麦田里的守护者.docx
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麦田里的守护者.docx
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麦田里的守护者
《麦田里的守护者》中霍尔顿悲剧成因分析
张乐
摘要:
《麦田里的守护者》是J.D.塞格林的一部杰作,它深刻探索了二战后美国年轻人的精神世界,是美国经典小说之一。
本文主要从他的自身因素,家庭中父母错误的教育方式以及来自学校,社会的不良风气的影响,这几方面详细分析了主人公霍尔顿悲剧命运的成因。
霍尔顿看不惯那时的世道,却有无力改变。
他变得自欺欺人,矛盾重重,最终,他的精神彻底崩溃,通过分析主人公霍尔顿的悲剧成因,启迪家庭、学校、社会应重视青少年的内心世界,而青少年也应以本作品中主人公的亲身经历为鉴,好好对待自己,认真对待生活。
关键词:
霍尔顿悲剧自身素质家庭、学校及社会因素
TheAnalysisoftheCausesofHolden’sTragedyintheCatcherintheRye
ZhangLe
Abstract:
TheCatcherintheRyeisthemasterpieceofSalinger.ThenovelisoneofthegreatmodernclassicoftheAmericanliteraturewhichexploresthepsychologicalworldofpostwarAmericanyouth.ThispapermakesadetailedanalysisofthecausesofHolden’sTragedyintermsofhischaracterflaw,hisparentswrongteachingmethodstowardshimandtheinfluenceofunhealthyatmospherefromschoolandsociety.Hehatestoseemannersandmoralsofthetimebutheispowerlesstochangethesecularworld.Sohebecomesself-deceivingandself-contradictory.Finally,hisspiritiscompletelycollapsed.ByanalyzingthecausesofHolden’stragedy,theauthortriestodemonstratethatfamily,schoolandsocietyshouldpaymoreattentiontoteenagers’innerworldandteenagersshoulddrawalessonfromHolden’sexperience.Teenagersshouldtreatthemselveswellandtreatlifeseriously.
Keywords:
Holden’sTragedycharacterflawfamily,schoolandsocietyfactors
Contents
Notes…………………………………………………………………….12
TheAnalysisoftheCausesofHolden’sTragedyintheCatcherintheRye
ZhangLe
Introduction:
JeromeDavidSalinger(1919-2010)isanoutstandingAmericanwriterofpost-war.WhenhepublishedTheCatcherintheRyein1951,hebecamemoreandmoreinfluential.Thisnovelistheonlyfull-lengthnovelofSalinger,whichisconsideredas“modernclassic”.ThenoveltellsusHolden’stragicstoriesinhisowntoneHoldenisachildfromawealthyfamilyHecanenterintoanexcellentschool,buthisdreamisnotbecomeascholaroranyonethatcanaffordaCadillac.Hisschoollifeisboringandmeaningless.Heisdisappointedathisschoolandhedoesn’twanttoapplyhimselftothestudy.Sohewasflunkedduetothefailureofmanysubjects.Insteadofdoingbacktohome,hespenttwonightsinNewYork.Duringthisperiod,hesufferedalotHoldencannotbearthesightofeverythingaroundhim,heevenwanttoescapetherealisticworld.Beingadeafanddumbheinclinedtoliveaplacewhichshutofffromtheoutsideworld,Butitisimpossibleforhimtodosuchthings.Asaresult,heonlylivesincontradiction.Heissickofmovie,butheidlesawayhistimeinthecinema.Hedeteststhesexrelationshipwithoutlove,butcallsaprostituteirrationallyHewasdisgustedathisgirlfriendSallywhoisvulgarandvanity,butcan’thelpcovetingherbeauty.Intheseexperiences,hesuffersnothingbutself-deception,gloomyandspiritualdepression.Intheend,hecan’tbalancehimself.Heissenttoahospitalwherehecanreceivepsychologicaltreatment.BecauseTheCatcherintheRyehasgreatsocialsignificanceandartisticcharacteristics,manyscholarsstudiesthisnovelfrommanyaspects,thetheme,thelanguage,thecharactersandinnerworldoftheprotagonistHolden.MypurposeinthispaperistoexplorethecausesofHolden’stragedyinTheCatcherintheRye.Bywayofanalyzingthecauses,wecandrawsomelessonsandpaymoreattentiontothegrowthoftheyouth.
1.Holden’stragiclife
Holden’slifeisatragedy.Helongsforunderstandingandtruelovebutpeoplearecarelessofhisfeelings.Heissensitivetohissurroundingsbuthecannotadjusthismoodaccordingly.Helongsforaworldwherethereisnohypocriticalaffectionandimpuritybuthehasnopowertochangethesecularworld.Atlast,healsoindulgedineverythinghehates.Heisbesetwithnumerouscontradictionsandcannotgetridofthoseinfluences.
1.1Personalunhappinessinhisemotionallife
Asasixteen-year-oldboy,heshouldbehappyandlivelyinhisemotionallife.However,livinginasecularworldmanyfactorscandestroyhishappiness.
