高考英语108所名校押题精选02 阅读理解说明文解析版.docx
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高考英语108所名校押题精选02 阅读理解说明文解析版.docx
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高考英语108所名校押题精选02阅读理解说明文解析版
押题精选02阅读理解说明文
Passage1
SpaceXwillsoonhaveawholefleetofshinysilverStarshipprototypes(原型),ifallgoesaccordingtotheplan.ElonMuskgavehisannualupdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket,respectively,thatthecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMars.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-sizeStarshipprototype,whoseassembly(组装)wascompletedjustdaysbeforeMusk'stalk.
SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hightestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Musksaid.Andamuchmoreambitiousjourneyshouldfollowinrelativelyshortorder.“Imean,thisisgoingtosoundtotallyunrealistic,butIthinkwewanttotrytoreachorbitinlessthansixmonths.”ButtheMk1won'tmakethatmilestoneflight.ThathonourwillbelikelytogotoMk4orMk5Starshipversion,Muskadded.
StarshipMk2isalreadyunderconstructionandshouldbefinishedwithinthenextcoupleofmonthsatmost.SpaceXplanstobeginbuildingtheMk3atBocaChicainaboutamonth,andthatprototypewilllikelybereadytoflyaboutthreemonthsfromnow.TheMk4willtakeshapeinFloridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.
LikemostofMusk'splans,theseconstructionschedulesarequiteambitious.SpaceXspentalotoftimeontheMk1,afterall;constructionworkonthatvehiclegoesallthewaybacktoatleastDecember2018.Butthecompanyhaslearnedalotduringthetime,sogettingaStarshiptoorbitbythespringof2020shouldbeachievable,Mustsaid.
TheMk1andMk2StarshipsareequippedwiththreeofSpaceX’snext-generationRaptorengines.VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRaptors,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.
AtpresentSpaceXisbuildingoneRaptoreveryeighttotendaysbutshouldpickupthepaceobviouslyinthecomingmonths.TherecordwillskyrocketwhenSpaceXstartsbuildingtheSuperHeavy,whichwon'thappenuntilStarshipMk4isdone.ThegoalistogettooneRaptorperdaybyearly2020atthelatest.
ThefinalStarshipcouldtaketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.AndJapanesebillionaireYusakuMaezawahasbookedacrewedflightaroundthemoonaboardthesystem,withatargetlaunchdateof2023.
12.WhatcanwelearnabouttheStarshipMk1?
A.Itisanimaginarypassenger-carryingvehicle.
B.Itisanunmannedreusablelargespaceship.
C.Itisascaled-downversionofSuperHeavy.
D.Itisastainless-steelspaceshipunderconstruction.
13.HowwillMk5bepoweredaccordingtothetext?
A.BythreeofSpaceX'snextgenerationRaptorengines.
B.ByfourofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.
C.ByfiveofSpaceX'snext-generationRaptorengines.
D.BysixofSpaceXsnext-generationRaptorengines.
14.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutMk4comparedwiththeformerStarships?
A.Itwilltakeupto100passengerstospace.
B.ItisthefirsttomakeatestflightorbitingMars.
C.Ithasbeenunderconstructionforaboutoneyear.
D.ItisexpectedtogointoEarth'sorbitbeforelong.
15.WhyisYusakuMaezawamentionedinthelastparagraph?
A.TheprojectofSpaceXispromising.
B.Spaceexplorationhascaughtonworldwide.
C.SpaceXtakestheleadintheaerospacefield.
