深度阅读练习.docx
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深度阅读练习.docx
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深度阅读练习
Passage1
BaekelandandHartmannreportthatthe“shortsleepers”hadbeenmoreorlessaverageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orso,themenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschool,work,andotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.
Ingeneral,these“shortsleeps”appearedambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist(不动摇)intheiropinions,andverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonce,orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.Andmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear“normal”or“acceptable”totheirfriendsandassociates.
Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreams,the“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthis,theyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashion,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted,andthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.
Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilarto,butlessextremethan,sleeppatternsshownbymanymentalpatientscategorizedasmanic(疯人).
The“longsleepers”werequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleep,protectedit,andwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe“shortsleepers.”
Manyofthe“longsleepers”wereshy,anxious,introverted(内向),inhibited(压抑),passive,mildlydepressed,andunsureofthemselves(particularlyinsocialsituations).Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.
1.Accordingtothereport,______.
A)manyshortsleepersneedlesssleepbynature
B)manyshortsleepersareobligedtoreducetheirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirwork
C)longsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringtheday
D)manylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood
2.Many“shortsleepers”arelikelytoholdtheviewthat_____.
A)sleepisawithdrawalfromthereality
B)sleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgement
C)sleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogram
D)sleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles
3.Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers_____.
A)areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflife
B)oftenneglecttheconsequencesofinadequatesleep
C)donotknowhowtorelaxproperly
D)aremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems
4.Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleep,thelongsleepersmight____.
A)appeardisturbed
B)becomeenergetic
C)feeldissatisfied
D)beextremelydepressed
5.WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage?
A)Ifonesleepsinadequately,hisperformancesuffersandhismemoryisweakened
B)Thesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesaneasthoseshownbymanymentalpatients
C)Longandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleep
D)Shortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerest
【答案及详解】
答案:
DCBAB
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说,“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前,其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。
但到了15岁左右,由于学校、工作或其它活动的地压力,他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。
这些人持有这样的观点:
夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情,打断了日常事务。
总的说来,这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定,对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。
他们往往同时从事几项工作,或者一边上学读书,一边从事专职或兼职工作。
其中许多人有强烈愿望,想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。
当让他们回忆梦境时,“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。
更有甚者,他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。
类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式:
不承认问题的存在,希望只要忙忙碌碌,麻烦总会过去的。
“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似,只不过没有那么严重而已。
“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。
贝克尔和哈特曼报道说,这些年轻人从小的,有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。
他们好像注重睡眠,不让睡眠受打搅。
偶尔没有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息,他们便会十分不安。
他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。
许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微有点儿沮丧,尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。
好几个人坦言,睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。
Passage2
Uponreachinganappropriateage(usuallybetween18and21years),childrenareencouraged,butnotforced,to“leavethenest”andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehometheyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried,RomanticloveismostoftenthebasisformarriageintheUnitedStates;youngadultsmeettheirfuturespouses(配偶)throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions,Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheirchoices.
Inmanyfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselves.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertoasserttheirindependence.Asonmaydeliberatelydecidenottogointohisfather’sbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfather’sworkplace.Thisindependencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.StronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoexceptionintheAmericanfamilyCoexistingwithsuchloveintheAmericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofself–relianceandindependence.
1.Thewriterdiscussesthemarriageofyoungadultsinordertoshowwhichofthefollowing?
A)Theyenjoythefreedomofchoosingtheirspouses.
B)Theywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents.
C)Theyhaveastrongdesiretobecomeindependent.
D)Theywanttochallengetheauthorityoftheirparents.
2.MostyoungadultsintheU.S.getmarriedforthesakeof____.
A)love
B)financialconcern
C)theirparents
D)familybackground
3.Basedonthepassage,itcanbeassumedthat______.
A)Americanyoungadultsarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparents
B)mostAmericanpeoplenevermakemajordecisionsfortheirchildren
C)Americanyoungadultspossessculturalvaluesofindependence
D)onceayoungpersonstepsintohistwenties,hewillleavehishomepermanently
4.Asonisunwillingtoworkinhisfather’sbusinessmainlybecause_____.
A)hewishestomakefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschool
B)hewantstoprovehisindependence
C)hewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveof
D)hewantstoshowhisloveforhisparents
5.Thesubjectmatterofthisselectionis_____.
A)familyvalues
B)marriagearrangements
C)thepursuitofacareer
D)decisionmaking
【答案及详解】
答案:
CACBA
子女一旦到适当年龄(通常是18至21岁),要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的,财政的巢”,开始独立生活。
小孩离开家后,往往在外能够与人交往,并自谋出路。
父母不为子女安排婚姻,子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。
在美国,浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础,青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗教团体认识自己的,爱情的未来的伴侣。
尽管子女自己择偶,他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。
许多家庭的父母认为,应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。
家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业,但子女也有选择其它职业的自由。
有时为了证实自己的独立性,子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。
儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作,因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。
这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。
父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱,美国家庭也毫不例外。
只不过在美国家庭之中,还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。
Passage3
Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarestillwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeofrwhichtheeyesstop---thedurationofthefixation----variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovaieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.
Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixation.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachsuccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnessofeyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.
Q:
1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsexcept________.
A.one’sfamiliaritywiththetext
B.one’spurposeinreading
C.thelengthofagroupofwords
D.lightingandtiredness
2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading______.
A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixation
B.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequickly
C.demandsandeeply-participatingmind
D.demandsmoremindthaneyes
3Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butit’sonethingtoimproveaperson’sabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparapraph?
A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.
B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.
C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcan’thelptoimproveanefficientreading.
D.Thereadingexercisesmentionedhasdoneagreatjobtoimproveone’sa
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