翻译语法练习.docx
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翻译语法练习.docx
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翻译语法练习
汉译英语法练习
(一)
Ⅰ、比较结构
(一)比较对比的短语:
与…比较,与…相比comparedwith…,incomparisonwith
与…形成鲜明对照incontrastwith(或to)
(1)_______________(与我成长的地方相比),thistownismoreprosperousand
exciting.[2008.06/90]
(2)_______________(和同龄的其他孩子相比),Robertisverytall.
(二)平级比较as…as;notas…as;notsomuch…as…(与其说…不如说…);the
same…as
(3)Theywillcontactus_______________(尽快).
(4)Heis_______________(与其说他是位学者)asawriter.
(三)morethan…;moreandmore;themore…themore…
(5)Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_______________(我比以前更容易累了).
(6)Iwouldprefershoppingonlinetoshoppinginadepartmentstorebecause
___________________(它更加方便和省时).
(7)Oncewewereoffthemainfreeway_______________(这趟旅行更像是度假).
(8)Asthediseaseworsened(他感到走路越来越困难).
(9)Themoreyouexplain,(我越糊涂).
(10)Themorepreparationyoudonow,(考试前你就越不会紧张).
(四)否定词+比较级nothingmore…than;nolessthan…不亚于…
(11)SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat(没有什么比读书对我更
有吸引力).
(12)(她的勤奋不亚于)thanhersister.
(五)倍数增减的表示法
(13)ForceN1_______________(比力N2大2.5倍).
(14)Thissubstance_______________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).
(15)Theearth_______________(是月球大小的49倍).
(16)Thelandlord_______________(想将租金提高三分之一).
Ⅱ、倒装句
(一)Only引导的状语从句位于句首,句子要倒装
(1)Onlythen(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术).
(2)Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourprice(我们才能做
成这笔买卖)
(二)句首出现带有否定意义的词位,句子要倒装
(3)Atnotime(允许吸烟)inthemeeting-room.
(4)(直到他完成使命)didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.
(三)固定结构Hardly/Scarcely…when,Nosooner…than
(5)Scarcelyhadshefallenasleep(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒).
(6)NosoonerhadAnnearrived(就生病了).
Ⅲ、强调句
(1)(正是Jefferson写下了)theDeclarationofIndependence.
(2)(正是因为水涨了)wecouldnotcrosstheriver.
(3)(直到我告诉她)Mrs.Williamsknewanythingaboutit.
汉译英练习
(二)
Ⅳ、虚拟语气
(一)非真实句的虚拟
基本形式(主要考与过去和现在将来相反的虚拟语气),特别注意时间状语(混合时间虚
拟)
(1)Thevictim_______________________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeen
takentohospitalintime.
(2)IfIhadn’t_______________________(警告你,你就可能丧命了).
(3)If_______________________(如果我是你),Ishouldn’tbeworried.
(4)Ifyou________________(在那里住上一段时间,你就会改变对那地方的看法了).
(5)IfI_______________________(昨天跟他说了,现在我就知道该怎么办了).
(6)IfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you_____________
_______________(你就不可能像现在这么笑了).
在非真实条件句中如果有were,had,should这三个词,可以省去if,采用主谓语倒装的形
式来表示条件
(7)Wereyouinmyplace,_______________________(你也会这样干的).
(8)Haditnotbeenfortheiropposition,_________________(这项法案早就通过了).
(9)Shouldtherebeanotherwar,____________________(人类的生存就会有
危险).
otherwise(要不然,否则),butfor(若不是,若非)经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语
(10)Butforhishelp,_________________(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了).
(11)Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter,_____________(否则她上周就该回
信了).
wish/ifonly(但愿,真希望,要是…就太好了)
(12)IfonlyI_______________________(能通过大学英语四级考试)!
(13)LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
IfonlyI___________________(听你的).
(14)SometimesIwishI_____________________(生活在一个不同的时间和空间).
(15)Jackwishesthat______________________(他在大学学的是商务而不是历史).
(二)wouldrather,It’s(about/high)time(该是…的时候了),asif/asthough后引导的从
句虚拟
(16)Iwouldrather_________________________(你明天来).
(17)Hughusuallytalks_________________________(仿佛他是老板似的).
(18)It’s(high)timethatsomething______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题).
(三)(should)+动词原形(一般式/被动式/否定式)
信号词:
表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词和名词.....;带有感情色彩的形容词...;连词..lest
(19)Theprofessorrequiredthat_______________________(我们交研究报告).
(20)Weinsistthat_______________________(让杰克立刻进医院).
(21)Wearegoingtodiscusshissuggestionthat________________(取消期中考试).
(22)Itisridiculousthat__________________(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水).
(23)Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren____________________(被剥夺了受
教育的权利).
(24)Itisessentialthat______________________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备).
(25)Itisashamethat_____________________(他竟然欺骗了那个可怜的小女孩)!
(26)Hewalkedlightly_______________________(以免惊醒婴儿).
(27)Takeyourraincoat_______________________(以防下雨).
Ⅴ、情态动词
(1)Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople___________(出门在外时可能会感到孤单).
(2)Thephoneisringing,butthereisnoanswer.________________(她一定不在家).
(3)Youscreamedinyoursleeplastnight.__________(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了).
(4)_______________________(我没必要穿上我最好的套装)togototheparty;
mostoftheguestswerewearingjeansandsweaters.
汉译英练习(三)
Ⅵ、不定式
(1)Itwasagreatachievement__________________(10个月建成一栋24层的楼).
(2)Itisnecessary_______________________(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉).
(3)Itisgenerous_______________________(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民).
(4)Theteacherdecided_____________________(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生).
