaspresentedinanewaspect.Itshookmeinmyhabit-thehabitofnine-tenthsoftheworld-ofbelievingthatallwasrightaboutme,becauseIwasusedtoit...
DombeyandSon
---Ihopethatrealloveandtrutharestrongerintheendthananyevilormisfortuneintheworld
DavidCopperfield
---Myadviceis,neverdotomorrowwhatyoucandotoday.Procrastinationisthethiefoftime
---Onceagentleman,andalwaysagentleman
LittleDorrit
---Surprises,likemisfortunes,seldomcomealone.
OliverTwist
---Timeandtidewillwaitfornoman,saiththeadage.Butallmenhavetowaitfortimeandtide.
MartinChuzzlewit
---Inloveofhome,theloveofcountryhasitsrise...
TheOldCuriosityShop
---Everybodysaidso.Farbeitfrommetoassertthatwhateverybodysaysmustbetrue.Everybodyis,often,aslikelytobewrongasright.
TheHauntedMan
CharlesDickens
.BriefIntroductiontotheWriter
1.LifeStory
CharlesDickens,thegreatestrepresentativeofEnglishcriticalrealism,wasbornin1812atPortsmouth,Scotland.In1821theDickensfamilymovedtoapoorquarterinLondon.MrDickenswasheavilyindebtanddidnotknowwhichwaytoturnformoney.Thefewpossessionstheyhadweresoldonebyone,butthingsstillwentfrombadtoworse.FinallyMrDickenswastakentoprisoninLondonindebt.ShortlyafterwardsMrsDickensandtheyoungerchildrenwenttotheprisontootojointhefather.
The12-year-oldCharles,weakandsensitive,wassenttoworkinanundergroundcellaratablackingfactoryintheEastendofLondon.Worktherebeganat8inthemorningandendedat8atnight.Thiswasthemostunhappytimeofallinhislife.Hewaslonelyandhungry.Hefelthisearlyhopeofgrowinguptobealearnedandfamousmanbrokeintopieceinhisheart.Sundayshespentattheprisonandduringtheweekhewasoutworkingallday.Hehadtokeephimselfinfoodonhisownwages.
Thenhisfortunetookaturnforthebetter.Helefttheblackingfactoryandstudiedatschoolagain.ButthehardshipandsufferingputuponthesensitiveyoungCharleshadleftaneverlastingpainfulbrandontheboy’smind.Yearslaterwhenhewasaman,hewouldnotwalkbytheplacewherethefactoryhadbeensituated.AllthishadadeepinfluenceonDickens’sthoughtandworkinafteryears.WhenDickenswas15,heleftschoolforgoodandbecamealawyer’sclerk.
AfterworkhelearnedshorthandandvisitedtheBritishMuseumLibrary,fillingupthegapsinhiseducationbyreading.Theworkatthelawyer’sofficeaffordedhimthebasisofanopinionofthelawofEngland.ThenhebecameaParliamentaryreporterfornewspapers.ThusDickensgainedafirst-handknowledgeoftheparliamentarygovernmentundercapitalismandhewasfirminhisunderstandingofitasaninstrumentforcontrolanddisguisingthepoweroftheupperclasses.In1834hewastakenonthestaffofanewspaperandwentalloverthecountrygettingnews,writingstories,meetingpeopleandlearningaboutlifeingeneral.
Atthistime,Dickenswroteanumberoflittlesketches.HisfirstbookSketchesbyBozappearedin1836.Inthesameyear,apublishinghousehadacollectionofhumorouspicturessothatpicturesandarticlescouldappeartogetherinamagazine.Andthepublisherwantedtogetsomeshortarticles.SomeonesuggestedthatthenewspaperreporterDickensmightdothejob.Heaccepttheoffer,expandeditintoalongnovel.ThusPickwickPaperscameintobeing.IttellsoftheadventuresofMrPickwickandhisclub.Dickenshadbecomethemostpopularlivingnovelistofhisday.PickwickPapersswepttriumphantlyacrossEngland.Dickenswasthen24.Itatonceliftedhimintoapositionoffameandfortune.Andsincethenhislifebecameoneoftheendlesshardwork.Hepublished17novelsandatthesametimehewastheowneroreditorofseveralnewspapersandmagazines.
