最新英语阅读理解科普环保试题类型及其解题技巧及解析.docx
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最新英语阅读理解科普环保试题类型及其解题技巧及解析.docx
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最新英语阅读理解科普环保试题类型及其解题技巧及解析
最新英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题类型及其解题技巧及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AgainstthesuppositionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiawarmtheclimate,scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.
Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforesttolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.Usuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthepastdecade.Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarming,firesmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasaresultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarming,whileheatmirroredbackintospacetendstocausecooling.
Thisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate.Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.
Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefire,largeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereandcausedwarming.Ozone(臭氧)levelsincreased,andashfromthefirefellonfar-offseaice,darkeningthesurfaceandcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.
"Weneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere."Scientiststrackedthechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaresultofthefire,andfoundameasurementcloselyrelatedtotheglobalairtemperature.Typically,fireinnorthernregionsoccursinthesameareaevery80to150years.Scientists,however,foundthatwhenfireoccursmorefrequently,moreradiationislostfromtheearthandcoolingresults.Specifically,theydeterminedwhenfirereturns20yearsearlierthanpredicated,0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.Theneteffectiscooling.Wattsareusedtomeasuretherateatwhichenergyisgainedorlostfromtheearth.
(1)Accordingtothenewfindings,takingstepstopreventnorthernforestfiresmay________.
A. resultinawarmingclimate
B. causetheforestfirestooccurmorefrequently
C. leadtoalongerfireseason
D. protecttheforestsandtheenvironmentthere
(2)ThefollowingarealltheimmediateeffectsafteraforestfireEXCEPT________.
A. largeamountsofgreenhousegasesentertheatmosphere
B. thelevelsofozonewhichisatypeofoxygenincrease
C. snowonthegroundmirrorsmoresunlightbackintospace
D. ashesfromthefirefallontheicesurfaceandtakeinmoreradiationfromthesun
(3)Earlierstudiesaboutnorthernforestfires________.
A. analyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate
B. indicatethatforestfireswillpollutetheatmosphere
C. suggestthatpeopleshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment
D. suggestthatthefireswillspeedupclimatewarming
(4)Theunderlinedphrase"soakup"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.
A. released
B. absorbed
C. created
D. distributed
(5)FromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiamay________.
A. warmtheclimateasthesuppositiongoes
B. allowmoresnowtoreflectmoresunlightintospaceandthuscooltheclimate
C. destroylargeareasofforestsandpollutethefar-offseaice
D. helptogainmoreenergyratherthanreleasemoreenergy
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)D
(4)B
(5)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亚的森林大火使气候变暖,科学家们已经发现,在燃烧的树木允许更多的雪将更多的阳光反射到太空的地区可能会发生冷却。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfirestolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions”这样的措施最终导致了北部地区的气候变暖。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.”可知地上的雪反射阳光这是大火的间接的影响,是在第二年春天的时候发生的事情,并不是immediateeffects。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.”可知早期关于北方森林火灾的研究建议大火将加速气候变暖,故选D。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的““0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.”可知该词与sendback该词相反的意思,故应该指吸收,因为sendback指反射。
故选B。
(5)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.”可知从这个研究中得到的结论是B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Babieshaveanastonishingtalentthatadultsentirelylose.Bytheageofone,theycanrecognisethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.Whenwehavelostthiscapacityasadults,itbecomesenormouslydifficulttodistinguishbetweensoundsthatareglaringlydifferenttoanativespeaker.ItallsoundsGreektous.Thisisbecausetherangeofpossiblesoundsthathumansusetoconveymeaningmaybeashighas2,000,butfewlanguagesusemorethan100andeventhenthesignificantnoises-thephonemes(音素)ofalanguage-eachcoverarangeofsoundsandsovaguedistinctionswhichwouldchangethemeaningofawordinotherlanguages.
Butwheredothesephonemescomefromandwhydotheyshiftovertime?
Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.Thisisunexpected.We'dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought
ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlanguagemustbeboth.
