大学六级模拟590.docx
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大学六级模拟590.docx
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大学六级模拟590
大学六级模拟590
PartⅠWriting
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteajobapplicationlettertoacompany.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.
1.在报纸上看到一家公司在招聘文秘的广告;
2.在表达求职的意愿后,说明自己具备该职位要求的条件;
3.希望对方能给予面试的机会,并期盼回复。
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
SmotherLove
Everymorning,LeanneBricklandandhersisterwouldbicycletoschoolwiththesamewordsringingintheirears:
"Watchoutcrossingtheroad.Don'tspeaktostrangers"."Mumwouldstandatthetopofthestepsandcallthatout,"saysBrickland,nowaprimary-schoolteacherandmotheroffourfromRotorua,NewZealand.Substituteboxersandthongsforundies(内衣),andthenaggingfearsthathauntparentshaven'treallychanged.Whathasaltered,dramatically,istheconfidenceweoncehadinourchildren'sabilitytoflingthemselvesatlifewithoutagrown-upholdingtheirhands.
Worry-riddenParentsandStifledKids
Bytoday'sstandards,thechildhoodfreedomsBricklandtookforgrantedpracticallyvergeonparentalneglect.Hermotherworked,sosheandhersisterhadakeytoletthemselvesinafterschoolandwereexpectedtodotheirhomeworkandputonthepotatoesfordinner.Atthefamily'sbeachhousenearWellington,thetwogirls,fromtheageoffiveorsix,woulddisappearforhourstoplayinthelakesandsands.
Agenerationlater,Brickland'schildrenaregrowingupinaworldmoreindulgedyetmoreaccustomedtoperil.Thetechno-mindedgenerationofPlayStationkidswhocanconquerentirearmiesandrocketthroughspacecan'tevenbetrustedtocrossthestreetalone."Iwalkedorbikedtoschoolforyears,butmychildrendon't,"Brieklandadmits."Iworryabouttheroad.Iworryaboutstrangers.InsomewaysIthinkthey'remissingout,butIliketobeabletoseethem,toknowwheretheyareandWhatthey'redoing."
Callitsmotherlove,indulged-kidsyndrome,parentalneurosis(神经病).Eventhoughtoday'schildrenhavetheuniverseattheirfingertipsthankstotheInternet,theirphysicalboundariesareshrinkingatarapidpace.AccordingtoBritishsocialscientistMayerHillman,achild'splayzonehascontractedsoradicallythatwe'reproducingthehumanequivalentofhenhousechickens-plumpfromlackofexerciseandwithouttheflexibilityandinitiativeoffree-rangekidsofthepast.ThespiritofourtimesisnolongertheresourcefuladventurerTomSawyerbutrathertheworry-riddendadandhisstifledonlychildinFindingNemo.
Inshort,childrearinghasbecomeanexerciseinriskminimization,representedbystoriessuchasthefatherwhorefusedtoallowhisdaughteronaschoolpicnictothebeachforfearshemightdrown.Whileit'snaturalforaparenttowanttoprotecttheirchildrenfromdanger,youhavetowonder:
Havewegonetoofar?
ParentsWrapKidsupinCottonWool
AstudyconductedbyPaulTranter,alectureringeographyattheAustralianDefenceForceAcademyinCanberra,showedthatwhileAustralianandNewZealandchildrenhadsimilaramountsofunsupervisedfreedom,itwasfarlessthanGermanorEnglishkids.Forexample,onlyathirdoften-year-oldsinAustraliaandNewZealandwereallowedtovisitplacesotherthanschoolalone,comparedto80percentinGermany.
Girlswereevenmorerestrictedthanboys,withparentsfearingassaultormolestation(骚扰),whiletrafficdangerswereseenasthegreatestthreattoboys.Bikeownershiphasdoubledinageneration,but"independentmobility"-theabilitytoroamandexploreunsupervised-hasradicallydeclined.InAuckland,forexample,manyprimaryschoolshavedoneawaywithbicycleracksbecausethestreetsareconsideredtoounsafe.AndinChristchurch,NewZealand'smostbike-friendlycity,thenumberofpupilscyclingtoschoolhasfallenfrommorethan90percentinthelate1970stolessthan20percent.Safelystrappedintothefamily4×4,childrenareinsteaddrivenfromhometotheschoolgate,thenofftoballet,soccerorswimminglessons-rarelystrayingfromwatchfuladulteyes.
IntheU.S.JournalofPhysicalEducation,Recreation&Dance,NewJerseyassistantprincipalandhockeycoachBobbieSchultzwritesthatplayinginthestreetafterschoolwithneighbourhoodkids-creatingtheirownrules,makingtheirowndecisionsandsettlingdisputes-waswherethereallearningtookplace."Thestreetwasoneofthegreatestsourcesofmylifeskills,"shesays."Idon'tsee'on-the-streetplay'anymore.Iseeadult-organizedactivities.Parentsdon'trealizewhatanintegralpartofcharacterdevelopmenttheirchildrenaremissing."
