像鲁滨逊一样在逆境中创造精彩的英语论文.docx
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像鲁滨逊一样在逆境中创造精彩的英语论文.docx
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像鲁滨逊一样在逆境中创造精彩的英语论文
像鲁滨逊一样在逆境中创造精彩的英语论文
Abstract:
RobinsonCrusoeisalegendarypersoncreatedbyDanielDefoe.Hesurvivedonalonelyislandfortwenty-eightyearswithhisamazingwillpower.Andfinallyheovercametheadversityandcreatedthesplendorofhisownlife.Whenhewasconfrontingadversity,heknewtoloseisanotherwaytogain,andhemadeplansforhisfuturelife.Hedideverythingaordingtocertainplans.Andhenevergaveup.Nowadays,peopleliveinabettersociety.NobodywouldhavetheexperienceslikeRobinson’s,butpeoplemayeacrosssomedifficultyoradversity.Whentheyareconfrontingtheadversity,theyshouldadjusttheirattitudes,makeplansforthefutureactively,begoodatbringingforthnewideasinadversity,andnevergiveupthehopetogetoutofit,struggleagainstitindomitablylikeRobinsonCrusoe.Eventuallytheywillgetoutoftheadversity,andcreatethesplendoroftheirownlives.
KeyWords:
adversity;hope;innovation;perseverance;splendor
Introduction
ItiswellknownthatRobinsonCrusoeisagreatcharacterbyDanielDefoe.ThoughRobinsonisafictitiousgreatperson,hetellspeoplethetruththatweshouldconfronttheadversityproperly.
RobinsonCrusoe’slifeisfulloflegends.HewasborninagoodfamilyinthecityofYork.Owingtohisramblingthoughtsaboutgoingtothesea,hebrokeloosetobeasailoragainsthisparents’will.Unfortunately,hewascaughtbytheMorningandbecameaslaveattheAfricanshore.Becauseoftheunbearablelife,heescapedfromhisPatroninaboat.Thenhewassavedbyafreighter.AndhewassenttoBrazilssafely.Hebecamerichbyplantation.ButwhensomeonesuggestedgoingtotheseatobuyandsellNegroes,hesurrenderedhimselftohisdreamagain.ThenhesteppedonhiswaytonavigationtoAfrica.Onthewaythere,theywerecaughtinaviolentstorm,whichbroughtdeathtoeveryoneexceptRobinson.Hewasdrivenbythecurrentanddriftedtoanislandandwassaved.Sincethenhebeganhislifeontheisland.
Robinson’slifeontheislandisthemostwonderfulpartofthewholestory.Robinson’stwenty-eightyearslifeontheislandisalaimedastheacmeofperfection.Confrontingsuchanadversity,Robinsonshowedhisamazingwillpowerandstaunchlife-force.Healsoshowedpeoplehowtodealwithadversityinlife.Undersuchanadversecircumstance,heovercamevariousdifficultiesandcreatedsplendorofhislife.
Nowadays,peoplewillnothaveRobinson’sexperiences.Butpeoplewillrunintovariousadversities.Howwillpeopleconfrontadversity?
Inreallife,nobody’slifeisplainsailing.Therewillalwaysbesomebumporadversity.Whenpeoplearethrownintosuchsurroundings,theyarealwaysfullofremorse,notknowingwhattodo.LearningfromRobinson’sexperiences,peopleshouldlearnhismethodsandattitudestowardsadversity,confrontadversityproperlyandcreatesplendoroftheirownlives.
I.Robinson’sAttitudestowardstheAdversityReflectedfromHisTwenty-eightYears’LifeontheIsland
Robinson’slifeisfullofvariousadversities,andespeciallyhis28years’lifeontheislandisthemostarduousoneoftheall.Andtheexperienceoflivingontheislandcanshowbesthisattitudestowardstheadversity.Itisshowedinthefollowingaspects:
A.LearningtoLoseinAdversity
Robinsonisnotapersonwhowasbornwithcouragetoconfronttheadversity.Heisnotamanwhoiseagertolivestably.Butowingtohisrebelliousthoughtsaboutsailing,heisalwaysfacedwithvariousadversities.Whycanhedealwiththeadversitywell?
Itishisattitudethatisthemostimportantfactor.
Whentheadversityes,ishehappy?
No.Justashesaid,hehadadismalprospectofhiscondition.ItiseasytoseethatRobinsonalsofeltmiserable.Thoughtheadversitycameunexpectedly,andRobinsonalsoplainedabouthisconditioninthebeginning,hecanconverthisthoughttoanotherone:
Butsomethingalwaysreturnedswiftuponmetocheckthesethoughts,andtoreproveme;andparticularlyoneday,walkingwithmyguninmyhandbytheseaside,Iwasverypensiveuponthesubjectofmypresentcondition,whenReason,asitwere,expostulatedwithmet’otherway,thus:
“Well,youareinadesolatecondition,’tistrue,butprayremember,wherearetherestofyou?
Didnotyoueelevenofyouintotheboat?
Wherearetheten?
Whywerenottheysavedandyoulost?
Whywereyousingledout?
Isitbettertobehere,orthere?
