八年级下英语各单元知识点27页word.docx
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八年级下英语各单元知识点27页word.docx
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八年级下英语各单元知识点27页word
Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
课本、报刊杂志中的成语、名言警句等俯首皆是,但学生写作文运用到文章中的甚少,即使运用也很难做到恰如其分。
为什么?
还是没有彻底“记死”的缘故。
要解决这个问题,方法很简单,每天花3-5分钟左右的时间记一条成语、一则名言警句即可。
可以写在后黑板的“积累专栏”上每日一换,可以在每天课前的3分钟让学生轮流讲解,也可让学生个人搜集,每天往笔记本上抄写,教师定期检查等等。
这样,一年就可记300多条成语、300多则名言警句,日积月累,终究会成为一笔不小的财富。
这些成语典故“贮藏”在学生脑中,自然会出口成章,写作时便会随心所欲地“提取”出来,使文章增色添辉。
短语:
“教书先生”恐怕是市井百姓最为熟悉的一种称呼,从最初的门馆、私塾到晚清的学堂,“教书先生”那一行当怎么说也算是让国人景仰甚或敬畏的一种社会职业。
只是更早的“先生”概念并非源于教书,最初出现的“先生”一词也并非有传授知识那般的含义。
《孟子》中的“先生何为出此言也?
”;《论语》中的“有酒食,先生馔”;《国策》中的“先生坐,何至于此?
”等等,均指“先生”为父兄或有学问、有德行的长辈。
其实《国策》中本身就有“先生长者,有德之称”的说法。
可见“先生”之原意非真正的“教师”之意,倒是与当今“先生”的称呼更接近。
看来,“先生”之本源含义在于礼貌和尊称,并非具学问者的专称。
称“老师”为“先生”的记载,首见于《礼记?
曲礼》,有“从于先生,不越礼而与人言”,其中之“先生”意为“年长、资深之传授知识者”,与教师、老师之意基本一致。
go on vacation
宋以后,京师所设小学馆和武学堂中的教师称谓皆称之为“教谕”。
至元明清之县学一律循之不变。
明朝入选翰林院的进士之师称“教习”。
到清末,学堂兴起,各科教师仍沿用“教习”一称。
其实“教谕”在明清时还有学官一意,即主管县一级的教育生员。
而相应府和州掌管教育生员者则谓“教授”和“学正”。
“教授”“学正”和“教谕”的副手一律称“训导”。
于民间,特别是汉代以后,对于在“校”或“学”中传授经学者也称为“经师”。
在一些特定的讲学场合,比如书院、皇室,也称教师为“院长、西席、讲席”等。
stay at home
go to the mountains
go to the beach
visit museums
go to summer camp
quite a few
study for
go out
most of the time
taste good
have a good time
of course feel like go shopping in the past walk around too many because of one bowl of find out go on take photos something important up and down come up 语法:
Where did you go on vacation?
I went to New York City.
Did you go out with anyone?
No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. Did you buy anything special?
Yes, I bought something for my father. How was the food?
Everything tasted really good.
Did everyone have a good time?
Oh,yes. Everything was excellent. 惯用法:
1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有 4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来
5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地 6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事
7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事 8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事 10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 12. look + adj 看起来
13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢?
15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事
17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
词语辨析:
anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。
anywhere 在任何地方 , 常用于否定句和疑问句中。
I can‟t find it anywhere. somewhere 在某处,到某处,常用于肯定句。
I lost my key somewhere near here. 2. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold
I seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…;似乎…. It seems that no one believe you. seem like ….好像,似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum. decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.
4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始,可与begin 互换 。
He started doing his homework. 但以下几种情况不能用begin .
创办,开办:
He started a new bllkshop last month. 机器开动:
I can‟t start my car
出发,动身:
I will start tomorrow morning.
5. over 介词,多于,超过,在…以上(表示数目、程度)
= more than My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上,与物体垂直且不接触,与 under 相反。
There is a map over the blackboard. 超过:
I hear the news over the radio. 遍及:
I want to travel all over the world.
6. too many 太多,后接可数名词复数:
Mother bought too many eggs yesterday. too much 太多,修饰不可数名词,修饰动词作状语
We have too much work to do. Don‟t talk too much. much too 太,修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me. You‟re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口诀:
too much, much too, 用法区别看后头:
much 后接不可数, too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住,后面名词必复数。
7. because of 介词短语,因为,由于,后接名词、代词或动名词,不能接句子。
He can‟t take a walk because of the rain.
because 连词,因为,引导状语从句,表示直接明确的原因或理由。
I don‟t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.