(5)Mr.Greenwaswondering____________________(是否去看望在法国的儿子).
(6)Thegardener_______________________(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水).
(7)We_______________________(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座).
(8)Hefeelsitchallenging________________(在这么大一所大学做学生会主席).
(9)Wehopetohavemoreopportunities_______________________(把我们在课
堂上学到的东西应用于实践).
(10)Thebadweather____________________(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划).
(11)Theenvironmentalistsareagainst_________________(在郊区建一座核电站
的决定).
(12)SallyRidewasthefirst_____________________(探索外部空间的美国妇女).
(13)Theyliftedarock_______________________(结果砸了自己的脚).
(14)Hewassurprised_____________________(在这个山村遇见一个中学同学).
(15)Iamsorry_______________________(占用了您这么多时间).
(16)Ihappened_______________________(在他冲进来的时候站在门口).
(17)Shedoesn’tlike_______________________(被当作客人).
(18)Ifyouwanttosavemoney,you’dbetter______________(到校园书店买旧书).
(19)Wedidnothing_______________________(除了整天打桥牌).
(20)Weweremade_______________________(进屋之前在垫子上擦擦脚).
Ⅶ、分词
(1)ThisisthefirsttimethatIheard___________(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”).
(2)Thecars_______________________(停在消防通道的)willbeticketed.
(3)Thewarwentonforyears,____________________(夺去了成千上万人的生命).
(4)Thefarmersusedanewinsecticide,thus_____________(将平均产量提高了15%).
(5)_______________(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书),westoppedtalkingandbegantostudy.
(6)________________(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了),theydecidedtopayforhis
education.
(7)_______________________(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看),Einsteinwasa
simple,modestandordinaryman.
(8)__________________(好久没有收到父母的来信了),hewasworriedaboutthem.
Ⅷ、动名词
(1)_______________________(每天洗冷水澡)doeshimalotofgood.
(2)Theytriedtoavoid_______________________(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情).
(3)Developingvarietiesisthekeyto_____________________(使我们的产品进入
国际市场).
(4)Itisnouse_______________________(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣).
(5)Hedenied_______________________(偷看了同桌的试卷).
(6)Wecongratulatedheron_______________________(被提升为经理).
汉译英练习(四)
Ⅸ、名词从句
主语从句
(1)___________________________(他们为什么离开家乡去云南)isstillasecret.
(2)________________________(最让我不解的)wasthathespokeEnglishsowell.
(3)_____________________________(这么做是故意的)becameobvious.
较长的主语从句可以后置,用it作形式主语
(4)Itisnotclearyet_____________________________(谁应该为这件事负责).
(5)Itisnoneofyourbusiness_____________________________(玛丽与谁订婚).
宾语从句
(6)Don’tputofftilltomorrow____________________________(今天能做的事).
表语从句
(7)Thisnovelisjust_____________________________(我一直在寻找的).
同位语从句
(8)Obviously,therewaslittlecertainty_________________(主席会同意他的提议).
whether/if引导的从句
(9)_____________________________(她是否喜欢那个礼物)isnotcleartome.
(10)Mymainproblemrightnowis_______________(我是否应该请求另一笔贷款).
(11)Italldependson_____________________________(他们是否会支持我们).
Ⅹ、定语从句
先行词为地点,定语从句通常由where引导
(1)Everydaymanytouristscometovisit_________________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).
(2)ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis_____________________________(我
们可以合作的领域).
先行词为时间,定语从句通常由when引导
(3)Theoldladydied____________________________(在她儿子到达的那天).
先行词为reason,定语从句通常由why引导
(4)Thisis____________________________(我赞成这一提议的理由).
whose引导的定语从句
(5)Mr.King,___________________(金先生腿受重伤),wastakentothehospital.
非限制性定语从句
(6)Someoftheroadswereflooded,________________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).
(7)Heintroducedmetohisstudents,_____________________________(他们大
部分是英语专业的学生).
as引导的定语从句
(8)____________________________(众所周知),waterisaliquid.
Ⅺ、状语从句
让步状语从句
(1)_____________________________(不管我们谈论什么),Jimbringspolities
intothediscussion.
(2)Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,______________________________(无论
我要作出什么牺牲).
(3)_____________________________(不管哪一方获胜),Ishallbesatisfied.
(4)Leavingone’sjob,_____________________________(不管是什么工作),
isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.
目的状语从句
(5)Weclimbedhigh______________________(这样我们就可以看到更好的风景).
(6)______________________________(为了挣钱供我上学),motheroftentakes
onmoreworkthanisgoodforher.
结果状语从句
(7)Theproblemsoverycomplicated_________________(花了我们两个周才解决).
条件状语从句
(8)Youcangoout_________________________(只要你答应晚上11点以前回来).
方式状语从句
(9)Irememberthewholething________________________(仿佛是昨天发生的).
汉译英练习四参考答案
Ⅸ、名词从句
(1)WhytheylefttheirhometownforYunnan
(2)Whatconfusedmemost
(3)Thatthiswasdoneonpurpose
(4)whoshouldberesponsibleforthismatter
(5)whomMaryisengagedto
(6)whatcanbedonetoday
(7)whatIhavebeenlookingfor
(8)thatthechairmanwouldagreetothisproposal
(9)Whethershelikesthepresent
(10)whetherIshouldaskforanotherloan
(11)whethertheywillsupportus
Ⅹ、定语从句
(1)thehousewhereLuXunwasborn
(2)thefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate
(3)onthedaywhenhissonarrived
(4)thereasonwhyIaminfavorofthisproposal
(5)whoselegswerebadlyhurt
(6)whichmadeourjourneymoredifficult
(7)mostofwhomwereEnglishmajors
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