外文文献定.docx
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外文文献定.docx
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外文文献定
FoodPackagingIndustryDevelopmentStrategy
FoodPackagingIndustryDevelopmentStrategy
20世纪90年代,全球的食品工业总产值达到了2.2万亿美元,高居于其他工业产值之上。
1990sinthe20thcentury,theglobalfoodindustryoutputvaluereached2.2trillionU.S.dollars.Industrialoutputvalueoflivingishighabovetheothers.至于食品包装工业总产值同样占包装工业总产值的大约60%以上。
Asforthefoodpackagingindustryaccountedforthesameproductpackagingindustrialoutputvalueisabout60%.这都充分说明了食品加工和食品包装在整个国民经济中是处于相当重要的地位的。
Thishasfullydemonstratedthefoodprocessingandfoodpackagingintheoverallnationaleconomyisinaveryimportantposition.
21世纪,预计各国发展的重点依然是力争妥善解决好人们吃饭(包括军与民的各种特殊需要)的大问题上,从而决定了食品工业和包装工业都是永不衰落的朝阳工业。
21centery.itisexpectedthatthefocusisstillstrivetoproperlyresolvethemeals(includingthespecialneedsofmilitaryandcivilian),thebigproblem,decideonthefoodindustryandpackagingindustryisasunriseindustryneverfading.今后,食品工业将成为全国最大的产业部门,这对我国继续扩大包装食品的出口会带来极好的机遇。
Infuture,thefoodindustrywillbecomethecountry'slargestindustrialsector.Tocontinuetoexpandourpackagedfoodswillhaveanexcellentopportunitytoexport.
仅就食品包装而言,按物流过程的应用情况可分为销售包装和运输包装两大范畴。
Onlyfoodpackaging,accordingtothelogisticsoftheapplicationprocesscanbedividedintotwomajorareasofpackagingandshippingcenter.考虑到前者直接与食品本身以及消费者接触,对其内外包装的方方面面大都提出多种多样的较高要求。
Takingintoaccounttheformercontactwiththefooditselfandconsumersdirectly.Mostofallaspectsofitsforeignproposedavarietyofhigherpackagingrequirements.加之从总体看,食品销售包装所用的材料、容器、工艺、技术及设备,不论在复杂程度、变化状况或先进水平上都是无与伦比的,更具有广泛性、代表性和带动性。
Moreover,fromanoverallperspective,thesaleoffoodpackagingmaterialsareused,thepackaging,technology,techniquesandequipment,regardlessofthecomplexity.Changesinconditionsoradvancedlevelaresecondtonone,morewidespread,representativeandacceleration.以致食品销售包装能在整个包装工业中起着当之无愧的主导作用,必须优先大力发展。
Salesoffoodpackagingcanresultintheentirepackagingindustryplaysaleadingroleinthewell-deservedpriorityshouldbegiventodevelop.
食品包装技术现状分析
鉴于食品的种类繁多、千差万别、层出不穷,而且多为有机物质易受外界微生物感染以及物理、化学、机械等不良作用而变质损坏,因此大都要求包装具有较强的保护、使用和促销功能,以致食品包装的无菌化、小型化、多样化、简便化、机械化、自动化便成为时代发展的主流。
Analysisoffoodpackagingtechnology
"Asideviewofthewidevarietyoffood,diversity,endless,butmorevulnerabletomicrobialinfectionandorganicmaterialinphysics,chemistry,machinery,andotheradverseeffects,ratherthanjustoneaspectofdamage,mostlypackagedwithstrongprotection,useandmarketingfunctions,Asepticpackagingresult,small,diversified,simple,mechanical,Automationwillbecomethemainstreamofdevelopment.
不论采用何种方式包装,首先都要从对内包装的各方面要求出发,合理选择包装材料和包装容器。
Nomatterwhatmethodsofpackagingfromthehomemustfirstofallpackagingrequirements.Reasonablechoiceofpackagingmaterialandpackagingofliquidfoods,commonlyusedplasticbottles,glassbottles,metalcans,compositesproducedbags,boxes,cups;semifluidoffood,oftenwithwide-mouthglassorplasticbottles,bagsproducedbythecompositematerials,boxes,cups;ofpowdergranularandliquidmixedwiththefood,oftenmetalcans,plasticbottleswide-mouth,compositematerialbags,boxes,cans;Thebulkofindividualorcollective,flake,barsandsimilarsphericaldome-likesolidfoods,Commonlargerplasticboxes,metalcans,compositesproducedbythebag,gamescartridges.