Huntergathererlanguagesveryseldomusethesoundsknownaslabiodentals(唇齿音)-thosesuchasfandv-thataremadebytouchingthelowerlipwiththeupperteeth.OnlytwoofthehundredsofAustralianaboriginallanguagesusethem,forexample.Butinculturesthathavediscoveredfarming,theseconsonants(辅音)aremuchmorecommon.Theargumentgoesthatfarmerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.Eitherway,theyneedtochewmushless,andtobitelesswiththeirfrontteeth.Sofarmersgrewupwithsmallerlowerjawsandmoreofanoverbitethantheirancestorswhohadtobitethroughharderfoods.Itbecameeasierforthemtomakethelabiodentalconsonantsinsteadofpurelylabial(唇音)ones:
oneexampleisthatfcometotaketheplaceofp.Romanssaid"pater"butEnglishspeakers(unlessthey'reRees-Moggs)say"father".
Beyondtheseparticularchanges,thestoryhighlightsthewayinwhicheverythingdistinctivelyhumanisbothmaterialandspiritual:
speechmustcombinesoundandmeaning,andthemeaningcan'texistorbetransmittedwithoutarealobject.Butneithercanitbereducedtothepurelyphysical,asourinabilitytounderstandoreventorecogniseforeignlanguagesmakesclear.Thefoodweeatshapesourjaws,andourjawsinturnshapethesoundsofourlanguage.Theeasewithwhichweeatprobablyshapesourthoughttoo,asanyonewhohassufferedtoothachecouldtestify.Whatweeatmayhaveshapedthesoundsofourlanguage,buthowweeatchangeshowwefeelandwhatweuselanguagetoexpress.Afamilymealisverydifferentfromasandwichattheofficedesk,evenifthecalorieisthesame.FoodhaspurposesandmeaningsfarbeyondkeepingusaliveandpleasingthePalate(味觉).
(1)Comparedwithadults,babiescouldmoreeasily .
A. createsignificantnoises
B. classifytheformsofnoises
C. understandtheGreeklanguage
D. distinguishmeaningfulsounds
(2)Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingfactorshelpshapelanguage?
A. Lipsandteeth. B. Jobsandhabits. C. Ageandregions. D. Foodandthinking.
(3)Thereasonforfarmers'makingsoundsof"f"and"v"is .
A. enjoyingmorecookedfoods
B. bitingmorewithfrontteeth
C. constantlychewingharderfoods
D. growingupwithlagerlowerjaws
(4)Bywritingthispassage,theauthorintendstoreveal .
A. jawshelpshapeourthought
B. fooddeterminesourthought
C. diethassomeinfluenceonlanguage
D. languageconsistsofsoundandmeaning
【答案】
(1)D
(2)D
(3)A
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,人们一直以来认为语言是思想的产物,但是有新的研究表明饮食对于语言也会产生一些影响。
且以f和v的发音为例,揭示了农民们发"f"和"v"音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。
同时这也强调了人类特有的一切都是物质和精神的结合:
语言必须把声音和意义结合起来,没有真实的物体,意义就不可能存在或传播。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Bytheageofone,theycanrecognizethesignificantnoisesaroundthemandgroupthemintoalanguage.”可知一岁的婴儿和成人相比更能识别出周围的重要声音,故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Newresearchsuggeststhattheapparentlyarbitrarydistributionofsomesoundsaroundtheworldmaybepartiallyexplainedbydiet.”可知某些声音在世界范围内的任意分布,部分可以用饮食来解释。
本段提到sound和diet是有关系的,也就是food食物;另外也和思考有关theproductofthought,本段最后说到和两者都有关系。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Theargumentgoesthatfamerseatmorecookedfoodandmoredairythanhuntergatherers.”可知农民比狩猎采集者吃更多的熟食和奶制品,即农民们发"f"和"v"音的原因是他们喜欢吃更多的熟食。
故选A。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第二段中的“We'dratherthinkoflanguageasproductofourthought,ratherthanofthearrangementofourteeth.Inreality,though,anygivenlangu
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