《商务交际英语1》形成性考核册及参考答桉文档格式.docx
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《商务交际英语1》形成性考核册及参考答桉文档格式.docx
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Communicationchannelisthemodeasenderselectstosendamessage.
b.Communicatingmedia
Communicatingmediaaretowmeansbywhichtosendmessagesandtwomeansbywhichwereceivethem.Tosendmessages,wespeakandwrite;
Toreceivemessages,wereadorlisten.
c.Audienceanalysis
Audienceanalysisistheprocessusedtoexamineyourreceiveroraudience.
d.Communicationbarriers
Communicationbarriersareobstaclestothecommunicationprocess,whichisdividedintoexternalandinternalcommunicationbarriers.
e.Electronicmail
Electronicmailisasystembywhichwrittenmessagesaresent,received,andstoredbymeansofacomputer.
Activity2:
Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions:
a.Whatarethepurposesofcommunication?
Weallusecommunicationforfivebasicpurposes:
(1)toestablishandbuildgoodwill
(2)topersuade
(3)toobtainorshareinformation
(4)toestablishpersonaleffectiveness
(5)tobuildself-esteem
b.Whatarethereceivers’responsibilitiesincommunicatingprocess?
Thereceiver’sresponsibilitiesaretoreadandlisteneffectively.Focusingandensuringunderstandingarethekeystoeffectivereading.Listeningcanbealittlemoreself-threatening.Goodlistenerscheckforunderstanding,wheninlisteningsituations,goodlistenersparaphrasethemessage.
Chapter2Communicatinginadiverseworkplace
Inthetwenty-firstcentury,theworkplaceisaplaceofdiversity.Inadditiontoethnic,religious,andsocioeconomicdifference,theworkplacewillbecomeincreasinglymulticultural.Theincreaseofglobalbusinesspursuitsmakesitmorelikelythatwewillcomeincontactwithpeoplefromotherculturesorothercountries.Studentsneedtolearnhowtodealsensitivelywithpeoplefromothercultures,bothintermsofthelanguagebarrierthatmayexistandintermsofthedifferentvalues,customs,traditions,decision-makingprocesses,andprioritiesthatpeoplefromotherculturesmayhave.
Thisactivityaimstohelpyousummarizedifferentculturesyoulearntfromthecoursebookandtrainyourabilitytoobtaininformationfromotherresources.
Activity:
(6marks)
a.Studythesampleform(2marks)
Greetingcustomsaroundtheworld
country
greetingcustoms
Argentina
Shakehandsbrieflyandnodtoallpresent.Closefriendsshakehandsorembrace
Brazil
Along,warmhandshakeiscommon,uponbotharrivalanddeparture.
Canada
Shakehandsfirmly.Peoplemayjustsmileandnodininformalbusinesssituations,oriftheyhavegreetedsomeonewithahandshakeearlierintheday
France
Shakehandslightlyandquickly.Besuretogreeteachpersonpresent.
India
OnlythemostWesternizedofbusinesspeopleshakehands.Instead,expecttousethenamaste(pronouncednah-mas-tay).Foldpalmstogetherbelowyourchinandnodorbowslightly.
Japan
SomeJapanesemayextendtheirhandforalighthandshake.Ifnot,watchhowthepersonbowsandreturnthebowtothesamedepth.Thisindicatesthatyouconsideryourselfofequalstatus.Asyoubow,loweryoureyesandkeepyourpalmsflatonyourthighs.
SaudiArabia
MostSaudibusinessmenshakehandsinWesternfashion.OnlysomeSaudimenwillshakehandswithWesternwomen.
a.Fillinthefollowingtwoformsaccordingtotheabovesample.(4marks)
BodyLanguage(2marks)
Country
bodylanguagecustoms
America
Oksignrepresentsallright,inothercountriesmeansobsceneorlewdcomment.
Islam
Islamicpeopleconsiderthefeetunclean,don’tcrossyourfeetattheankle.
China
Noddingmeansyes,shakingyourheadmeansno,Greekmaytilttheheadtoeithersidetosignalyes,tosignalno,theymayslightlynodtheheadupward.
British
BritishthinkVsignmeansvictory,butforGreeks,theythinkitisimpolite.
Spreadingyourthumbmeans“askquestion”,inSingapore,itmeans“themostimportantthing”.
Thailand
Ifyouwanttosignalapersontocomenear,youshouldmovethefingersbackandforthwithpalmdown.ButintheUnitedStates,youasksomeonetocomebyholdingthepalmupandmovingthefingerstowardsourbody.
Turkey
Puttingone'
shandinone'
spocketsisasignofdisrespect,InsomeAsiancountries,youmustnottouchtheheadofanotherperson.AndinChina,peopledon'
tkissorhugeachother,excepthis\herlover.
Muslims
InChinese,peoplehandeverythingwithbothhandstoshowtheirrespect,butforMuslims,theythinkthelefthandisuncleananddonoteatorpasssomethingwithit.