”AndthenIpointedtothesea.Allevilsaretobeconsideredwiththegoodthatisinthemandwithwhatworseattendsthem.(DanielDefoe,49)
Itishistransposingthoughtsthatchangedhisattitudestowardslife.Whenhefeltmiserableabouthiscondition,hethoughtofhispanions’misfortunes.Heunderstoodthathisconditionisnotbadparedwiththem.Ashesaid:
“Allevilsaretobeconsideredwiththegoodthatisinthemandwithwhatworseattendsthem.”Itisjustthesameasthetruththattoloseisanotherwaytogain.ThereisnodoubtthatRobinsonlostmanythings,suchashispanions,hisfortablelife…Buthegotmore.Hewassurvived,whichisthemostimportantforhim.Thatisenough.Lifeiseverything.Wherethereislife,thereishope.
Besides,Robinsonknewhowtosetthegoodagainsttheeviltoenjoytheforts.
EVIL
Iamcastuponahorribledesolateisland,voidofallhopeofrecovery.
Iamsingledoutandseparated,asitwere,fromalltheworldtobemiserable.
Iamdividedfrommankind,asolitaire,onebanishedfromhumansociety.
Ihavenotclothestocoverme.
Iamwithoutanydefenseormeanstoresistanyviolenceofmanorbeast.
Ihavenosoultospeakto,orrelieveme.
GOOD
ButIamalive,andnotdrowned,asallmyship’spanywas.
ButIamsingledout,too,fromalltheship’screwtobesparedfromdeath;andhethatmiraculouslysavedmefromdeathcandelivermefromthiscondition.
ButIamnotstarvedandperishingonabarrenplace,affordingnosustenance.
ButIaminahotclimate,whereifIhadclothesIcouldhardlywearthem.
ButIamcastonanisland,whereIseenowildbeaststohurtme,asIsawontheofAfrica.AndwhatifIhadbeenshipwreckedthere?
ButGodwonderfullysenttheshipinnearenoughtotheshorethatIhavegottenoutsomanynecessarythingsaswilleithersupplymywants,orenablemetosupplymyselfevenaslongasIlive.(DanielDefoe,52)
ItisjustasRobinsonsaidthatuponthewhole,herewasanundoubtedtestimony,thattherewasscarceanyconditionintheworldsomiserable,buttherewassomethingnegativeorsomethingpositivetobethankfulforinit;andletthisstandasadirectionfromtheexperienceofthemostmiserableofallconditionsintheworld,thatwemayalwaysfindinitsomethingtofortourselvesfromandtosetinthedescriptionofgoodandevilonthecreditsideoftheaount.
Robinsonmadeaparisonbetweentheevilandgood,andunderstoodthathegotmorethanhelostindeed.Astimewenton,helearnedtotakemoreuponthebrightsideofhiscondition,andlessuponthedarkside,andtoconsiderwhatheenjoyedratherthanwhathewanted.Somebodythinksthatifonegetsgreatprestige,hewilllosethefreedomthattheordinaryhave;ifonegetsenormouswealth,hewilllosetheeasewhenheissleeping;ifonegetsbriskbusiness,hewilllosealotoftime…Inaword,ifeveryonecanthinkofhisowngainandlossseriously,hewillfindthatthereisreallossinvaryingdegreesintheprocessofgaining.
B.MakingPlansfortheFutureontheIsland
sothatIhadatolerableviewofsubsistingwithoutanywantaslongasIlived;forIconsideredfromthebeginninghowIwouldprovidefortheaidentsthat
mighthappenandforthetimethatwastoe,evennotonlyaftermyammunitionshouldbespent,butevenaftermyhealthorstrengthshoulddecay.(DanielDefoe,50)
Fromthis,peoplecanseethatRobinsonisaforesightedperson.Whenheranintotheadversity,hecoulddealwithitcalmly,andhecouldconsiderhisfuturerationally.Somepeoplewilllosehisreasoningpowerwhenheisinabadcondition.ButRobinsonmadeplansforhisfuturelifeontheisland.Forexample,hemadeaplanforhisdailywork:
everymorninghewalkedoutwithhisgunfortwoorthreehoursifitdidnotrain,thenworkeduntilabouteleveno’clock,thenatewhathehad,andlaydowntosleepfromtwelvetotwoastheweatherwasexcessivelyhot,andthencontinuedtoworkuntiltheevening.
Hemadeplannotonlyforhisdailyworkbutalsoforhisfood,bulletsand
powder.Hisfoodwasverylimited.Healwaysatecannily.Andhetriedhisbesttofindsomethingeatable.Sometimeshewenthunting,whichhecouldgetsomemeatforeatingthrough.Andhetriedtotamethesheep.Thenhegotnotonlymilkbutalsosomemutton.Hisbulletswereusedcannilyandseriously.Onlywhenitisquitenecessary,hewoulduseit.Asforhispowder,heconsidereditcarefully;heseparatedhisstockofpowderintomanylittleparcelstoavoiddanger.Andheusedthemaordingtohisplan.Becausehedidnotknowhowlonghewouldliveontheisland.
Owingtohisconsiderationandplansforhisfuturelife,hecouldliveontheislandforsuchalongtime.AssumethatRobinsondidnotconsiderhisfuturelifeanddidnotmakeaseriesofplansforit,hespenthisfood,bulletscasually,andhowcouldheliveon?
Nooneknows.
C.LearningtoBringForthNewIdeasWhenHeIsShortoftheNecessity
ThoughRobinsongotalotofthingsfromtheshipthatwrecked,hewasstillshortofsomenecessity,suchasatableandachair,abasket,someearthenvesselsandastonemortar.Whenhefacedtheshortageofthenecessity,hedidno
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