高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Units35考点突破练新人教版选修I.docx
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高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Units35考点突破练新人教版选修I.docx
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高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Units35考点突破练新人教版选修I
2019-2020年高考英语大一轮复习第1部分基础知识考点Units3~5考点突破练新人教版选修(I)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
WeatherexpertssaidthisyearcouldbeoneofthestrongestElNinoeventsinrecordedhistory.ElNinomeanssevereweatherconditionsinpartsoftheworld.IneasternAfrica,forexample,KenyaandUgandaarepreparingforpossibleflooding.YetSouthAfricaandMalawiarealreadydealingwithextremelydryweather.
ElNinoisSpanishfor“thechild”.ItusuallybeginsinDecember,nearthecelebrationofthebirthofJesusChrist.Infact,theweathereventwasnamedinhishonor.ElNinodevelopswhenwindsoffthewestcoastofSouthAmericaweaken.ThispermitswarmwaterinthewesternPacifictoexpandtowardtheeastandtheAmericas.Atthesametime,cloudsandrainoverthewarmwatermoveeast,too.ElNinoconditionsnormallyappearonlyabouttwiceevery10years.Usually,ElNinoconditionscontinueforabout12to18months.Theybringwarmweathertosomeareas.Theseareasbeewetterthannormal,whileothersbeedrier.
TheUnitedNationsChildren'sFundwarnsthatmanypeopleareatriskfromhunger,diseaseandwatershortagesresultingfromElNino.IneastandsouthernAfricaupto11millionchildrencouldbeaffected.EastAfricancountriesusuallyexperienceheavyrainfallduringtheElNino.SouthernAfricausuallyhaslittlerainfall,whichmayleadtowildfiresordrought(干旱).
WeatherchangescausedbyElNinodependonthestrengthofthecondition.Intheearly1980s,strongElNinowaslinkedtodryweatherinAustraliaandAsia,rainandfloodinginSouthAmericaandhightemperaturesinmanypartsoftheU.S.Tenyearslater,smallerElNinocausedtroubleinpartsoftheU.S.ItcausedseverefloodsintheSoutheastandtheMiddleWest.TomDiLebertoisameteorologist(气象学家)attheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationinWashington,D.C.HesaidthisyearcouldbethethirdstrongestElNinoonrecord.Butwewillnotknowforsureuntilalltheweatherrecordsareexamined.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文,题材为科普环保类。
气象专家表示今年可能经历有记录以来最为强烈的厄尔尼诺之一。
1.Theauthorwritesthetexttotellus________.
A.manycountriesarepreparingfortheingfloods
B.Africawillprobablysufferalotfromthisyear'sElNino
C.thisyearcouldbeoneofthestrongestElNinoonrecord
D.11millionchildrencouldbeaffectedbythisyear'sElNino
答案 C [目的意图题。
通读全文可知,本文主要向读者介绍气象专家表示今年可能经历有记录以来最为强烈的厄尔尼诺之一。
]
2.Thesecondparagraphismainlyabout________.
A.whatElNinoactuallymeans
B.howElNinoesintobeing
C.whenElNinowilloccurnexttime
D.whyElNinocausesweatherchanges
答案 B [细节理解题。
根据文章第二段可知,本段主要向读者介绍厄尔尼诺现象是如何形成的。
]
3.WhichofthefollowingcountriesoftensuffersfromfloodingcausedbyElNino?
A.Kenya.B.Malawi.
C.Australia.D.SouthAfrica.
答案 A [细节理解题。
根据文章第一段IneasternAfrica,forexample,KenyaandUgandaarepreparingforpossibleflooding及第三段EastAfricancountriesusuallyexperienceheavyrainfallduringtheElNino可知,东部非洲国家通常在厄尔尼诺期间遭受暴雨。
肯尼亚和乌干达正在准备迎接可能到来的洪水。
]
4.Theauthormentionedthe1980s'ElNinoandthe1990s'ElNinoto________.
A.explainwhysomanycountrieswereaffectedbyElNino
B.proveweatherchangescausedbyElNinodependonitsstrength
C.arguethatElNinoconditionsusuallyappearabouttwiceevery10years
D.showscientistsdoubtwhetherthisyearwillhavethestrongestElNino
答案 B [推理判断题。
根据文章最后一段可知,厄尔尼诺导致的气候变化取决于该现象的强度。
之后又举例说明了这一点,故选B。
]
B
Nearlyeveryonehasbadhabits.That'sbecause,tryaswemight,badhabitsarehardtobreak.Ontheotherside,goodhabits,suchaseatingmorehealthfullyorexercisingregularly,neverseemtostick.Asaresult,mostpeoplethrowuptheirhandsandsurrender.
