新概念英语第一册语法知识点.docx
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新概念英语第一册语法知识点.docx
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新概念英语第一册语法知识点
RevisedonNovember25,2020
新概念英语第一册语法知识点
新概念英语第一册语法总结
Ø时态:
一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时
1.一般现在时表示一般性、经常性的动作或一般性事实。
★含有be动词的句子Heisateacher.Thegirlisverybeautiful.TimandJackarestudents.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首IsheateacherIsthegirlverybeautifulAreTimandJackstudents★变否定句在be动词后面加notHeisnotateacher.Thegirlisnotverybeautiful.TimandJackarenotstudents.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.★含有一般动词的句子★第三人称单数及单数名词Helikesbooks.Shelikeshim.Thedoglikesbones.★变疑问句在句首加does,动词变为原型DoeshelikebooksDoesshelikehimDoesthedoglikebones★变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesn’t,动词变为原型Hedoesn’tlikebooks.Shedoesn’tlikehim.Thedogdoesn’tlikebones.★肯定回答及否定回答:
Yes,hedoes.No,hedoesn’t.Yes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’tYes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.注意:
第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S。
★其他人称及复数名词Iwanttohaveabath.Wehavesomemeat.Thestudentslikesmartteachers.★变疑问句在句首加doDoyouwanttohaveabathDowehaveanymeatDothestudentslikesmartteachers★变否定句在主语和动词之间加don’t.Youdon’twanttohaveabath.Wedon’thaveanymeat.Thestudentsdon’tlikesmartteachers.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.Yes,wedo.No,wedon’tYes,theydo.No,theydon’t.
2.现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。
构成:
主语+be动词+动词的现在分词+其它成分Wearehavinglunch.Heisreadingabook.Thedogisrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首ArewehavinglunchIshereadingabookIsthedogrunningafteracatAretheboysswimmingacrosstheriver★变否定句在be动词后面加notWearenothavinglunch.Heisnotreadingabook.Thedogisnotrunningafteracat.Theboysareswimmingacrosstheriver.★特殊疑问句:
what,which,how,where,who,etc.疑问词+be动词+主语+现在分词WhatareyoudoingWhatisshedoingWhatisthedogdoing
没有进行时的动词(必背)表示状态、思想、感情、感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1.表示感觉、感官的词see,hear,like,love,want2.have,has作为动词”拥有”的含义时,没有进行时
3.一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday,lastnight,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago.
含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am/is的变为was,are的变为wereIwasatthebutcher’s.Youwereastudentayearago.Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★变疑问句将be动词移动到句首Wereyouatthebutcher’sWereyouastudentayearagoWastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago★变否定句在be动词后面加notIwasnotatthebutcher’s.Youwerenotastudentayearago.Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasnot.Yes,youwere.No,youwerenot.Yes,he/shewas.No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑问句:
Whatdidyoudo不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,动词过去式构成见附录Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboywenttoarestaurant.TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.★变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型DidyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterdayDidtheboygotoarestaurantDidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearagoKingStreetayearago★变否定句在主语和动词之间加didnot,动词变为原型Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.KingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.Yes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.Yes,theydid.No,theydidnot.
4.现在完成时构成:
主语+助动词have/has+过去分词用法:
1)表示过去发生且和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.(饱了,不用再吃了)Hehashadacupoftea.(不渴了,不用再喝)Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.(不能再度假了)Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.(已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkHaveyoubeentoBeijingHaveheseenthefilm3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.4)表示一种经历、经验:
去过…地方,做过…事情,经历过…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.IhaveeverbeentoParis.Havebeento表示去过,havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.(人已经回来)HehasgonetoLondon.(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果,一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.Shehasbrokenmyheart.
句型变化:
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.HaveyoulostyourpenIhavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑问句:
WhathaveyoudoneWhathashedone
一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:
凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意:
有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错:
I’veleftBeijingfor3days.对:
IleftBeijing3daysago.Ihavebeenawayfrombeingfor3days.
5.一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow,nextyear,thedayaftertomorrow,theyearafterthenext,infivehours’time,etc.表示将来的词联用结构:
主语+助动词will+动词原形IwillgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning.★变疑问句将助动词移到句首WillyougotoAmericatomorrowWillthepilotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenextWillJackmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning★变否定句在助动词后面加notIwillnotgotoAmericatomorrow.ThepilotwillnotflytoJapanthemonthafterthenext.Jackwillnotmoveintohisnewhousetomorrowmorning★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot.Yes,he/shewill.No,he/shewillnot.Yes,hewill.No,hewillnot.★特殊疑问句:
Whatwillyoudo
6.过去完成时用法:
在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。
结构:
had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用。
★变疑问句将助动词移到句首Hadshefinishedherhomework★变否定句在助动词后面加notShehadn’tfinishedherhomework.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.★特殊疑问句:
Whathadshedone7.过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when,while,as引导的状语从句中。
结构:
was/were+doingWhenmyhusbandwasgoingintothediningroomthismorning,hedroppedsomecoinsonthefloor.Whilewewerehavingdinner,myfatherwaswatchingTV.