总之,当前食品销售包装容器,以金属、玻璃制作的瓶、罐、盒等所占比重较小,且有逐渐下降趋势,多用于礼品包装或特种包装。
Inshort,salesoffoodpackaging,metal,glassbottles,cans,boxesandothersmallershare.Theregraduallydecliningtrend,largelyforgiftpackagingorspecialpackaging.以薄型纸板制作的盒、盘等由于阻隔性能差,一般大都用于外包装。
Totheproductionofthincardboardboxes,suchasdiskbarrierperformanceispoor,mostlyforthegeneraloverpack.惟有以塑料薄膜为基础的复合材料制作的袋、盒、杯等足以大显保护食品、美化外观的独特作用,并且成型多样、容易加工、节省资源、成本不高,使用轻便、适应性强,可谓几乎无所不包(通常含气液料除外),无所不用(扩展到陆海空所有场合),很有发展前途。
Onlythebasisofcompositematerialstoproduceplasticfilmbags,boxes,cupsandothersignificantlargeenoughtoprotectfoodbeautifyingtheuniqueroleandshapevaried,easyprocessing,savingresources,thecostisnothigh,theuseoflight,strongadaptability.Isalmostinclusive(usuallywiththeexceptionofgas-liquidmaterials)everything(extendedtoairalloccasions)verypromising.尤其是内包装袋与外包装盒相结合,更能有力地推动食品小包装的广泛应用。
Particularlywithintheoverpack,whichcombinedwiththepackagemoreeffectivelypromotethewideruseofpackagedfoods.
随着人们日常工作节奏的加快,营养保健食品的丰富,环境保护意识的增强,今后对食品及其包装也必然会提出许多新的要求。
Withtheacceleratedpaceofdaytodaywork,nutritionandhealthfoodsrichandtheenhancementofthesenseofenvironmentalprotection.Andthefutureoffoodpackagingwillalsoputforwardmanynewrequirements.如今引人注目的是,鉴于电冰箱、微波炉的迅速普及,加上其他相关条件逐步成熟,不会很久,可以通过开发速冻食品作为方便食品、快餐食品大量进入家庭和企事业单位(包括服务、旅游之类行业)。
Nowattentionisgivenrefrigerators,microwaveovensrapidlygrowingpopularity,coupledwithotherconditionsrelatedtothegradualmaturity,notalongtime.Developmentofquick-frozenfoodcanbeasconvenientfood,fastfoodsandaccesstofamilyenterprises(includingservices,tourismsectors).与此同时还要因地制宜大力发展真空包装、真空充气包装和无菌包装等新技术、新产品,使之与速冻包装有机结合,共同促进食品包装更上一层楼。
Meanwhileconditionsshouldvigorouslydevelopthevacuumpackaging,vacuumpackagingandasepticpackagingaerationandothernewtechnology,newproducts,soquick-frozenandpackagedorganicandjointlypromotefoodpackagingorganization.这样一来,各种层次的消费者寄希望于以袋盒为主体的食品小包装容器,特别是关于全面理解使用轻便的问题,主要指包装件容易开启、随意摆放、多次可封、用后可收、安全可靠。
Asaresult,thevariouslevelsofconsumerhopeonasmallbagoffoodpackagingboxesasthemainstay.Lightonacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheparticularissues,mainlyreferringtothepackagingeasytoopen,free-uptimecanbeclosedafterrevenue,safeandreliable.所以,必须采用相应措施,进一步改善袋型、盒型并实现主体与封口结构的科学化和多样化。
Therefore,wemustadoptappropriatemeasurestofurtherimprovethetypebag,sealandbox-typestructureandtheachievementofthemainscientificanddiversification.
