北京市海淀区学年高三下学一模习英语试题解析版.docx
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北京市海淀区学年高三下学一模习英语试题解析版.docx
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北京市海淀区学年高三下学一模习英语试题解析版
海淀区2021-2022学年第二学期期中练习
高二英语
本试卷共10页,100分。
考试时长90分钟。
考生务必将答案答在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一局部知识运用(共两节,30分)第一节(共10小题;每题L5分,共15分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最正确选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Iwasabouttosleepwhensomeoneknockedonmywindow.Knock,knock.Thenathree-secondpause.
Knock,knock.ImmediatelyIknewitwasmybestfriend,Ben.Theknock]wasouremergencycallwhichnevermeansanythinggood.
“What'sgoingon?
"Irushedtoopenthewindowandasked.
Benclimbedin."Badnews."Hegavemea2look,andIimmediatelyknewwhatitwas.Myheart
3.1gavehimanod,andhesighedinresponse.
“Whereto?
”Iasked.
“Virginia.”
“That'sfarfromFlorida."
Welookedateachotherknowingwewerethinkingthesame.BothBenandIhadparentsintheairforce.Wewereusedtofrequentmoves.
BenandIbecameclosefriendssinceIcrashedintoBen'sstandandsentplasticcupsoflemonadeflyingintotheheavens.Atfirst,I4Florida.Everythingchanged,though,whenI5rollers-katedintoBen'slemonadestand.
“Itmusthavebeenfate!
”weclaimed.ButIthinkthat,maybe,therewassome6inthatlemonade,andthatasitraineddownonus,itcastaspellmakingusfriendsforever.
“MaybeyourfamilywillgetmovedtoVirginiatoo."Bensaid.
“Yeah,maybe.^^Iknewthechancewaslow,butIchosetohope.
Bengrinnedatme.Thoughitlookedsad,Isaw7inhimtoo.
"I'llhavealemonadestand8fbryou.”
“ThenI'llpackmyroller-skates.
“Thenrilwearaponcho(雨披)
We9.ThehumidFloridanightclosedaroundus,andIfeltatinydropofliquidsplashonmyarm.Iknewitwasprobablyrain,butstill,Ithoughtthat,maybe,itwasadropofmagiclemonade,becausenothingon
name.(很多儿童文学作品都试图从一个聪明、温柔的成年人的角度来解释世界,而克利里创作的人物那么以只有儿童才能看到的视角来看待世界。
带着极大的兴趣,我读了每一本写着贝弗利・克利里名字的书)”可知,TheMouseandtheMotorcycle令作者印象深刻是因为它从儿童的视角来描述世界。
应选D。
[25题详解】推理判断题。
根据倒数第四和第三段“"Andmybestfriendwhodidherprojectondolphins一becameadolphin!
’"'Really?
”thestudentssaidinchorus.('我最好的一个做海豚项R的朋友变成了一只海豚!
''真的吗?
'学生们异口同声地说)”推知,当孩子们得知作者的一个朋友变成了海豚时他们感到很惊讶。
应选A。
【26题详解】主旨大意题。
根据文章的主要内容,尤其倒数第六段的“I'vewritteneightchildren'sbooksandhavealwayskeptBeverly'ssenseofwonderinmind.(我已经写了八本儿童读物,并一直将贝弗利的好奇心铭记在心)”和“Ichosechildren'sauthors,withalargechunkofmyprojectbeingaboutwhoelse?
BeverlyCleary!
(我选择了儿童作家,我的工程很大一局部是关于贝弗利・克利里!
)”和最后一段"ThafswhatBeverlyClearytaughtme.Inthehandsofagiftedstoryteller,anythingispossible...andsoveryfunny.(这是贝弗利•克利里教我的。
在一个有天赋的小说家手中,一切皆有可能,并且非常有趣)”可知,本文主要讲述了作者是如何受到贝弗利•克利里的启发成为一名作家的。
应选D。
C
Whenachunkoficefellfromacollapsingglaci6r(冰川)ontheSwissAlps'MountEigerin2017,partofthelongdeepsounditproducedwastoolowforhumanearstodetect.Butthesevibrationsheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche's(崩塌)criticalcharacteristics.
