Charles Schulz wrote the popular comic strip.docx
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Charles Schulz wrote the popular comic strip.docx
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CharlesSchulzwrotethepopularcomicstrip
Comicstrip
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Theexamplesandperspectiveinthisarticleorsectionmaynotrepresentaworldwideviewofthesubject.
Pleaseimprovethisarticleordiscusstheissueonthetalkpage.
Thisarticleisaboutthesequentialartform.Forotheruses,seeComicstrip(disambiguation).
WinsorMcCay'sLittleNemo,oneoftheearliestandbestknownSundaystrips,combinedanimatedsequencesspreadoverpanelrows,aheighteneduseofperspectiveandimaginativedream-likeplots.
Acomicstripisadrawingorsequenceofdrawingsthattellsastory.Writtenanddrawnbyacomicsartist,suchstripsarepublishedonarecurringbasis(usuallydailyorweekly)innewspapersandontheInternet.IntheUKandtherestofEuropetheyarealsoserializedincomicmagazines,withastrip'sstorysometimescontinuingoverthreepagesormore.ComicstripshavealsoappearedinUSmagazinessuchasBoys'Life.[citationneeded]
StorytellingusingpictureshasexistedatleastsincetheancientEgyptians,andexamplesexistin19thcenturyGermanyandEngland.TheAmericancomicstripdevelopedthisformatintothe20thcentury.Itintroducedsuchdevicesasthewordballoonforspeech,thehatflyingofftoindicatesurprise,andspecifictypographicalsymbolstorepresentcursing.Thefirstcomicbookswereanthologiesofnewspapercomicstrips.
Asthenameimplies,comicstripscanbehumorous(forexample,"gag-a-day"stripssuchasBlondie,BringingUpFatherandPearlsBeforeSwine).Startingintheearly1930s,comicstripsbegantoincludeadventurestories.BuckRogers,TarzanandTheAdventuresofTintinweresomeofthefirst.Soap-operacontinuitystripssuchasJudgeParkerandMaryWorthgainedpopularityinthe1940s.Allarecalled,generically,"comicstrips",thoughcartoonistWillEisnerhassuggestedthat"sequentialart"wouldbeabetternameforthem.[citationneeded]
Contents
[hide]
1Newspapercomicstrip
2Dailystrips
3Sundaystrips
4Origins
5Conventionsandgenres
6MajorissuesinAmericannewspapercomicstrips
6.1Size
6.2Format
6.3Secondauthor
6.4Censorship
7Socialandpoliticalinfluence
8Publicityandrecognition
9Undergroundcomicstrips
10Webcomic
11Syndication
12Seealso
13References
14Externallinks
[edit]Newspapercomicstrip
ThefirstnewspapercomicstripsappearedinAmericainthelate19thCentury[1].TheYellowKidisusuallycreditedasthefirstnewspapercomicstrip.However,theartformcombiningwordsandpicturesevolvedgradually,andtherearemanyexamplesofproto-comicstrips.NewspapercomicstripsaredividedintodailystripsandSundaystrips.Mostnewspapercomicstripsaresyndicated;thatis,asyndicatehirespeopletowriteanddrawthestrip,andthendistributesittomanynewspapersforafee.Afewnewspaperstripsareexclusivetoonenewspaper.ForexampleTheLouisianaPurchasebyJohnChaseranonlyintheNewOrleansTimesPicayune.[citationneeded]
[edit]Dailystrips
Dailystripfrom1913fromMuttandJeffbyBudFisher
AdailystripappearsinnewspapersMondaythroughSaturday,ascontrastedwithaSundaystrip.Dailystripsareusuallyinblackandwhite,thoughafewnewspapers,beginninginthelaterpartofthe20thcentury,publishedthemincolor.Themajorformatsarestrips,whicharewiderthantheyaretall,andpanels,whicharesquare,circular,ortallerthantheyarewide.Stripsusually,butnotalways,arebrokenupintoseveralsmallerpanels,withcontinuityfrompaneltopanel.Panelsusually,butnotalways,arenotbrokenupandlackcontinuity.ThedailyPeanutsisastrip,andthedailyDennistheMenaceisapanel.
Earlydailystripswerelarge,oftenrunningtheentirewidthofthenewspaper,andweresometimesthreeormoreinchesinheight.[citationneeded]Atfirst,onenewspaperpageonlyincludedonedailystrip,usuallyeitheratthetoporthebottomofthepage.Bythe1920s,manynewspapershadacomicspageonwhichmanystripswerecollectedtogether.Overdecades,thesizeofdailystripsbecamesmallerandsmaller,untilby2000fourstandarddailystripscouldfitintheareaonceoccupiedbyasingledailystrip.
NEASyndicateexperimentedbrieflywithatwo-tierdailystrip,StarHawks,butafterafewyears,StarHawksdroppeddowntoasingletier.InFlanders,thetwo-tierstripisthestandardpublicationstyleofmostdailystripslikeSpikeandSuzyandNero.TheyappearMondaythroughSaturday,asuntilrecentlytherewerenoSundaypapersinFlanders.Inthelastdecades,theyhaveswitchedfromblackandwhitetocolor.