PersonalSpace(2marks)
Americansappreciatepersonalspaceof18inchestothreefeet
WesternEuropeans
ThesamezoneasmostAmericans—18inchestothreefeet.
MiddleEastern
MediterraneansandHispanicculturesarecomfortablewithapersonaldistanceoflessthan18inches.
Chineseareusedtoverylimitedpersonalspaceandaregenerallycomfortablewithphysicalcloseness.
Othercountries
Prefermorethanthreefeetofpersonalspace.
ResidentofIndiamayhaveasmallerpersonalspacethansomeonewhoishomeontheMongoliansteppe,bothinregardtohomeandindividual.
Theydon’tliketouchingeachother.
Korea
Theylikestandingwithabigdistance.
(4marks)
Answerthefollowingquestions:
a.Whatmakestheworldasaglobalworkforce?
LeadingtheGlobalWorkforceprovidesahandyguideforinternationalorganizationsthatmustachieveresultsinmanagingandsustainingaglobalworkforce.Thefourteenillustrativecasesoutlinedaddressthemajorconcernsandrecruitinganddevelopinggloballeaders,globalorganizationallearning,cross-culturalcommunication,outsourcinglinefunctions,andmanagingglobalcareersandtransitionsfromsixtyoftheworldsbest-practiceglobalorganizations.
Eachcaseshowshowtheorganizationadvancedaglobalbusinessstrategywithanewinitiativeintheareasofgloballeadershipdevelopment,culturalchange,careertransition,successionplanning,changemanagement,outsourcing,andglobalperformance.Inaddition,LeadingtheGlobalWorkforcealsodescribestheoverallstrategy,planning,andimplementationoftheinitiative;
feedbackfromparticipants;
andoverallevaluationofresults.Manyofthecasescontaincompetencymodels,practicaltools,instruments,andmaterialsthatweremosteffective.
b.Howcouldyoucommunicateeffectivelyacrosscultures?
Cross-culturalcommunicationoccurswhentwoindividualsfromdifferentculturescommunicate,whetherverbally,nonverbally,orinwriting.Becausetheydon’tbelongtothesameculture,theydon’tsharethesameassumptions,values,beliefs,feelings,orwaysofthinkingandbehaving.Thesedifferencesmakethecommunicationprocesschallenging.Effectivecross-culturalcommunicationbeginswithhavinganopenattitudeaboutcommunicatingandaboutthepeoplewithwhomyouarecommunicating.Learntofindacommongroundonwhichtocommunicate.Youshouldlearnaboutandacceptculturaldifferences.Andbesensitivetowardpeoplefromothercultures,bepreparedforlanguagebarriers—andgetpastthem.Keepmessagessimpleandshort.
Chapter3Writingwithstyle
Planningandorganizingmessagesinvolvesidentifyingobjectivesandmainideasandsupplyingsupportingdetails.Dependingonthemessageandobjectiveofabusinesscommunication,informationshouldbepresentedindirectorder,indirectorder,ordirect-indirectorder.Topromotegoodwill,asallbusinesscommunicationsshoulddo,studentsshouldusecourteouswords.Inaddition,usingpreciseandup-to-datelanguagehelpsthemessagebereader-friendlyandeffective.
Thisactivityaimstoprovideskillstowritesuccessfulmessagesfromsentencebuildingtoparagraphwriting.
(2marks)
Readthefollowingparagraphs:
Variety
Completemessagescontainavarietyofsentencetypes.Youwillholdyourreaders’attentionifyouvarythelengthandstructureofyoursentencesaswellasthestructureofyourparagraphs.
Itisbesttokeepsentencesat20wordsorless.Atthesametime,itaddsinteresttohavesomenoticeablyshortsentences---perhaps10wordsorevenfewer.Usingsentencesofdifferentlengthskeepsyourwritingfromfeelingchoppyormonotonous.Asyouvarysentencelength,yoursentencestructurenaturallyvariesaswell.Alternatesimplesentenceswithcompoundandcomplexsentences.
Varyingparagraphlengthalsokeepsyourwritingfrombeingchoppy.Wehavealreadysaidthattheopeningandclosingparagraphsofamessageshouldberelativelyshort.Whenwritingyourmiddleparagraphs,planthemsothattheyaverageaboutsixtoeightlineslong.Mixinashort,two-orthreelineparagraphsometimestoaddinterest.Ashortparagraphalsoisawaytoemphasizeanimportantpoint.
(8marks)
Evaluatethepassageandwritedownyourevaluation(in100words).Judgeifitmeetstherequirements:
●Aclearobjective
●Amainidea
●Thesupportingdetails
●Receiver-orientedorwriter-oriented
●Courteouswords
●Preciselanguage
Whenwewritesomething,weshouldfollowtheguidelinesgivenastheexample.Inthemessages,weshouldhavethedifferentkindsofsentences.Inordertoattractreceiver’sattention,weshouldchangethelengthandstructureofthesentences.Thisisthemainideaandobjective
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