专升本主旨大意题技巧和练习.docx
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专升本主旨大意题技巧和练习.docx
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专升本主旨大意题技巧和练习
阅读理解之主旨大意题题型分析及技巧
主旨大意题要求对文章的整体或局部(如段落)进行分析、概括,归纳相关部分的中心大意(Mainidea),选择标题(title),判断作者的写作目的(purpose)等,旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。
这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。
记叙文、议论文常考文章的主旨大意。
一主旨大意题的常见问题形式
1.MainIdea类型:
选项形式为陈述句。
要求考生选择表达作者思想、观点的句子。
典型问题形式:
Whatisthemainidea/pointofthispassage?
Themainideaofthisarticleis______.
Thispassageismainlyabout______.
Thecentralpointoftheselectionis_______.
Themajorpointdiscussedinthepassageis_____.
Theaimofthewriteristoshowthat._______.
Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?
Themainideaofthepassagemaybebestexpressedas_____.
2.MainTopic类型:
选项形式为名词或名词词组。
要求考生指出文章的Topic(论题)或Subject(主题),或Title(标题)等。
典型问题形式:
Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?
Thepassageischieflyconcernedwith_______.
Whatisthemainsubjectofthepassage?
Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe_____.
Whattopicistreatedinthispassage?
Themainideaofthisselectionmaybebestexpressedas______.
Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthethemeofthepassage?
Thetitlebestexpressestheideaofthepassageis_____.
Thepassagecanbeentitled_________.
3.Purpose类型:
选项形式多为动宾结构。
要求考生找到主要的写作目的。
典型问题形式:
Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinthepassage?
Theauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassageisto_____.
二主题句的位置
1.主题句在段首,开门见山,提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。
一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后的句子则是论证性细节。
例如,你外出旅行,回到家一进门你就说:
"这次旅行真倒霉"。
这句话就可视为一个主题句,它是你接下来将要说的整段话的主要意思所在。
在这第一句之后你会说出许多细节来说明你这次旅行为什么倒霉。
在论说文,科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。
有些段落,在主题句后面有明显的引出细节的信号词。
常见的信号词有forexample,anexampleof,themostimportantexampleof;first,second,next,last,finally;tobeginwith,also,besidesthat;one;theother,some,others,等等。
在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。
例1Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrisingsoquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.Ifwecontinuetodothis,humanlifeonearthwillnotsurvive.
注意:
分清mainidea和supportingsentences
例2Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.Somefeelthattheyhaven'teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat.Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal.Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti,eggplant,andfreshfruit.Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast--foods:
ahamburgerorhotdog,Frenchfriesandasoftdrink.
Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressesthemainideaoftheparagraph?
A.Somepeoplelikesteakandothersredmeat.
B.Vegetablesareveryhealthyforyou.
C.Howfoodispreparedhasalottodowithhowwellapersonmaylikeit.
D.Differentpeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood.
这段文章的第一句就是主题句,确切地表明了本段的中心思想。
因此D为正确答案。
练习:
请阅读下列短文并找出主题句
1.Africa--ThefightagainststarvationinsixWestAfricannationsisbeinghamperedbytherainyseason.Heavyrainsareturningthedirtroadsintomuddyrivers.Reliefwillhavetowaitforadryspellwhichseemsnowhereinsight.Theweatherbureauismaintainingsilenceforfearofcausingincreasedalarm.
2.London'sweatherisstrange.Itcanrainseveraltimesaday;eachtimetherainmaycomesuddenlyafterthesunisshiningbrightly.TheairisdampandchillrightthroughJuly.OnoneMarchafternoonHamptonHeathlastyear,itrainedthreetimes,therewasonehailstorm,andthesunshonebrilliantly--allthiswithintwohours'time.Itisnotunusualtoseemenandwomenrushingdownthestreetonasunnymorningwithumbrellasontheirarms.Nooneknowswhatthenextfewmomentswillbring.
3.Survivinginthejungleisascience.Thejunglepeoplehavebecomeperfectinthisscience,andyoucantoo.Learnasmuchasyoucanaboutwhattoexpectinthejungle.Makesureyouhavethejungle.Makesureyouhavetherightequipment.Thennopartofthejunglewillseemcompletelyunfriendlyorfrightening.Infactyouwillbeableto"liveoff"itforalongtime.
4.PerhapsmorethananyotherpeopleAmericanshavecometodependontheircars.Thefamilycarhasbeenacommonthingsinceearly20thcentury,andithaschangedAmericanlife.ManypeoplehavemovedoutsideofthelargecitiestothesuburbsSomeAmericansspendtwohoursadayormoreintheircarsgoingtoworkandhomeagain.CarshavebecomethemeansoftransportationformostAmericans.
5.Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorter
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- 关 键 词:
- 主旨 大意 技巧 练习