D.Morefinancialsupportisdesperatelyneeded.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。
文章主要说明了SpaceX很快就会拥有一整支闪亮的银色星际飞船原型舰队,ElonMusk在他的年度报告中分别介绍了该公司为帮助开拓火星而建造的星际飞船和超重型,以及可重复使用的宇宙飞船和火箭。
文章详细介绍了星际飞船系列飞船的计划和配置情况。
12.B细节理解题。
根据第一段中ElonMuskgavehisannualupdateaboutStarshipandSuperHeavy,thereusablespaceshipandrocket,respectively,thatthecompanyisbuildingtohelpcolonizeMars.ThepresentationtookplaceatSpaceXsSouthTexassiteandfeaturedthe165-foot-tallStarshipMkl-thefirstfull-sizeStarshipprototype,whoseassemblywascompletedjustdaysbeforeMusk'stalk.可知ElonMusk在他的年度报告中分别介绍了该公司为帮助开拓火星而建造星际飞船和超重型,以及可重复使用的宇宙飞船和火箭。
发布会在SpaceX公司的南德克萨斯基地举行,展示了165英尺高的星际飞船Mkl,这是第一艘全尺寸的星际飞船原型,它的组装工作在马斯克演讲前几天完成。
以及第二段中SpaceXaimstolaunchthestainless-steelMk1onanuncrewed,12-mile-hightestflightinthenextmonthortwo,Musksaid.可知马斯克表示,SpaceX的目标是在未来一两个月里,在无人驾驶的12英里高空试飞不锈钢Mk1。
由此可知,星际飞船Mk1是一艘无人驾驶可重复使用的大型宇宙飞船。
故选B。
13.D细节理解题。
根据倒数第三段中VersionsstartingwithMk3,however,willbepoweredbysixRaptors,justlikethefinal,operationalStarship,whichMuskhassaidwillbecapableofcarryingupto100passengers.可知然而,从Mk3开始之后的版本,将由6架猛禽提供动力,就像最后一艘投入使用的星际飞船一样。
马斯克曾表示,这艘飞船最多可以搭载100名乘客。
由此可知,SpaceX公司的下一代猛禽发动机为Mk5提供动力。
故选D。
14.D细节理解题。
根据第三段中TheMk4willtakeshapeinFloridashortlyafterthat-anditcouldendupbeingthefirstStarshipvehicletocircleEarth.可知在那之后不久,Mk4将在佛罗里达州成形——它可能最终成为第一艘环绕地球的星际飞船。
由此可知,与以前的星际飞船相比,Mk4不久就会进入地球轨道。
故选D。
15.A推理判断题。
根据最后一段中ThefinalStarshipcouldtaketotheskiesverysoon,ifthetestingcampaigncontinuestogowell.可知如果测试活动继续顺利进行,最终的星际飞船可能很快升空。
由此可推知,最后一段提到YusakuMaezawa的目的是为了表明SpaceX的项目是很有希望的。
故选A。
Passage2
Solarpowerishelpingbringaboutafutureofcleanerenergy,buttherearelimitstowhererigidsolarpanels(刚性太阳能电池板)cango.Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(钙钛矿)cangoalmostanywhere,saysphysicistOlgaMalinkiewicz.Wecanuseperovskitecellsonthesurfacesofthebuilding,ontheroofsofthebuildings,ontheroofsofthecarsandontheelectronicdevices.Wecanuseitonthesails.Wecanuseitintheballs,tentsandunlimitedapplications.Malinkiewiczsaysperovskitehasbecomeafavoriteamongsolarpanelresearchers.Becauseitcanbeprinted,everyonecanuseitoneverysurface.
Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.Sheco-foundedacompanytoproducethem,calledSoleilTechnologies,aftertheBalticsungoddess.ConstructioncompanySkanskaistestingthepanelsattheirWarsawheadquarters.AdamTargowskiissustainable(可持续的)developmentmanagerforSkanska.Theyworkperfectly,evenwhentheyarenotwellexposedtosunlight.Sowecanusetheminallsurfacesofthebuilding.Soleilcalculatesthataboutonesquaremeterofpanelcansupplyaday’sworthofpowerforoneworker’scomputerandlights.Andtheykeepgettingbetterasresearchcontinues,saysthecompany’sscientificdirectorKonradWojciechowski.