1.11Parentswhocan’tunderstandhim
Holdencomesfromawell-to-domiddleclassfamily.Hisfamilycanprovidehimwithfavorableconditionsthathelphimgrowsmoothly.However,Holdencan’tacquireadeepunderstandingfromhisparents.ThecauseofthisproblemisthatthereisnocommunicationbetweenHoldenandhisparents,HisparentspayslittleattentiontoHolden’sinnerworldwhichisfullofnumerousworriesandcontradictions.Inthebeginningofthisnovel,Holdentellsushowheevaluateshisparents:
“They’reniceandall--I’mnotsayingthat--butthey’realsotouchyashell”[1]AccordingtothewordsfromHolden’ssister,ifHoldenwasdismissedfromschool.Hisfatherwouldflewintoarageandcriticizehimforit.Inthiscase,Holdenisafraidoffacinghisfather.Asforhismother,herheartbecomesveryfragileduetothedeathofHolden’sbrother.Hermotherfeelsheartacheforthedeathofherbelovedsonandsheishystericalwithgrief.SoHolden’sfeelingsandthoughtsarecompletelyoverlooked.Hedoesnotlikestudy,Becausetherearemanyphoniesinhisschool.Hedoesnotaccustomofstayingathisschool.Hecan’tgeteffectivehelpandcorrectguidancefromhisparents.Hecan’tgetunderstandingandcommunicationfromhisparents,evenifhelongsforhisparents’tenderfeelings.Heleaveshomeforschoolwhenheissixteen.Hewantstogohomeandheiseagerforhisparents’understanding.Butwhenhethinksofhisparents’rudenessandcritic,hehasnocouragetolookforhelpandsupportfromparents.Asaresult,theyhavemuchdifficultyincommunicatingandunderstanding.Toadegree,hisparentsleadtoHolden’sunhappiness.
1.12Friendswhocan’tcherishthesameidealsandfollowthesamepath.
Inhisschool,Holdenhasnorealfriends.Theunhealthywaysandcustomsareprevailinginhisschool.Hisschoolisfullofphonieshehateswithallhissoul.Hisfellowsandroommateswhoarenotinterestedinstudy.TheystayedatschooljustinordertostandoutamongotherfellowsandmakemoneytobuyaCadillac.Holdenwouldn’tliketogoalongwiththem.Soheandhisfriendshadnocommongoal.Holdenalwaysholdtheirbehaviorindetestation.Meanwhile,hisfriendsalsocan’tbearHolden’sthoughtandcan’tunderstandhishostilityandsincerity.Holdenandhisfriendscannotcherishthesameidealsandfollowthesamepath.Holden’sfriendshaveterriblepersonalities.TakeAckleyforexample,AckleyisaguywhoroomsnexttoHolden.Holdenneverevenonceseeshimbrushhisteeth.Histeethalwayslooksmossyandawful.Hiswholefaceiscoveredwithalotofpimples.HisbehavioralsomakesHoldensick.Healwayspickedupothers’personalstuff.InspiteofHolden’swarning,hecuthiscrumbynailsoverthefloor.InordertogetscissorsforAckley,Holdengetshurt.HeInsteadofsympathizingwithHolden,AckleylaughsatHoldenwithhisveryhighfalsettovoice.HoldenonlytellsAckleythathehasadamngoodsenseofhumor.However,thisisthewayinthatHoldencancomforthimself.SuchfoolishfellowlikeAckleycannotunderstandHolden.SoHoldenalsowouldnotliketotellhimhistruefeelings.Infact,hecan’tliveinaharmoniousatmospherewithhisfellows.HisfriendsevenbringafightwithHoldenoveragirl.AnotherguycalledStradlater,whogivesafighttoHolden.Stradlaterisaplayboywhodallyswithwomen.Asweallknown,itiswrongforamantoplaywithawoman’saffections.ButhisroommateStradlaterconsidersitasapleasure.Hechangeshisgirlfriendsfrequently.HemakesagirlfriendwhowasfamiliartoHolden.ThatmakesHoldenverysad.BecauseHoldenthinksthatthegirlisavictiminStradlater’sloveaffairs.Stradlatercannotgivethegirltruelove.Heonlywantstospendtimeorhavesexwithher.WhenHoldenthinksofStradlater’sbasemotive,hecan’tkeephistemper.AsaresultHoldenleadstoafight.Ontheonehand,Holdenfeelsanobscureaffectiontowardsthatgirl.Ontheotherhand,Holdenalwayskeepspursuingpureloveinhisinnerheartandhecan’tbearthesightofsoiledloveappearinginhismind.Atlast,HoldenishurtbyStradlater.AsforStradlater,heswaggersoutofroomleavingHoldenontheground.Whataselfishboyheis!
StradlaterneverthinkofthehelpofHoldenandhehasnopatiencetolistenforHolden’squestion.Inthisnovel,Stradlaterisalwaysaselfishboy.Holdenhelpshimalot.ButHoldenwantshimtosendhisgreetingstothegirl.Stradlatermustcompletelyforgotit.Stradlateralsodoesn’tknowwhyHoldenwriteshisbrotherinthecomposition.HeevenblamesHoldenthathedoesn’tfollowtheruleofwriting.Fromabovecases,wecanseeHoldenandhisfollowshavedifferentoutlookonlife.Theyhavedifferentviewsonlife,loveandschool.Holdenhasnorealfriendsatallinhislife.Therefore,noonecansharehissorrowandgloomy;noonecantrulyknowandunderstandhim.
1.13Loverswhoshowfalseaffection
HoldenandSallyHayesareloversinthisnovel.Theygettogetherjustbecauseoftheirsolitudeandvanity.Holdenhatestomakegirlfriendwithoutlove.Butwhenheescapesfromtheschool,hefeelsdepressed.Hewantstospendtimewithothers.Hehopestophonesomeonetogetridofloneliness.Butnobodywouldavailable.Finallyhefindsanaddressofastrangeandindecentgirlandcallsheruplateatnight.Unfortunatelyheisrefusedagain.SoHolden’slasthopeistocallSallywhoissocalledhisgirlfriend.Inthisway,HoldenandSallymeetagain.Butthereisnogenuineaffectionbetweenthem.Sallyisaphonygirl.Holdendoesn’tlikethistypeofgirl.Whereas,Sallyisabeautifulgirl,whichmakesHoldencan’thelptouchingher.TheyounglikeHoldeninthestageofadolesce
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