10级综英常云revised 3.docx
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10级综英常云revised 3.docx
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10级综英常云revised3
内蒙古农业大学
2011—2012学年第一学期
2010级《新标准大学英语Ⅲ》综合英语课程考试试卷
(A卷)
题号
Ⅰ
Ⅱ
Ⅲ
Ⅳ
Ⅴ
总分
分值
40
25
10
10
15
100
得分
试卷一(共75分)
得分
评卷人
IReadingComprehension
(Eachitem2%,altogether40%)
Directions:
Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA.,B.,C.,andD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritedownyouranswersontheanswersheet.
PassageOne
Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Thepreschoolmovementcanbetracedbackasthe4thcenturyB.C.whenPlatostressedtheimportanceofearlychildhoodandthenecessityoffamilyco-operation.Astudyofancienthistoryrevealsthatsomeoftheearlyphilosophers,preachers,andeducationalreformersconsideredthesignificanceofparent-childrelationships,andmadeplansforimprovededucationforinfantsandyoungchildren.However,itisinthe17thcenturythatearlychildhoodeducationasweknowitreceiveditsimpetus.
Inthehistoryofeducation,severaleducationalleadershavemadevaluableearlycontributionstothepreschoolmovement.ThepioneerworkofComenius,Rousseau,Basedow,PestalozziandFroebeinthisfieldisparticularlynoteworthy.Morerecently,importantadditionsweremadebyMontessori,Dewey,andothers.Earlyinthe20thcenturyorganizedplanningforpreschooltrainingledtotheintroductionofinstitutionsdesignedspeciallyforthispurpose.InEngland,forexample,theConsultationCommitteeoftheBoardofEducationrecommendedgoodnurseryschoolstotakecareofchildrentooyoungtoattendregularschools.
ThefirstpreschoolsinAmericawereadaptationsoftheEnglishidea,differinghoweverinaims,motives,andorganization.TheAmericanpreschoolwaspromotedintheinterestofpsychologicalandeducationalresearchandwasconcernedwithwhatcouldbelearnedfromchildrenratherthantaughtthem.Socialforcesthatprevailedinthecountryafter1890furtherinfluencedtheirdevelopment.ThenumberofschoolsincreasedrapidlyfollowingthecloseofWorldWarI.
C1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A.TheEarlyContributionstothePreschool.
B.EducationinParent-ChildRelationships.
C.TheDevelopmentofthePreschoolMovement.
D.TheFirstPreschoolsinAmerica.
A2.WhowasPlato?
A.Theforerunnerofthepreschoolmovement.
B.Aphilosophersupportingastudyofancienthistory.
C.Ateacherinsistingsignificanceofeducationforparents.
D.Hewasabletoestablishhisschool.
A3.WhatdoesthepassageindicateaboutMontessoriandDewey?
A.Theycontributedtothehistoryofeducation.
B.Theybeganthepreschoolmovement.
C.Theyhelpedeachotherestablishthenurseryschools.
D.Theycompletedtheearlyeducationleaders’contributionstothepreschoolmovement.
B4.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueofthepreschoolmovementinEngland?
A.ItwasnotacceptedbythecommitteeoftheboardofEducation.
B.Itformedthenurseryschools.
C.ItpromotedtheideasofDewey.
D.Itreconstructedtheformsofregularschools.
D5.Accordingtothepassage,whatistrueofthepreschoolmovementinAmerica?
A.Itwasinterestedineducationalresearch.
B.Itwaspromotedinteachingchildren.
C.Itwasconcernedwithteachingchildrenratherthanexaminingthem.
D.Itpromotedsocialinterests.
PassageTwo
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
“CopythewaysofNature”,weweretold.Yes,copyNature—foreverythingcomesdirectlyorindirectlyfromnaturalthings.Oftenwehavetoputourknowledgetowork,treatingNature’smaterialssoastomakethemserveourpurposesbetter.Wecould,certainly,taketheskinfromadeadanimalandatoncemakeapairofshoeswithit;buttheywouldn’tbeverygoodshoes.Forourpurposeitisbetterfirsttotreattheskinwithchemicalsthatturnitintoleather.
UntilfairlyrecentlyoureffortstocopyNature’smethodsofmanufacturewerenotverysuccessful.Uptoabout1950onlyanimalskinsprovidedmaterialforgoodshoes.Clotheshadtobemadeofcottonfromthecottonplantorofwoolfromsheep.Theonlykindofrubberwehadcomefromtherubbertree.Closestudyofsuchusefulmaterialsshowedthattheirchemistrywassimpleinsomeways,mostcomplicatedinothers.
Theirbasicchemicalsareplentifulandsurprisinglysimilar.Thatisthesimplepare:
itisthearrangementoftheiratomsingroups,andthewaythesegroupsarestrungtogetherinlong“chains”,thatissocomplicated.Nature’smethodsofcombiningatomsarewhatmakehermaterialssovariedandsosuitedtoherpurpose.
Fromabout1930chemistsworkedhardatthejobofgettinggroupsofatomstocombineinlongchains.The“rawmaterials”theyusedweremainlythegasesfromcoalandlaterfromoil;andthechiefmeansemployedwereheatandpressure.Somegasesprovedveryactive,combiningreadily,andcombiningwithothergasestoo.Theexperimentsweresuccessful.Anumberof“new”materialsweremade.
