Since和for的用法及区别.docx
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Since和for的用法及区别.docx
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Since和for的用法及区别
Since和for的用法及区别:
一,since的四种用法
1,since+过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago.1990,lastmonth,halfpastsix
Ihavebeenheresince1990.1990起,我一直在这儿。
2,since+一段时间+ago
Ihavebeenheresincefivemonthsago。
自从五个月前,我已经在这儿了。
3,since+从句Great
Changeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.自从你走后,已经发生了很大的变化。
4,Itis+一段时间+since从句
ItistwoyearssinceIbecameanEnglishteacher.我成为英语老师有两年了。
二,Since和for区别
1,Since+时间点,具体时间
“自从、、、、以来,从、、、以后”用来说明动作起始时间
IhavebeeninBeijingsince2010.
2,For+时间段,用来说明动作延续时间长度,因此句中的谓语动词,也应该是延续性动词。
IhavebeeninBeijingforoneyear。
WehavelearntEnglishforaboutthreeyears.
Ihavebeenherefor3days.(对)
Ihavearrivedherefor3days.(误)
三,延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词
表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如:
learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,
live,stay等。
终止性动词
也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。
如
open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。
四、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
表示"段时间"的短语有:
fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等
IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如:
Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(误)
rain为延续性动词,而ateight表示"点时间",前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词性动词来表示一瞬间的动作,可借助comebeginget等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为:
Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)
又如:
-WhendidyougettoknowJack?
-Twoyearsago.
-Thenyou'veknowneachotherformorethantwoyears.
-That'sright.
五、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。
如:
Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。
Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?
你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。
因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语用
(只限肯定式)。
如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:
Hehasdiedforthreeyears.
正:
Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears.
正:
Hediedthreeyearsago.
正:
Itisthreeyearssincehedied.
正:
Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:
Hehascomehereforfivedays.
正:
Hehasbeenhereforfivedays.
正:
Hecameherefivedaysago.
正:
Itisfivedayssincehecamehere.
正:
Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere.
句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。
下面列举几例:
leave→beaway,borrow→keep,buy→have,begin/start→be
on,die→bedead,moveto→livein,finish→beover,join→bein/beamember
of,opensth.→keepsth.open,fallill→beill,getup→beup,catchacold→haveacold。
练习:
用since和for填空
1)______twoyears2)_______twoyearsago3)_______lastmonth
4)______19995)_______yesterday6)_______4o’clock
7)______4hours8)_______anhourago9)_______wewerechildren
10)_____lunchtime11)______shelefthere
1.HehaslivedinNanjing________theyearbeforelast.
2.I’veknownhim__________wewerechildren.
3.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_________threeyears.
4.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.
5.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.
2.短暂性转换延续性
①arriveat/insw.getto/reachsw.come/go/movetosw.
→beinsw./atschool/athome/onthefarm/behere/bethere
1)HegottoBeijingfiveminutesago.
He__________________________Beijingfor__________________.
2)ImovedtotheUSAlastyear.
I__________________________theUSAsince____________________.
3)Iwenthomeyesterday.
I________________________homefor___________________.
4)Theycameherelastweek.
They__________________heresince___________________.
②come/goback,return→bebackcome/goout→beout
1)Hecameouttwoyearsago.
He____________________________for____________________.
2)WereturntoFuzhouyesterday.
We_________________________toFuzhousince__________.
③become→be
1)Ibecameateacherin2000.
I__________________ateacherfor__________________.
2)Theriverbecamedirtylastyear.
Theriver__________________dirtyfor___________________.
④close→beclosedopen→beopen
1)Theshopclosedtwohoursago.
Theshop__________________________for__________________.
2)Thedooropenedatsixinthemorning.
Thedoor________________________forsixhours.
⑤getup→beupdie→bedead
leavesw.→beawayfromsw.
fallasleep/gettotsleep→beasleep
finish/end→beovermarry→bemarried
1)Igotuptwohoursago.
I________________________since________________.
2)HeleftFuzhoujustnow.
He________________________________Fuzhouforfiveminutes.
3)Mygrandpadiedin2002.
Mygrandpa______________________for_______________.
4)Themeetingfinishedatsix.
Themeeting____________________forsixhours.
5)Igottosleeptwohoursago.
I__________________________since___________________.
6)Theymarriedin1990.
They___________________________since_________.
⑥start/begintodosth.→dosth.begin→beon
1)Ibegantoteachatthisschoolin1995.
I________atthisschoolsince____.
2)Thefilmbegantwominutesago.
Thefilm____________for________.
⑦borrow→keeplose→nothavebuy→haveputon→wear
catch/getacold→haveacoldgettoknow→know
1)Theyborroweditlastweek.
They__________________itsince____________________.
2)Iboughtapentwohoursago.
I__________________apenfor__________________.
3)Igottoknowhimlastyear.
I___________________himsince____________________.
4)Iputonmyglassesthreeyearsago.
I____________________myglassesfor__________________.
⑧have/hasgoneto→havebeenin
1)HehasgonetoBeijing.
He_____________Beijingfortwodays.
⑨jointheleague/theParty/thearmy
→bealeague/aPartymember/asoldier
→beamemberoftheleague/theParty
→beintheleague/theParty/thearmy
1)Hejoinedtheleaguein2002.
He_________________a__________________fortwoyears.
He__________________a_____________________the__________fortwoyears.
He__________________________________theleaguefortwoyears.
2)Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.
Mybrother____________________a___________for______________________.
Mybrother______________________in_______________________fortwoyears.
3.汉译英
1)这本字典我已买了三年了。
2)他离开中国三年了。
3)我认识他们五年了。
4)他们已去了美国五年了。
5)自从他搬到福州,他就住这儿了。
6)他们已经结婚10年。
7)我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
8)这会已开了多长时间了?
9)这门已经关了两天了。
10)我入团2年了。
I________________________________twoyearsago.
I_____________________a______________________fortwoyears.
I_____________________a___________of___________________fortwoyears.
I_________________________________the__________fortwoyears.
11)自从1999年以来他们就认识。
12)我来到农场已5年了。
4.划线提问
1)Ihavebeentherefortwodays.
_____________________________you____________________?
2)Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.
____________________________yourfather___________________?
3)Helefthereyesterday.
_________________he___________________?
4)Theyboughtabooktwohoursago.
_____________________they__________abook
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