众所公认,在商业竞争中,物美与价廉始终必须兼顾。
Ithasbeenrecognizedthatthecommercialcompetitionandcheaptouristsalwaysshouldtake. 若能切实做到这一点,就不难占领市场,立于不败之地。
Caneffectivelydothis,itiseasytocapturethemarket,invincible.出路之一在于切实实现合理包装与简化包装的辩证统一。
Oneeffectivewaytoachieveareasonablepackageandsimplifiedpackagingisthedialecticalunity.道理很明显,合理也包含简化,但简化不一定合理(如过去被淘汰的饮料裸式薄塑料管包装、饼干天地盖式软纸盒包装等)。
Thereasonsareobvious.Reasonablecontainssimplified,butsimplificationisnotnecessarilyreasonable(asinthepasttobeeliminatednudethinplasticbeveragepackaging.softearthcoveredbiscuitscartonpackaging).事实上,从主流看,现有不少精心设计流行的袋与盒包装就占有这方面的优势,因为经过合理简化了包装形式与结构以及相关工艺与设备,可以大幅度地减少生产销售过程中的各种消耗浪费,并消除诸多不稳定因素的发生,进而提高整
体效益,最终体现现代包装的大方向。
Infact,fromthemainstream,andquiteanumberofwell-designedpoponthebagandboxpackagingoccupiesadominantpositioninthisrespect.Becauseafterareasonableformandstructuretosimplifythepackagingandrelatedtechnologyandequipment.Cangreatlyreducetheexpenditureandwasteproductionandmarketingprocess,andeliminatethemanyunstablefactors,therebyimprovingtheoverall"bodySchoolOfficialCitesUseofefficiencyandultimatelythegeneraldirectionofmodernpackaging.
接着需要深入考察的是,怎样选择适宜的包装工艺方法和包装机械类型,以便将某种或多种物料装入已选定的包装材料、包装容器之中,使包装系统的整体功能得以实现最优化。
Afterthoroughinspectionisnecessary,howtochooseappropriatemethodsandpackagingmachinerytypesofpackagingtechnology,tooneormoreselectedmaterialspackedinpackagingmaterial,packaging,sothattheoverallpackagetoachieveoptimalfunction.
仍就食品的销售包装而言,现今最常用、最基本的包装工艺方法有两大类,即充填与裹包。
Salesoffoodpackagingstillontherun,themostcommonlybeusedtoday,therearetwobasicmethodsofpackagingtechnology.Thatthefillingandwrap.充填方法几乎适用于一切物料和各类包装容器。
Fillingmethodappliesinalmostalltypesofpackagingmaterialsandcontainers.具体讲,对流动性较好的液体、粉体、散粒体,主要依靠自身重力,必要时辅以一定的机械作用便可完成包装过程。
Specifically,theliquidityinliquid,powder,granular,mainlyisrelyingonitsowngravity.Willbesupplemented,wherenecessary,theroleofthemechanicalcompletionofthepackagingprocess.而对黏性较强的半流体或体形较大的单件、组合件,则要采用相应的挤压、推入、拾放等强制性措施。
Viscoussemifluidstrongershapeofthelargersingleorcombinationofconditionswouldadoptcorrespondingpressuredintopickingupothercoercivemeasures.至于裹包方法却与此有所差异,它主要适用于外形规整、有足够硬性挺性、且要求包装得较紧实的单件或组合件,多用柔性的塑料及其复合材料(有的附加轻质托盘、衬板),借助机械作用进行裹包。
Asforthedifferenceofbindingmethodsarecontradictory,itismainlyappliedtoformstructured,veryrigidenough,demandingmorepackingupthepiecesofthesingleorcombination,moreflexibleplasticandcompositematerials(someadditionallighttraysLining),themechanicalroleofPackaging.迄今,裹包形式也是丰富多彩的,然而应以袋型为主流。
Sofar,thecoatingisrichandvariedforms,buttothemainstreamtypebag.观察国内外市场受到启示,充填方法和裹包方法虽各具特色,可是前者在全世界被用得更加面广量大,起着主导作用。
Observationofthedomesticmarketinsights,fillingmethodsandPackagingmethodisunique,Buttheformerworldtobeusedinmoreextensivecapacity,playsadominantrole.尽管如此,值得强调指出,再联系前述的有关袋与盒的优势地位,若能将充填与裹包两种方法相辅相成运用起来,可谓如虎添翼,必会增强食品包装机械的整体功能,大体上做到更有成效的无所不包。
Nevertheless,itisworthemphasizingthat,inconnectionwiththeforegoingtheadvantagesofthebagsandboxes,Itwouldbefilledwiththecoatingusedtwomethodscomplementeachother,isevenmorepowerful.Itwillenhancetheoverallfunctionoffoodpackagingmachineryandlargedo-encompassingmoreproductive.
DevelopmentstatusofthepackagingmachineindustryinChinaandothercountries:
PackagingmachineinChinastartedinthelate1970softhelastcentury,onlysevenoreightmillionyuanofannualoutputvalue,productvarietyisonly100.Pastfiveyears,thefoodandpackagingmachineindustryanannualaveragegrowthrateof11%to12%higherthanthenationalgrowthrate,totalsalesincreasedfrom$150billionin1994to30billion
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