[edit]Sundaystrips
Mainarticle:
Sundaystrip
Sundaynewspaperstraditionallyincludedaspecialcolorsection.EarlySundaystrips,suchasThimbleTheatreandLittleOrphanAnnie,filledanentirenewspaperpage,aformatknowntocollectorsasfullpage.Laterstrips,suchasThePhantomandTerryandthePirates,wereusuallyonlyhalfthatsize,withtwostripstoapageinfull-sizenewspapers,suchastheNewOrleansTimesPicayune,orwithonestriponatabloidpage,asintheChicagoDailyNews.WhenSundaystripsbegantoappearinmorethanoneformat,itbecamenecessaryforthecartoonisttoallowforrearranged,croppedordroppedpanels.DuringWorldWarII,becauseofpapershortages,thesizeofSundaystripsbegantoshrink.Afterthewar,stripscontinuedtogetsmallerandsmaller,tosavetheexpenseofprintingsomanycolorpages.Thelastfull-pagecomicstripwasthePrinceValiantstripfor11April1971.Today,mostSundaystripsaresmallerthanthedailystripsofthe1930s.
[edit]Origins
InAmerica,thegreatpopularityofcomicssprangfromthenewspaperwarbetweenJosephPulitzerandWilliamRandolphHearst.TheLittleBearswasthefirstAmericancomicwithrecurringcharacters,whilethefirstcolorcomicsupplementwaspublishedbytheChicagoInter-Oceansometimeinthelatterhalfof1892;MuttandJeffwasthefirstsuccessfuldailycomicstrip,firstappearingin1907.
Proto-comicstripsexistfromthetimeofancientEgypt,andincludemedievalmanuscriptilluminationandEnglishcartoons.The1865GermanstripMaxandMoritz,abouttwotrouble-makingboys,hadadirectinfluenceontheAmericancomicstrip.MaxandMoritzwasaseriesofseverelymoralistictalesintheveinofGermanchildren'sstoriessuchasStruwwelpeter("ShockheadedPeter");inone,theboys,afterperpetratingsomemischief,aretossedintoasackofgrain,runthroughamill,andconsumedbyaflockofgeese.MaxandMoritzprovidedaninspirationforGermanimmigrantRudolphDirks,whocreatedtheKatzenjammerKidsin1897.Familiarcomic-stripiconographysuchasstarsforpain,speechandthoughtballoons,andsawinglogsforsnoringoriginatedinDirks'strip.
Hugelypopular,KatzenjammerKidswasresponsibleforoneofthefirstcomic-stripcopyrightownershipsuitsinthehistoryofthemedium.WhenDirksleftHearstforthepromiseofabettersalaryunderPulitzer(unusual,sincecartoonistsregularlydesertedPulitzerforHearst)Hearst,inahighlyunusualcourtdecision,retainedtherightstothename"KatzenjammerKids",whilecreatorDirksretainedtherightstothecharacters.HearstpromptlyhiredacartoonistnamedHaroldKnerrtodrawhisownversionofthestrip.DirksrenamedhisversionHansandFritz(later,TheCaptainandTheKids).Thus,twoversionsdistributedbyrivalsyndicatesgracedthecomicspagesfordecades.Dirks'version,eventuallydistributedbyUnitedFeatureSyndicate,ranuntil1979.
Hundredsofcomicstripsfollowed,withmanyrunningfordecades.
[edit]Conventionsandgenres
Mostcomicstripcharactersareunageingthroughoutthestrip'slife,butinsomestrips,likeLynnJohnston'saward-winningForBetterorForWorse,charactersage.ThefirststriptofeatureagingcharacterswasGasolineAlley.
Thehistoryofcomicstripsalsoincludesseriesthatarenothumorous,buttellanongoingdramaticstory.ExamplesincludeThePhantom,PrinceValiant,DickTracy,MaryWorth,ModestyBlaiseandTarzan.Sometimesthesearespin-offsfromcomicbooks,forexampleSuperman,Batman,andTheAmazingSpider-Man.
Anumberofstripshavefeaturedanimalsasmaincharacters.Somearenon-verbal(Marmaduke,TheAngriestDogintheWorld),somehaveverbalthoughtsbutaren'tunderstoodbyhumans,(Garfield,SnoopyinPeanuts),andsomecanconversewithhumans(BloomCounty,GetFuzzy,PearlsBeforeSwine,andPoochCafe).Otherstripsarecenteredentirelyonanimals,asinPogoandDonaldDuck.GaryLarson'sTheFarSidewasunusual,astherewerenocentralcharacters.InsteadTheFarSideusedawidevarietyofcharactersincludinghumans,monsters,aliens,chickens,cows,worms,amoebasandmore.JohnMcPherson'sClosetoHomealsousesthistheme,thoughthecharactersaremostlyrestrictedtohumansandreal-lifesituations.WileyMillernotonlymixeshuman,animalandfantasycharacters,hedoesseveraldifferentcomicstripcontinuitiesunderoneumbrellatitle,NonSequitur.BobThaves'sFrank&Ernestbeganin1972andpavedthewayforsomeofthesestripsasitshumancharactersweremanifestindiverseforms—asanimals,vegetables,andminerals.
[edit]MajorissuesinAmericannewspapercomicstrips
Sincearoundthe1960s,comicstrippresentationinnewspapersandthebusinessitselfhasconsiderablychanged.
Inthepastfewdecades,manycartoonistshavevoicedtheirconcernaboutthepresentandfutureofcomicstrips,mostnotablyCalvinandHobbescartoonist,BillWatterson.
[edit]Size
Theissuemostcommonly
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