Forothertechnologies,ittookdecadestoreallyentermarkets.Perovskitehasbeenaroundonlyforfewyearsinscientificresearch,sothereisstillalottobedone,butpotentialisbasicallyprettymuchunlimited,Ithink.Therearestilldurabilityandotherproblemstoworkout,butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.
12.Whatdoweknowaboutperovskitesolarcellfromthefirstparagraph?
A.It’sdelicate.B.It’scomplex.C.It’sflexible.D.It’sexpensive.
13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inthesecondparagraphreferto?
A.SkanskaandAdamTargowski.
B.MalinkiewiczandSkanska.
C.SoleilTechnologies.
D.Perovskitepanels.
14.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A.Itneedsyearstoputperovskitepanelsintomarkets.
B.Scientiststhinkperovskitepanelsarereadyformarkets.
C.Perovskitehasbeenstudiedfordecades.
D.Perovskitepanelswillsoonbeseeninthemarket.
15.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?
A.Toexplainhowtouseperovskitepanels.
B.Tointroduceperovskitepanels.
C.Toadvertiseanewsolarpowercell.
D.Toproposescientiststofurtherstudyperovskietcells.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景。
12.C细节理解题。
根据第一段中的“Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskitecangoalmostanywhere”可知,钙钛矿太阳能电池没有安装位置的限制,由此可知它具有灵活性,故C项正确。
13.D词义猜测题。
根据第二段第一句“Malinkiewiczdevelopedawaytoprintperovskitepanelslikeaninkjetprinter.”可知,Malinkiewicz发明了一种打印钙钛矿电池板的方法,就像喷墨打印机一样,这类钙钛矿电池板特别好用,不管是否完全暴置于日光下都很好用,由此可知they指代的就是前面提到的钙钛矿电池板,故D项正确。
14.D推理判断题。
根据最后一段中的“butseveralcompaniesexpecttohaveperovskitepanelsonthemarketthisyear.”可知,一些公司已经打算今年在市场上出售钙钛矿电池板了,由此可知,很快就能在市场上看到钙钛矿电池板,故D项正确。
15.B主旨大意题。
通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的“Anewkindofsolarcellmadewithamineralcalledperovskite(钙钛矿)cangoalmostanywhere”可知,本文主要介绍了一种新型太阳能电池——钙钛矿电池板的优点和前景,由此可知本文的目的就是介绍钙钛矿电池板,故B项正确。
Passage3
WanderingtheBritishMuseum,youcanseesomeofthefinestobjectsevercreatedbyhumanhands.Butsomeofourmostpreciousobjectsarethingsthatwereoncethrownaway.Today,theyhavebecomeinvaluabletoolsforlearningaboutthepast.
OndisplayinRoom3,Disposable?
exhibitsagroupofobjects:
findsfromStapleHowe,asettlementsometimebetween700BCand450BC.Thesepotpieces,animalbones,andtoolswerecastasidewhentheywerenolongeruseful.Thousandsofyearslatertheyallowustostudythepeoplewhomade,used,andthrewthemaway.FromStapleHowe’srubbishweknowthatitsinhabitantswereveryresourceful:
abrokenpotwasrecycledtomakeaspindlewhorl,andarazorhasbeenheavilysharpenedtolengthenitslife.
ThesecondhalfoftheDisposable?
displaysthehumanimpactofmodemwasteinthePacificIslandnations.Single-useproductsmadefromplasticareoftenthrownawaypoorly.Thishasledtoalmosteightmillionmetrictonsofplasticenteringouroceanseveryyear.
AsimpleyettechnicallybeautifulyellowfishingbasketmadebyGuamartistGuerrerohighlightstheplasticwasteprobleminthePacific.Forcenturies,fishingbasketsinGuamweremadeofcoconutleavesbuthereGuerrerousedplasticwrappingfoundonhislocalbeach.Whilethebasketismadeusingtraditionaltechniques,theplasticwrappingismoredurablethanplantfibers.Guerrerohasfoundacreativeandpracticalwaytogivethissingle
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