Butnowanewbook,BetterThanBefore:
MasteringtheHabitsofOurEverydayLivesbybest-sellingauthorGretchenRubin,offerssomeusefulsolutions.
Rubin,whobecameinterestedinhabitsduringherresearchonhappiness,whichresultedintwopopularbooks,TheHappinessProject(xx)andHappieratHome(xx),foundthatourinabilitytomasterunwantedbehaviorswasamajordowner(令人沮丧的因素).So,afterguidingmillionsofreadersdownthepathoftruecontentedness,Rubinturnedherinvestigativeskillstowardhabits.
Hermostimportantfind?
Changeispossibleifwedosomesoulsearchingandidentifyhowwerespondtoexpectations.And,justabouteverybodyfallsintooneoffourpersonalitycategories:
Questioners,Obligers,RebelsandUpholders.
RubinbelievesherselftobeaclassicUpholder,someonewhoformshabitsrelativelyeasilybecausesherespondswelltobothotherpeople'sdeadlinesandherown.Astotheothertypes,Questionerswillonlyformahabitifitmakessensetothem;Obligersworkhardtomeetotherpeople'sexpectationsbutoftenletthemselvesdown.AndRebelsresent(反感)habits.
“Thinkaboutthehabitthatyouwanttoformandthenthink:
What'severythingIcoulddotosetmyselfupforsuccess?
”saysRubin.Forexample,ifyouwanttoexercisemoreandyou'reanObliger,callyourfriendwholivesacrossthestreetandmeetat6:
30everymorningforawalk.
Onemonpitfall(陷阱),saysRubin,especiallywhenitestochangingyourdiet,islackofclarity(清楚).“Youcan'tmakeahabitoutofeatingmorehealthfully,”shesays.Instead,yourhabitshouldbesomethinglike:
“I'mgoingtopackaluncheverydayandbringittoworkinsteadofeatingout.”
Asforexercise,Rubinremendsastrategycalledpairing—couplingtwoactivities,onethatyouneedorwanttodoandonethatyoudon'tparticularlywanttodo.Rubin,forexample,onlyallowsherselftoreadmagazineswhileonfitnessequipmentatthegym.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。
文章介绍了改掉坏习惯、培养好习惯的方法。
5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“surrender”inParagraph1mean?
A.Catchup.B.Settledown.
C.Giveup.D.Calmdown.
答案 C [词义猜测题。
由第一段中的badhabitsarehardtobreak...goodhabits...neverseemtostick.Asaresult,mostpeoplethrowuptheirhands可推断,画线词的意思是“放弃,投降”。
]
6.WhydidRubinstarttostudyhabits?
A.Badhabitsmakepeopleunhappy.
B.Goodhabitsmakepeoplesuccessful.
C.Sheusedtosufferfromsomebadhabits.
D.Hertwobooksabouthabitssoldquitewell.
答案 A [推理判断题。
由第三段中的Rubin,whobecameinterestedinhabitsduringherresearchonhappiness及foundthatourinabilitytomasterunwantedbehaviorswasamajordowner可推断,Rubin之所以开始研究习惯,是因为她在研究快乐的时候发现坏习惯是导致人们不快乐的主要原因。
]
7.Whichkindofpeopletrytomeetotherpeople'sexpectationsinsteadoftheirs?
A.Rebels.B.Obligers.
C.Upholders.D.Questioners.
答案 B [细节理解题。
由第五段中的Obligersworkhardtomeetotherpeople'sexpectationsbutoftenletthemselvesdown可知。
]
8.Thepairingstrategy________.
A.canhelppeoplehaveahealthydiet
B.isusedtomakepeoplemoreefficient
C.encouragespeopletoenjoythemselves
D.forcespeopletodosomethingnecessary
答案 D [推理判断题。
由最后一段中的pairing—couplingtwoactivities,onethatyouneedorwanttodoandonethatyoudon'tparticularlywanttodo及所举例子可推断,这种策略强迫人们做一些自己不喜欢但很必要的事情。
]
Ⅱ.完形填空
Igotanewpairofeyeglassesrecently.Becausestigmatism(散光)hadstartedtomixwithmynearsightedness,makingthingsalittlebit__1__.