8.过去将来时结构:
woulddo(动词原型)Shesaidshewouldgoherethenextmorning.
一般现在时:
do,does/am,is,are现在进行时:
am,is,are一般过去时:
did现在完成时:
have,has一般将来时:
will,shall过去进行时:
was,were过去完成时:
had过去将来时:
would
Ø特殊句型:
therebe句型,begoingto结构
1.begoingto结构表示打算、准备、计划做某事★结构:
主语+be动词+goingto+动词原型Iamgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首AreyougoingtomakeabookcaseAretheygoingtopaintitIsthefathergoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter★变否定句在be动词后面加notIamnotgoingtomakeabookcase.Theyaregoingtopaintit.Thefatherisnotgoingtogivethebookcasetohisdaughter.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Yes,heis.No,heisnot.★特殊疑问句WhatareyougoingtodoWhataretheygoingtodoWhatisthefathergoingtodo2.Therebe句型表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)Thereis+单数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)Thereisabookinthisroom.ThereisapenonthetableThereare+复数名词+表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)Therearetwopensonthetable.Therearethreeschoolsthere.★变疑问句将be动词移到句首IsthereabookinthisroomAretheretwopensonthetable★变否定句在动词后面加notThereisnotabookinthisroom.Therearenottwopensonthetable.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,thereis.No,thereisnot.Yes,thereare.No,therearenot.
Ø一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句、选择疑问句、否定疑问句
一般疑问句:
助动词/be动词+主语AreyouateacherDoyouwanttohaveacupoftea
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname选择疑问句:
orDoyouwantbeeforlamb反意疑问句:
肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyouYouneedthatpen,don’tyou
否定疑问句:
一般疑问句+否定词(表达肯定的意思)Aren’tyouluckyDon’tyouwanthavearest
Ø限定词:
some,any,many,much
some,any修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some.many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many,much,而用alotof/lotsof,在否定句中表示很多用many,much.Ihavealotofmoney.Idon’thavemuchmoney.
Ø名词:
分类、复数形式、名词所有格
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词不可数名词无法分开的东西:
water,tea,bread,milk,rice(米)抽象的东西:
love,beauty,coldness(寒冷)不可数名词有以下特点:
不能用a,an修饰不能加s和单数be动词或动词搭配可数名词:
单数可数名词要用冠词修饰,复数可数名词要在名词后面加s,名词复数共有以下几种变化:
规则变化的名词复数形式
规则1
一般情况+s.shell→shellsbook→books
规则2
以s,x,ch,sh结尾+es.fox→foxeschurch→churches,bus→buses,watch→watches
规则3
以o结尾+s或+es.potato→potatoes,Negro→Negroes,hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,(口诀:
黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿),剩下一般加s,radio→radios
规则4
以f,fe结尾的,变f,fe为ves.life→liveshalf→halves,shelf→shelves,city→cities,wife→wives
规则5
以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es.sky→skiesfly→flies
不规则变化的名词复数形式
单数
man
woman
foot
goose
tooth
复数
men
women
feet
geese
teeth
单数
child
sheep
deer
mouse
fish
复数
children
sheep
deer
mice
fish
Ø副词:
用法、形容词变副词的变化
副词可以修饰形容词、动词、副词或整个句子。
如:
Thebookisverygood.Herunsfast.Shecameherequiteearly.CertainlyIwillgowithyou.形容词变副词的变化:
1.直接在形容词后加-ly,careful-carefully,slow-slowly,2.以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词,把y变i,加-ly,happy-happily,lucky-luckily3.有些词形容词和副词的形式相同,不需要做任何变化fast,hard,late4.有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远:
near-nearly,high-highly,late-lately,
Ø情态动词:
can,must,may,might,need
1.情态动词can(能够),must(必须),may(可以)结构:
主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首CanhemaketheteaCanSallyairtheroomCanwespeakEnglish★变否定句在情态动词后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.★特殊疑问句:
Whatcanyoudo注意:
情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。
2.Must/haveto的区别must表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,
haveto是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做,havetodo可以用在任何时态
3.must,may,might表示猜测mustdo表示对现在事实的猜测musthavedone表示对过去事实的猜测musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜测,might的可能性更小。
can’t/couldn’t表示不可能
4.need用法表示“需要”时为实意动词,后面可以加名词,也可以加不定式:
Ineedapen.DoyouneedanybeerNo,Idon’t.Ineedtohavearest.Needdoing=needtobedone,表示被动Theflowersneedwatering.Need在否定时做情态动词使用Youneedn’tgosoearly.=Youdon’tneedtogosoearly.MustIcleanthedeskrightnowNo,youneedn’t.
Ø不定代词及不定副词:
Some
any
no
every
thing
something
anything
nothing
everything
one
someone
anyone
anything
everyone
where
somewhere
anywhere
anywhere
everywhere
body
somebody
anybody
nobody
everybody
Ilookedformybookeverywhere,butIcan’tfinditanywhere.Ifyouwantgosomewhere,ifyouwanttobesomeone,youmustwakeup.Help!
SomebodyAnybodyYouarereallysomethin
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