Armouredwithbicyclehelmets,carseats,"safe"playgroundsandsunscreen,childrenaregettingthemessageloudandclearthattheworldisfullofperil-andthatthey'reill-equippedtohandleitalone.Yetresearchconsistentlyshowsyoungpeoplearemuchmorecapablethanwethink,saysprofessorAnneSmith,directorofNewZealand'sChildren'sIssuesCentre."Thethingthatmanyadultshavedifficultywithisthatchildrencan'tlearntobegrown-upifthey'reexcludedandprotectedallthetime."
EducationalpsychologistPaulPrangleyreckonsit'sabouttimethekidglovescameoff.Hebelievesparentinghastakenonaparanoid(患妄想狂的)edgethat'screatingagenerationofnaive,insecureyoungsterswhoaresubconsciouslybeingtaughtthey'reincapableofhandlingthingsbythemselves."Flexibilityandtheabilitytoresistpressureandtemptationarelearnedskills,"Prangleyexplains."Ifyouwrapkidsupincottonwoolanddon'tgivethemtheopportunitytotakerisks,they'relessequippedtomakeresponsibledecisionslaterinlife."ParentsShouldGainProperPerspective
Sadly,high-profilecasesofchildrenbeingkidnappedandmurdered-suchasten-year-oldHollyWellsandJessicaChapmanintheUnitedKingdom;five-year-oldChloeHosoninAustralia,whosebodywasfoundjust200metresfromwhereshelived;andsix-year-oldTeresaCormackinNewZealand,whowassnatchedoffthestreetonherwaytoschool--onlyservetoreinforceparents'fears.TeresaCormack'sdeath,forexample,wasoneoftherareNewZealandeasesofrandomchildkidnap.InAustralia,theoddsofsomeoneundertheageof15beingmurderedbyastrangerhavebeenestimatedatoneinfourmillion.Achildisatfargreaterriskfromafamilymemberorsomeonetheyknow.
However,parentalfeariscontagious.InoneBritishstudy,farmorechildrenfearedanattackbyastrangerthanbeinghitbyacar."Wearelosingoursenseofperspective,"writeJanParkerandJanStimpsonintheirparentingbook,RaisingHappyChildren."Everyparenthastonegotiatetheirownroutebetweenequippingchildrenwiththeskillstheyneedtostaysafeandnotrestrictingorterrifyingthemunnecessarilyintheprocess."
Dr.ClaireFreeman,aplanningexpertattheUniversityofOtago,pointstotheerosionofcommunityresponsibilityasanothercasualtyofthatmutualdistrust.Notsolongago,adultsknewallthelocalkidsandweretheinformalguardiansoftheneighbourhood."Now,particularlyifyouareaman,youmayhesitatetoofferhelptoalostchildforfearyourmotivesmightbequestioned."MoreSpaceandMoreAttentiontoKids'Needs
Asaplannerinthemid-1990s,Freemanbecameconcernedaboutthelossofgreenspacetodevelopmentandtheerosionofinformalplacestoplay.InastudythatlookedathowchildrenintheBritishcityofLeedsspenttheirsummerholidays,comparedwiththeirparents'childhoodexperiences,shefoundthefreedomtoexplorehadbeenseverelycontracted-insomecases,downtothefrontyard.Freemansaysshecannotrememberbeinginsidethehouseasachild,orbeingalone.Growingupwasaboutbeingpartofagroup.Nowamotheroffour,Freemanbelievesthe"domesticationofplay"isrobbingkidsoftheirsenseofbelongingwithinasociety.
Nevertheless,Freemansayschildren'sneedsarestartingtogetmoreemphasis.IntheNetherlands,child-friendly"homezones"havebeencreatedwherepriorityisgiventopedestrians,ratherthancars.Andpondsarebeingincorporatedbackintohousingestatesontheprinciplethatchildrenshouldlearntobesafearoundwater,ratherthanbesurroundedbyabarrenlandscape.Afterall,asoneofthesmarterfishsaysinFindingNemo,there'soneproblemwithpromisingyourkidsthatnothingwilleverhappentothem-becausethennothingeverwill.
1.AccordingtoBrickland,parentsnowadayshavechangedtheir______.
A)standardsofthechildren'sproperdressingB)worryaboutthechildren'spersonalsafety
C)waystocommunicatewithchildrenD)confidenceinthechildren'sability
2.WhenBricklandandhersisterwerelittle,theykeptthehomekeybecause______.
A)theywantedtobetrustedB)theirmotherhadtowork
C)theirmotherdidn'tliveathomeD)theywereverynaughtyandwild
3.MayerHillmanindicatesthatchildrennowhavelessandless______.
A)spaceforplayingB)contactwithanimals
C)concernaboutothersD)knowledgeaboutnature
4.PaulTranterfindsthateightypercentofthechildrenwereallowedtovisitplacesotherthanschoolalonein______.
A)AustraliaB)NewZealandC)GermanyD)Britain
5.Whatisrankedbyparentsasthegreatestthreattoboys?
A)Gangcrimes.B)Onlinegames.
C)Extremesports.D)Dangeroustraffics.
6.BobbleSchulizpointsoutthatreallearningtakesplacein______.
A)on-the-streetplayB)adult-organizedactivities
C)student-centeredteachingD)homeandnature
7.Whatacci
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