Low-frequencysoundwayescalledinfrasoundthattravelgreatdistancesthroughtheatmospherearealreadyusedtomonitoractivevolcanoesfromafar.Nowsomeresearchersinthisfieldhaveswitchedfocusfromfiretoice:
dangerousblockssnappingoffglaciers.Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesbutneverice,saysBoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson."ThiswasdifferentJJohnsonsays."Asignatureofanewmaterialhasbeendetectedwithinfirasound.”
Usuallyglaciersmovefartooslowlytogenerateaninfrasoundsignal,whichresearcherspickupusingdetectorsthattrackslightchangesinairpressure.Butacollapse——asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier'smainbody-isaprolificinfrasoundproducer.Glacialcollapsesdriveiceavalanches,whichposeanincreasingthreattopeopleinmountainousregionsasrisingtemperaturesweakenlargefieldsofice.Aglacier"canbecomedetachedfromthegroundduetomelting,causingbiggerbreak-o他JsaysUniversityofFlorencegeologistEmanueleMarchetti,leadauthorofthenewstudy.Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.
Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponents(suchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakes)withoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmieL“ThemodelusedbyMarchettiisafirstapproximationforthis;'shesays.Isolatingtherelevantsignalhelpstheresearchersmonitoraniceavalanche'sspeed,pathandvolumefromafarusinginfrasound.
Marchettiandhiscolleaguesarenowworkingtoimprovetheirdetectorstopickupmoresignalsacrossat-riskregionsinEurope,andtheyhavesetupcollaborationsaroundthecontinenttobetterunderstandsignalsthatcollapsingglaciersproduce.Theyarealsorefiningtheirmathematicalanalysistofigureouteachicecascade'sphysicaldetails.
27.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2andParagraph3?
A.Infrasoundhasamajorroletoplayindiscoveringnewmaterials.
BIceavalanchesareabiggerthreattopeoplethanvolcaniceruptions.
C.Researchersaretryingtouseinfrasoundindetectingiceavalanches.
D.Scientistsemployinfrasoundmoreinmountainareasthaninotherplaces.
28.Whichisanadvantageofinfrasoundoverradar?
A.Thecombinationwithotherrelevantsignals.
B.Theaccuracyinlocatingacertainavalanche.
C.Theabilityinpickingupsignalsinwiderareas.
D.Thesensitivityintrackingairpressurechanges.
29.Theunderlinedword“this”inParagraph4refersto.
A.distinguishingdifferentcomponentsofasignaldetectingmultipleavalanchesatthesametime
B.calculatingthespeedandpathoficeavalanchesmonitoringthespecificlocationoficebreak-offs
30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.FromFiretoIceB.GlacierWhispers
D.SecretofIceAvalanches
D.SecretofIceAvalanches
C.NatureisWarning
【27〜30题答案】
【答案】27.C28.C29.A30.B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。
文章介绍冰崩会发出大量的次声波,研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。
【27题详解】细节理国军题。
根据第二段的Previousworkhasanalyzedinfrasoundfromsnowavalanchesbutneverice,saysBoiseStateUniversitygeophysicistJeffreyJohnson.(博伊西州立大学的地球物理学家JeffreyJohnson说,之前的工作分析过雪崩的次声,但从未分析过冰的次声)”和第三段的“Butacollapse—asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier'smainbody-isaprolificinfrasoundproducer.(但是冰川的崩塌冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂是大量次声的产生者)”和“Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseeknewwaystomonitoranddetect
suchcollapses.(随着威胁的增加,科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌)”可知,从第二和第三段我们知道研究人员正试图利用次声探测冰崩。
应选C。
【28题详解】细节理解题。
根据第四段的“Researchersoftenuseradartotrackiceavalanches,whichisprecisebutexpensiveandcanmonitoronlyonespecificlocationandneighboringavalanchepaths.Infrasound,Marchettisays,ischeaperandcandetectbreak-offeventsaroundamuchbroaderareaaswellasmultipleavalanchesacrossamountain.(研究人员经常使用雷达来跟踪冰雪崩,这种方法精确但昂贵,而且只能监测一个特定的位置和邻近的雪崩路径。
马尔凯蒂说,次声探测技术本钱更低,可以探测到更广阔的区域附近的断裂事件,以及山脉上的屡次雪崩)”可知,和雷达相比次声探测的优势是能接收更大范围内的信号。
应选C。
【29题详解】词句猜想题。
分析句子可知,句中this应指代上文出现的内容。
根据第四段的“Itischallenging,however,toseparateasignalintoitscomponents(suchastrafficnoises,individualavalanchesandnearbyearthquakes)withoutadditionalmeasurements,saysETHZurichglaciologistMalgorzataChmiel.(然而,苏黎世联邦理工学院的冰川学家MalgorzataChmiel说,在没有额外测量的情况下,将一个信号分解成它的组成局部(如交通噪音、单独的雪崩和附近的地震)是一项挑战)”推知,this指代”区分信号的成分”,即马尔凯蒂使用的模型是区分信号成分的初步近似(该模型能区分出信号的不同成分)。
应选A。
【30题详解】主旨大意题。
根据文章的主要内容,尤其第一段的"Butthesevibrationsheldakeytocalculatingtheiceavalanche's(崩塌)criticalcharacteristics.(但这些振动是计算冰崩临界特性的关键)”和第三段的“Butacollapse-asudden,rapidbreakingoficefromtheglacier'smainbody-isaprolificinfrasoundproducer.(但是冰川的崩塌冰川主体的冰突然迅速断裂是大量次声的产生者)”和“Asthethreatgrows,scientistsseek
newwaystomonitoranddetectsuchcollapses.(随着威胁的增加,科学家们寻求新的方法来监测和探测这种崩塌)”可知,冰崩会发出大量的次声波,研究人员正在尝试用次声探测技术来检测和探测冰崩。
故B项“冰川低语”可以作为本文标题,吸引读者。
应选B。
D
Inover25years,DeSimonehasspunhisresearchfindingsintocommercialgoldbylaunchingseveralbusinesses.AsafacultymemberattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,heprovidedscientificadviceandheldequityinthebusinesses.Buthehasneveractuallymanagedhiscompanies.Hisemployersbarhimfromsimultaneouslyholdinganacademicpostandanexecutiveposition.Thedualrolescanpresenthugeconflicts.
Conflictsofinterest(COIs)occurwhenanindividuaPspersonalinterests-family,friendships,financial,orsocialfactors一couldcompromisehisorherjudgment,decisions,oractionsintheworkplace,anditmakessoundcareersensetothinkabouthowtomanagethem.Researchersshoulddisclosepotentialorexistingconflictsacrossallaspectsofacademiclife.
Inmostplaces,COImanagementrunsonanhonorsystem.Researchersdecidewhichfinancialholdingsandrelationshipstodisclosetouniversityadministrators.Journalsandfundersadoptasimilarsystemwhentheyaskauthorsandpeerreviewersaboutpotentialconflictsrelatedtomanuscriptorgrantapprovals.
Mostresearchinstitutionsoffertrainingtohelpfacultymemberstounderstandwhatconstitutesapotentialorexistingconflict.Administratorsthendecidewhethertheinterestpresentsaconflict,andwhetherthatconflictcanbehandled.Ifso,theycreateamanagementplantoaddressit.Ifnot,researchersmustabandonthework,partnerwithresearchersatotherinstitutions,orleavetheiruniversity.
Perceptionplaysapartindefiningapotentialconflict,warnsWalt,achemistatTuftsUniversity.Investigatorswhodevelopatechnologyinthelaboratoryandthentransferittotheircompanycouldcreateaconflictofinterestintheeyesoftheirstudents,Waltsays.Butthe
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