虚拟语气教案及练习题.docx
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虚拟语气教案及练习题.docx
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虚拟语气教案及练习题
虚拟语气
1)概念
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。
2)在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。
16.1真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。
时态关系
句型:
条件从句 主句
一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形
Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.
典型例题
Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.
A. willrain B.rains C.rained D.israined
答案B。
真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。
注意:
1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.
(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.
(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.
2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。
16.2非真实条件句
1)时态:
可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。
它的基本特点是时态退后。
a. 同现在事实相反的假设。
句型:
条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should(would)+动词原形
Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设。
句型:
条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would)have+过去分词
Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.
Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.
IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.
Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.
含义:
Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.
Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.
含义:
Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型:
条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+动词原形
were+不定式 would+动词原形
should+动词原形
Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.
Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.
16.3混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。
Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。
)
Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).
16.4虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。
Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.
=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.
Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim
=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.
=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.
注意:
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.
如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.
A.IfwereI B.Iwere C.WereI D.WasI
答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。
但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。
如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren'tItodo.
16.5特殊的虚拟语气词:
should
1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。
句型:
(1)suggested
Itis
(2)important that…+(should)do
(3)apity
(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required, demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do
(2)important,necessary,natural,strange
apity, ashame, nowonder
(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。
order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)do
Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.
注意:
如suggest,insist不表示"建议"或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.
判断改错:
(错) Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(对) Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.
(错) Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(对) Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。
Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.
Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.
16.6wish的用法
1)用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。
其宾语从句的动词形式为:
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 现在时 过去时
(be的过去式为were)
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 过去时 过去完成时
(had+过去分词)
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could+
动词原形
IwishIwereastallasyou. 我希望和你一样高。
Hewishedhehadn'tsaidthat.他希望他没讲那样的话。
Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。
2)Wishtodo表达法。
Wishsb/sthtodo
Iwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.
Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.(=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.)
16.7比较ifonly与onlyif
onlyif表示"只有";ifonly则表示"如果……就好了"。
Ifonly也可用于陈述语气。
Iwakeuponlyifthealarmclockrings.只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。
Ifonlythealarmclockhadrung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。
Ifonlyhecomesearly. 但愿他早点回来。
16.8Itis(high)timethat
Itis(high)timethat后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。
Itistimethatthechildrenwenttobed.Itishightimethatthechildrenshouldgotobed.
16.9need"不必做"和"本不该做"
didn'tneedtodo表示:
过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。
.
needn'thavedone表示:
过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,soshedidn'tneedtowalkbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。
JohnwenttothestationwiththecartomeetMary,sosheneedn'thavewalkedbackhome.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。
(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。
)
典型例题
虚拟语气
一:
虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
条件从句
从句中的时态
主句中的时态
现在
Did/were
Woulddo
过去
Haddone
Wouldhavedone
将来
Did/wereto
Woulddo
1.If__Iwereyou_________(我是你),Iwouldasktheteacherforadvice.
2.IfIhadtakenyouradvice,Iwouldnothavemadethemistakes(我就不会犯错的).
3.Ifitweretorain(要是下雨)tomorrow,theywouldn’tgoforanouting.
4.IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages_我能讲几种外语)
二:
虚拟语气特殊句型:
1.介词短语代替条件状语从句
Withoutsunlight(Iftherewerenosunlight),people’slife_wouldbedifferentfrom_________(会不同于)today.
Butforyourhelp(Ifithadn'tbeenforyourhelp),I__wouldnothaveworkedoutthisproblem.(不会解出这道题)yesterday.
其他手段代替条件句。
Iwasillthatday.Otherwise(IfIhadnotbeenillthatday),I_wouldhavetakenpartin__(会参加)thesportsmeet.(副词)
Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)
2.Wish的宾语从句
Iwish_shewerehere._____________(她在这儿).Iwish_shehadtakenmyadviceyesterday____________(昨天听我的话)
Wewish_youcould/wouldgowithustomorrow.___(你明天跟我们一块去)
3..表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气宾语从句。
常见动词:
一个坚持,两个命令,三个建议,四个要求。
即
WesuggestedthatTom_(should)__havearest_______(休息一下)
HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.
区别Herpalefacesuggeststhatsheisill(暗示——正常语气)
注意OursuggestionisthatTomshouldhavearest._
ItissuggestedthatTom__shouldhavearest._
ThisisoursuggestionthatTomshouldhavearest._
4.Wouldrather(that)
Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.
5.asif/though+Clause
Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson..
Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.
注意:
如果表示的事情可能会发生,那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。
例如:
Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.
6.It’s(about/high)time+that---
It’shightimethatyouwenttoschool.It’shightimethatyoushouldgotoschool.(should不可以省略)
7.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause
Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.
Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.
It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.
三:
虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点:
1.错综条件虚拟语气。
主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。
Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher'sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.
2.if省略句
IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.=WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.
IfIhadhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.
=HadIhadtime,Iwouldhaverunroundthatlakeagain.
Ifthereshouldbeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
=Shouldtherebeaflood,whatshouldwedo?
练习题
1.—YangLiweihaswongreathonorforourcountry.
—WhoisYangLiwei?
—Whataquestion!
Itissurprising________thefirstspacemaninChina.
A.youdidn’tknowournationalheroB.toyounottoknowhim
C.youshouldknownothingaboutD.youknewnothingabouthim
2.Robertwishesthathe________businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity.
A.studiesB.studied
C.hasstudiedD.hadstudied
3.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe________tothemeeting.
A.wouldcomeB.came
C.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome
4.Withoutelectricityhumanlife________quitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbe
C.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe
5.IfonlyI________howtooperateanelectroniccomputerasyoudo.
A.hadknownB.wouldknow
C.shouldknowD.knew
6.Butfortheparty,he________ofhungerfifteenyearsago.
A.wouldhavediedB.woulddie
C.musthavediedD.mustdie
7.Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butI________thatyouwerewaitingforme.
A.didn’tknowB.hadn’tknow
C.wouldhaveknownD.haven’tknown
8._______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen
C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen
9.Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we________allright.
A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeen
C.were D.maybe
10.Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe________agoal.
A.hadscoredB.scored
C.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescored
11.HowIwisheveryfamily________alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!
A.hasB.had
C.willhaveD.hadhad
◎答案解析◎
1.C.因为在表示“要求”的require,request,ask,demand等动词后的宾语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”,句中referredto是过去分词短语,作thecomputerequipment的定语,所以选C
2.C.因为在itissurprising后的that从句中,谓语要用“should+动词原形”,其中should含“竟然”之意,不可省略。
3.B.因为It’s(high/about)time后面的从句的谓语动词通常用过去时态。
4.D.因为requirement后的表语从句的谓语要用“(should+)动词原形”;material(材料)与heat(加热)是被动关系,用被动语态,所以是behea
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