职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题二.docx
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职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题二.docx
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职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题二
2009年职称英语考试理工类B级模拟题
(二)
第4部分:
阅读理解(第31~45题,每题3分,共45分)
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每题后面有4个选项。
请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题,从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Insomnia
Insomniaistheinabilitytosleeprestfully.Itisaproblemtonearlyeveryoneatsometime.Apersonmaybeawakeforanhourinthemiddleofthenightandthen,nextmorning,feelthathehardlysleptallnight.Normally,worryaboutnotgettingenoughsleepistheworstaspectofmostinsomnia.Ifinsomniaoccursrepeatedly,itisimportanttofinditspossiblecausesandtrytocorrectthem.
Anyoflargenumberofsimplefactorsmaymakeitdifficultforsomeonetofallasleep.Hismattressmaybetoosoftortoohard.Iftherearetoomanyblanketsonahotnight,hemaybetoowarm;ifthemattressistoolighthemayfeelcoldduringthenight.Thebedroomitselfmaybeoverheatedortoocold.Ifitisnotdarkenough,ortoonoisy,thismaycausedifficultyinsleeping.Eatingshortlybeforegoingtobedmayalsoberesponsibleforinsomnia.Drinks,suchasteaorcoffee,canalsokeeppeopleawake.
Inabilitytofallasleepissometimesasymptomofemotionalormentaldisorder.
Thecauseofinsomniamaybeeasytocorrect.Thesufferershouldcheckthemattress,andbedroomtemperature,andmakeanynecessarychanges.Heshouldrelaxforanhourortwobeforebedtime,perhapsbyreadingabook,watchingtelevisionortakingawarmbath.Ifhewakesduringthenightheshouldtryturningonthelightandreadingforawhile.Takingwarmmilkandabiscuitortwomaybehelpful.Aboveall,heshouldtrynotworryaboutsleeplessness—whensomeoneistiredenoughhenearlyalwaysfallsasleep.
31Accordingtothepassage,insomniais
Aaseriousdisease.
Bacommoncomplaint.
Casignofillness.
Danunusualproblem
32Accordingtothepassage,peoplewhohasdifficultyinsleepingshouldsleepin
Aadarkandquietroom.
Balightandwarmroom.
Cacoldandquietroom.
Dadarkandwarmroom.
33Accordingtothepassage,ifapersonwantstofallasleepfastheshouldn’t
Aeatanythingduringsuppertime.
Breadanybooksbeforehegoestobed.
Cwatchtelevisionshortlybeforegoingtobed.
Ddrinkanythingthatwillkeephimawake.
34Accordingtothepassage,whatistheworstaspectofinsomnia?
AWatchingtoomuchtelevision.
BEatingtoomuchbeforegoingtobed.
CWorryingaboutsleeplessness.
DReadingtoomuchatnight.
35Accordingtotheauthor,insomniashouldn’tbeaseriousproblembecause
Aitscausecanbecorrectedbymakingoneselffeeltiredenough.
Bdoctorscancureiteasily.
Csomepeoplecancatchupontheirsleepduringtheday.
Dsomepeopledon’tneedsomuchsleep.
第二篇 Mind-readingMachine
AteamofresearchersinCaliforniahasdevelopedawaytopredictwhatkindsofobjectspeoplearelookingatbyscanningwhat'shappeningintheirbrains.
Whenyoulookatsomething,youreyessendasignalaboutthatobjecttoyourbrain.Differentregionsofthebrainprocesstheinformationyoureyessend.Cellsinyourbraincalledneuronsareresponsibleforthisprocessing.
ThefMRI(functionalMagneticResonanceImaging)brainscanscouldgenerallymatchelectricalactivityinthebraintothebasicshapeofapicturethatsomeonewaslookingat.
Likecellsanywhereelseinyourbody,activeneuronsuseoxygen.Bloodbringsoxygentotheneurons,andthemoreactiveaneuronis,themoreoxygenitwillconsume.Themoreactivearegionofthebrain,themoreactiveitsneurons,andinturn,themorebloodwilltraveltothatregion.AndbyusingfMRI,scientistscanvisualizewhichpartsofthebrainreceivemoreoxygen-richblood--andtherefore,whichpartsareworkingtoprocessinformation.
AnfMRImachineisadevicethatscansthebrainandmeasureschangesinbloodflowtothebrain.Thetechnologyshowsresearchershowbrainactivitychangeswhenapersonthinks,looksatsomething,orcarriesoutanactivitylikespeakingorreading.Byhighlightingtheareasofthebrainatworkwhenapersonlooksatdifferentimages,fMRImayhelpscientistsdeterminespecificpatternsofbrainactivityassociatedwithdifferentkindsofimages.
TheCaliforniaresearcherstestedbrainactivitybyhavingtwovolunteersviewhundredsofpicturesofeverydayobjects,likepeople,animals,andfruits.ThescientistsusedanfMRImachinetorecordthevolunteers'brainactivitywitheachphotographtheylookedat.Differentobjectscauseddifferentregionsofthevolunteers'brainstolightuponthescan,indicatingactivity.Thescientistsusedthisinformationtobuildamodeltopredicthowthebrainmightrespondtoanyimagetheeyessee.