Ithastakenmeseveraldaystogetusedtothenew__2__.Whileitwasgreatseeingclearlyata__3__againandwonderfulbeingableto__4__abookwithoutitbeinganinchfrommyface,thebinationlenses(组合镜片)werea(n)__5__forme.TheproblemwasthatwheneverIwas__6__somethingfaraway,Ihadtokeepmyeyesup,__7__Iwouldgetawaveofblurriness(模糊)whenIaccidentallylookedthroughthereadingpartofthelenses.Iam__8__thatmyeyesarenowgettingusedtothenewglasses.Itisno__9__livinginanunclearworld.Ireally__10__thehelpofthenewglasses.
Iamgratefulforthisnewpairofglassesforanother__11__too.Theyhavetaughtmea(n)__12__thatIwillholdclosetomyheartforever:
Wheneveryou__13__toseetheroadaheadclearly,lookup!
TooofteninmylifeIhavekepttheeyesofmysoullooking__14__totheground.
WhenIdid,theworldseemedlikea__15__,unclear,anddepressingplace.WhenIraisedthoseeyes,my__16__alwaysbecameclear.IsawthatlifeisgoodandwhenIhelpothers,Imakeiteven__17__.Isawthatnomatterwhateachdaymaythrowatme,Ican__18__itwithalovingheartandajoyfulspirit.
Wheneveryourlifeseems__19__orhelpless,justlookup!
Wheneveryouaren'tsurewhatyoushoulddo,lookup!
Opentheeyesofyoursouland__20__clearlyjusthowmuchGodlovesyouandjusthowmuchyoucanloveaswell.
【语篇解读】 作者配了一副新的眼镜,花了好几天才适应这副眼镜。
从这件事上,作者明白了一个很重要的人生哲理。
1.A.unusualB.impractical
C.unclearD.plicated
答案 C [根据上文“Becausestigmatismhadstartedtomixwithmynearsightedness”可知,因为散光加近视,所以看不清楚。
]
2.A.cultureB.pair
C.temperatureD.house
答案 B [“我”花了好几天时间才适应这副新眼镜。
]
3.A.distanceB.timeC.glanceD.speed
答案 A [戴上这副眼镜后,远处的物体“我”又可以看清楚了。
]
4.A.writeB.publish
C.translateD.read
答案 D [根据下文“abookwithoutitbeinganinchfrommyface”可知,有了眼镜,“我”看书时不再需要把书放在离“我”脸一寸远。
]
5.A.experimentB.force
C.challengeD.choice
答案 C [根据下文“Theproblemwasthat”可知,尽管有了这副眼镜“我”可以看清楚了,但是还需要适应,这对“我”来说仍是个挑战。
]
6.A.listeningtoB.talkingabout
C.thinkingofD.lookingat
答案 D [无论什么时候,“我”想往远处看的时候,“我”都必须向上看。
]
7.A.otherwiseB.however
C.thereforeD.meanwhile
答案 A [根据该空上下文可知,otherwise符合语境。
]
8.A.gladB.convinced
C.confidentD.lucky
答案 A [根据下文“myeyesarenowgettingusedtothenewglasses”可知,“我”很高兴“我”适应了新眼镜。
]
9.A.useB.funC.doubtD.wonder
答案 B [生活在一个模糊的世界里很无趣。
]
10.A.findB.access
C.appreciateD.refuse
答案 C [根据第三段“Iamgratefulforthisnewpairofglasses”可知,“我”很感激这副眼镜对我的帮助。
]
11.A.optionB.reason
C.methodD.suggestion
答案 B [“我”对这副眼镜充满感激还有另外一个原因。
]
12.A.truthB.songC.ideaD.language
答案 A [根据下文的叙述可知,戴这副眼镜让“我”懂得了一个道理。
]
13.A.enableB.manageC.agreeD.need
答案 D [根据“toseetheroadaheadclearly,lookup!
”可知,无论何时你需要看清前方的路时,你就向上看。
]
14.A.forwardB.aroundC.downD.back
答案 C [根据下文第四段“WhenIraisedthoseeyes”可知,以前,“我”只顾向下看。
]
15.A.beauti
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