Nylonwasoneofthesenewmaterials.Nylonstockingsfirstappearedin1939.Otherkindsofplasticsfollowed—someintheformofsoftthreads(forclothing),stronghair-likethreads(forbushes),glasslikematerial(forbottles)...Allwereman-madematerials,man-madeforman’spurposes,notfornature’s.Andbecausemanmadethem,hecouldvarythemtosuiteachpurposeasitarose.Oneofthesegasesisthestartingmaterialforakingofrubberthat,whenusedinmotor-cartypes,preventsfromslippingeasilyonwetroads.
Theplasticsindustryisnolongernew.Ithasgrownintothegiantpetrol-chemicalindustry,producingforourneedsnotonlyplasticsbutawiderangeofcleaningmaterials,paints,glues,fertilizers...Thelistislongandgrowinglonger,Natureisbeginningtolooklikeaslowandlimitedmanufacturer.
B
6.WhyisitnecessaryforustotreatNature’smaterial?
A.Becauseananimal’sskinisnotreallyusefultous.
B.Becauseourpurposescanbebetterserved.
C.Becausenaturalmaterialsarelimited.
D.BecauseitisdifficulttocopyNature.
D7.WhatsecretofNaturewasunknownuntilfairlyrecently?
A.Thebasicchemicalsofnaturalmaterialswereunknown.
B.Wedidn’tknowwhereNature’smaterialscomefrom.
C.WhyNature’smaterialsaresosimilartooneanother.
D.HowNaturebuiltuphermaterialsfromvariousparts.
C8.Whencertaingasesareheatedunderpressure,_____.
A.solidmaterialsareformed
B.certainnewmaterialsareproducedforourpurpose
C.theresultisalong,chain-likething
D.moreactivematerialsaremade
C9.NylonandotherplasticsmaybeconsideredbetterthanNature’smaterialsbecause_____.
A.theyaremuchcheaper
B.alotofhardworkwentintothemakingofthem
C.wecanmakethemserveourspecialpurposes
D.theydon’tsliponwetroads
A10.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.
A.Natureisaslowproducerwhencomparedwithman’srecentprogressinchemistry
B.man’spowerisgreaterthanthatofNature
C.Natureworksinslowways
D.ThedevelopmentofNaturehassloweddowninrecentyears
PassageThree
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Weliveinaworldofunprecedented,dazzlingchange.Thankstoglobalization,nationalfrontiersarecollapsingaroundus,whiletechnologicalinnovationsarefundamentallyreshapingourlivesinwayswecanbarelycomprehend.
Soruntheclichés,anyway.Butitisonlyourobsessionwithnovelty,ignoranceofdeeperhistoricalpatternsandarrogantinsistenceonourownimportancethatleadsusintothiskindoftalk.Hopingtoproveoursuperiorityoverthegenerationsthatprecededus,weboastthatweliveinaperiodofunprecedentedchange.
Taketheexampleofglobalization,which,accordingtoitsAmericanchampion,ThomasFriedman,isanew“internationalsystem”,influencing“thepolitics,environment,geopoliticsandeconomicsofvirtuallyeverycountryintheworld”.Inahistoricalcontexthowever,thewordisalmostentirelymeaningless.Whatsocietyhasnotbeen,tosomeextent,globalized?
TheRomanEmpire,forexample,isnothingifnotamulti-ethnic,multicultural,transnationalentity,withdozensofdifferenttonguesandreligionscompetinginthecapitalalone.NotonlydidtheRomansimportgrainfromEgypt,theyboughtspicesandvesselsfromChinaandIndia,andhoardsofthepotterytheysoldinreturnhavebeenfoundasfarawayasPondicherry.WemaygetexcitedaboutcallcentersinBangalore-butassooften,theRomansweretherefirst.
ForallourenthusiasmabouttheInternetandtheiPod,meanwhile,wesimplydonotliveinanageofgreattechnologicalinnovation.Mostofthetechnologiesweuseeveryday—toastersandkettles,centralheatingandtelevisions,planesandtrainsandautomobiles—wereinventeddecadesago.Andforallthehypeabouttheinternet,thebrutaltruthisthatmostofususeittodoremarkablyold-fashionedthings,whetherorderingbooksorwritingtofriends.WearealwaysbeingtoldthattheInternethas“openedup”theworld,yetastaggering90percentofallwebtrafficislocal.
D11.It’sacommonbeliefthattheworldwelivein_____.
A.issufferingfromtheeffectsofglobalization
B.isveryhardtounderstand
C.willendinthenearfuture
D.ischangingfasterthaneverbefore
A12.TheRomanEmpirewas_____ourownsociety.
A.justasglobalas
B.notasinterestedincommerceas
C.moreadvancedthan
D.lessmulticulturalthan
D13.MostofthetimeweusetheInternet,_____.
A.itdoesn’tworkproperly
B.itistimewasted
C.itistodothingswecan’tdoinanyotherway
D.itistocontactpeopleorserviceslocally
B14.Muc
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