From1838to1841appearedOliveTwist,whichwasoneofthebestinhisearlyworks.In1842DickensmadeatriptoAmericaandhisunfavorableimpressionofthelifeintheU.S.A.werereflectedinAmericanNotesandMartinChuzzlewit.Since1844hehadspentmuchtimeontheEuropeancontinent,especiallyinFranceandItaly.Thegreatsocialmovementsinthemiddleofthe19thcenturyinspiredDickens’sfamousnovelsofsocialcriticism.RepresentativeworkswereDombeyandSon,DavidCopperfield,andHardTimes.ATaleofTwoCitieswasahistoricalnoveloftheFrenchRevolutioninthisperiod.ItwasfollowedbymorenovelsoncontemporarythemeslikeGreatExpectationsandOurMutualFriends.
In1867-1868DickensmadehissecondtriptoAmerica.BackinEnglandhestartedEdwinBrood,hislastwork,butitremainedunfinishedowingtothewriter’ssuddendeathin1870attheageof58.
DickensthemanisasinterestingasDickensthewriter.Heenjoyedlifeandwasamanofactionandbusinessintheworldaswellasastudentandwriterofbooks.Hewasendowedwithformidableenergiesandmanytalents.Hewouldhavesucceededinalmostanyprofessiontowhichhedevotedhimself.Hisinfluenceuponhisagewasextensive.InhisearlyyearsofhiscareerhewasthebestshorthandreporterontheLondonpressandthebestprofessionalactoronthestage.Aftergreatsuccessesasanovelist,hebecameoneofthemostsuccessfulperiodicaleditorsofhistime.Itissaidthathe“warmedupthesocialatmospherewhereverheappeared”.Hisconversationwasfriendly.Hislaughwasbrimfulofenjoyment.Hisenthusiasmwasboundless.Athomeheentertainedhisfriends,mostofthemauthors,journalists,actorsandartists.Hedevotedalotoftimetohisenthusiasticsearchforandgenerousassistancetoyoungtalents.Aboveallhewasonintimatetermswithhisreaders.Hislonglove-affairwithhisreadingpublic,whenallissaid,isbyfarthemostinterestinglove-affairofhislife.
PoliticallyandideologicallyDickenswasaRadical.Hesawlifefromthepointofviewofthepoorofagreatcity.Heshowedgreatconcernaboutsocialproblems,supportedallproposalsforsocialreform,advocatedanincreaseofdemocracyinallfieldsoflifeandchampionedthecourseoftheoppressed.DickensmaintainsanunbrokenfaithinpeoplewithanentirepessimismastoCapitalistsociety.Hispoliticalcreedwassummedupbyhimselfinafamoussaying,“Myfaithinthepeoplegoverningis,onthewhole,infinitesimal,myfaithinthepeoplegovernedis,onthewhole,illimitable”.Hislovefortheworkingpeopleisdeepandsincere.Tohimthegreatestliteraturewasliteratureforthepeople.Itisnotstrangethatfromtheverybeginningofhisliterarycareerthecriticsoftheupperclassdiscernedapenchantforthe“outcastsofhumanity”inhisworkswhilethepeopleofthelowerclassalwaysremainedhisenthusiasticreaders.Thusthepublicationofeachofhisbooksbecametheconcernofthousandsofhouseholdsofhisownday.
2.LiteraryCareer
Fortheconvenienceofstudy,Dickensliterarycareermaybedividedinto3periods.Thefirstperiodextendedfrom1836to1841.Atthisstagehebelievedthatalltheevilsofthecapitalistworldwouldbeputrightifonlymentreatedeachotherwithkindness,justiceandsympatheticunderstanding.Accordingtohimtherewere,ofcourse,richpeople,butthesewerecasual,accidental.Poorpeople’silleffectswoulddisappearifonlytherichusedtheirpowerandwealthysympatheticallytohelpthepoortoescapefrompoverty.Dickensthoughtthatthewholesocialquestionswouldbesettledifonlyeveryemployerreformedhimselfaccordingtothemodelsetbythekindgentlemeninhisnovels.Thisnaï
veoptimismischaracteristicofthepetty-bourgeoishumanitariansofhistime.
ThePosthumousPaperofthePickwickClubistheworkfirstmadeDickensfamousasapopularwriterofnovels.ThePickwickPapergivesarathercomprehensivepictureofearly19thcenturyEngland,andaffordsthereadersawholegalleryofvividportraitsofallwalksoflife.ThestoryevolvesroundtheadventuresofMrPickwick,aretiredwell-to-domerchantandsomewhateccentricoldfellow,whoisthefounderandchairmanofthePickwickClub.Heisbenevolentandgood-hearted,butoftengetshimselfinvolvedinunpleasantsituationasaresultofgoodnessofheart.Theplotisratherformless,butthenovelfascinatesthereadersfrombeginningtoendbyitscomicalepisodes.Thenovelhasbeencalled“thesupremeepicofEnglishlife”.Dickenswasy
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