Inasecondtest,thescientistsaskedthevolunteerstolookat120newpictures.Likebefore,theirbrainswerescannedeverytimetheylookedatanewimage.Thistime,thescientistsusedtheirmodeltomatchthefMRIscanstotheimage.Forexample,ifascaninthesecondtestshowedthesamepatternofbrainactivitythatwasstrongly,relatedtopicturesofapplesinthefirsttest,theirmodelwouldhavepredictedthevolunteerswerelookingatapples.
36.Whatisresponsibleforprocessingtheinformationsentbyyoureyes?
A Asmallregionofthebrain.
B Thecentralpartofthebrain.
C Neuronsinthebrain.
D Oxygen-richblood.
37.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTmeantbythewriter?
A Cellsinyourbrainarecalledneurons.
B Themoreoxygenaneuronconsumes,themoreblooditneeds.
C fMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverwhichpartsofthebrainprocessinformation.
D fMRIhelpsscientiststodiscoverhowthebraindevelopsintelligently.
38."Highlightingtheareasofthebrainatwork"means
A "markingthepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation"
B "givinglighttothepartsofthebrainthatareprocessinginformation"
C "puttingthepartsofthebraintowork"
D "stoppingthepartsofthebrainfromworking"
39.Whatdidtheresearchersexperimenton?
A Animals,objects,andfruits.
B Twovolunteers.
C fMRImachines.
D Thousandsofpictures.
40.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebestreplacementofthetitle?
A TheRecentDevelopmentinScienceandTechnology.
B YourThoughtsCanBeScanned.
C ATechnologicalDream.
D DevicethatcanHelpYouCalculate.
第三篇 ListeningDeviceProvidesLandslideEarlyWarning
AdevicethatprovidesearlywarningofalandslidebymonitoringvibrationsinsoilisbeingtestedbyUKresearchers.Thedevicecouldsavethousandsofliveseachyearbywarningwhenanareashouldbeevacuated,thescientistssay. Suchnaturaldisastersarccommonincountriesthatexperiencesudden,heavyrainfall,andcanalsobetriggeredbyearthquakesandevenwatererosion.
Landslidesstartwhenafewparticlesofsoilorrockwithinaslopestarttomove,buttheearlystagescanbehardtospot. Followingthisinitialmovement,"slopescanbecomeunstableinamatterofhoursorminutes,"saysNellDixonatSouthboroughUniversity1,UK.Hesaysawarningsystemthatmonitorsthismovement"mightbeenoughtoevacuateablockofflatsorcleararoad,andsavelives."
Themostcommonwaytomonitoraslopeforsignsofanimminentlandslideistowatchforchangesinitsshape.Surveyorscandothisbymeasuringasidedirectly,orsensorssunkintoboreholesorfixedabovegroundcanbeusedtomonitortheshapeofaslope.Slopescan.however,changeshapewithouttriggeringalandslide,soeithermethodispronetocausingfalsealarms.NowDixon'steamhasdevelopedadevicethatlistensforthevibrations'causedwhenparticlesbeginmovingwithinaslope.
Thedevicetakestheformofasteelpipedroppedintoaboreholeinaslope.Theboreholeisfilledinwithgravelaroundthepipetohelptransmithigh-frequencyvibrationsgeneratedbyparticleswithintheslope.Thesevibrationspassupthetubeandarepickedupbyasensoronthesurface.Softwareanalysesthevibrationsignaltodeterminewhetheralandslidemaybeimminent.
Thedeviceiscurrentlybeingtestedina6-metre-tallartificialclayembankmentinNewcastle2,UK.Earlyresultssuggestitshouldprovidefewerfalsepositivesthanexistingsystems.Onceithasbeencarefullyandthoroughlytested,thedevicecouldbeusedtocreateacompleteearly-warningsystemfordangerousSlopes.
"Locationswithasignificantriskoflandslidescoulddefinitelybenefitfromamachinelikethis,"saysAdamPoulter,anexpertattheBritishRedCross."Aslongasitdoesn'tcosttoomuch,"But,Poulteraddsthatanearly-warningsystemmaynotbeenoughonitsown."Youneedtohavethehumancommunication,"hesays."Makingsystemsthatgetwarningstothosewhoneedthemcanbedifficult."
41.Whatdoes"Suchnaturaldisasters"inthefirstparagraphreferto?
A Sudden,heavyrainfall.
B Earthquakes.
C Watererosion.
D Landslides.
42.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoflandslides?
A Theinitialmovementishardtospot.
B Theystartwithamovementofafewparticlesofsoilorrock.
C Theycanbedestructiveinamatterofhoursorminutes.
D Alloftheabove.
43.Whydoresearchersdevelopanewdevicetomonitorsignsoflandsides?
A Becausethenewdevicecanmeasurethesitedirectly.
B Becausethenewdevicecanbesunkintoboreholesorfixedaboveground.
C Becausethecommonmethods.cancausefalsealarms.
D Becausethecommonmethodsareuseless.
44.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofthedevice,accordingtoParagraph4?
A Itisfille
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