Unit 1 Exercise 一. 补全对话:
Anna:
Hi, Jane. Where you go on vacation last week?
Jane:
I ______ to Penang in _______. Anna:
Who _____you go with?
Jane:
I went with my ______. Anna:
What did you do?
Jane:
The weather was hot and _______ on Monday, so we went _________on the beach. Then in the afternoon, we________ bicycles to Georgetown. Anna:
Sounds good!
Jane:
Well, but the nest day was not good. My________ and I went to Penang Hill, but the weather___________ really bad and rainy. We _________ a long time for the train and we were _________ and cold because we forgot to bring an ___________. Anna:
Oh, no!
Jane:
And that‟s not all!
We also didn‟t bring_________ money, so we only had one bowl of rice and some fish. 二. 汉译英
1. 当学生们在说话时,王老师进来了。
(as )
2. Tom踢足球不错,但是我踢得也一样好。
(as )
3. 我对他不够熟悉。
(enough)
4. 他感觉像在游泳一样。
(feel like )
5. 你想和我在公园散步吗?
(feel like )
6. 为什么不试着骑车去上学呢?
(try)
7. 我不能决定我该去哪儿. (decide)
8. 为什么不把你儿子带来参加聚会?
(bring)
9. 我差点忘了我的钥匙。
(forget)
10. 我不喜欢玩电脑游戏。
(dislike)
11. 他是一个留着短发的高个子小孩。
(with)
12. 他跑得非常快,没有人能追上他。
(so……that……)
13. 她每天早晨早起以便能赶上早班公共汽车。
(so…that…)
14. 我告诉他不要在墙上画画。
(tell…not to do…)
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
短语:
help with housework go shopping on weekends how often hardly ever once a week twice a month go to the movies every day use the Internet be free have dance and piano lessons swing dance play tennis stay up late at least go to bed early play sports be good for go camping in one‟s free time not….at all the most popular such as go to the dentist more than old habits the hard less than 语法要点:
What do you usually do on weekends?
I always exercise.
What do they do on weekends?
They often help with housework. What does she do on weekends?
She sometimes goes shopping.
How often do you go to the movies?
I go to the movies maybe once a month. How often does he watch TV?
He hardly ever watches TV. Do you go shopping?
No, I never go shopping. 惯用法:
1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事
2. How about…?
….怎么样?
/ ….好不好?
3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 ….有多少…..
5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 …发现…
6. It‟s + adj.+ to do sth. 做某事是….的
7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光
8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
9. by doing sth. 通过做某事
10. What‟s your favorite…..?
你最喜欢的……是什么?
11 start doing sth. 开始做某事
12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式 词语辨析:
1. how often 多久一次,用来提问动作发生的频率。
回答用:
once,twice, three times 等词语。
How often do you play sports?
Three times a week.
how long 多长,用来询问多长时间,也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here?
How long is the ruler?
how for 多远, 用来询问距离,指路程的远近。
How far is it from here to the park?
It‟s about
2 kilometers. free 空闲的,有空的, 反义词为 busy. be free 有空,闲着,相当于 have time. I‟ll be free next week. = I‟ll have time next week.
还可作“免费的、自由的”解。
be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。
The tickets are free. You‟re free to go or to stay.
How come?
怎么会?
怎么回事?
表示某件事情很奇怪,有点想不通;可单独使用,也可引导一个问句, 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。
How come Tom didn‟t come to the party?
= Why didn‟t Tom come to the party?
stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚,迟睡”。
Don‟t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“熬夜,不睡觉”。
He stayed up all night to write his story.
go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程,但人不一定睡着。
I went to bed at eleven last night. go to sleep 强调“入睡,睡着,进入梦乡”。
She was so tired that she went to sleep soon. find + 宾语 +名词,
发现 :
We have found him (to be) a good boy. find + 宾语 + 形容词,
发现:
He found the room dirty.
find + 宾语 + 现在分词, 发现 :
I found her standing at the door. percent 百分数, 基数词 + percent:
percent 没有复数形式,作主语时,根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。
Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.
more than 超过,多于,不仅仅, 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。
反义词组为:
less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词, 担心的,害怕的,在句中作表语,不用在名词前作定语。
I‟m afraid we can‟t come here on time.
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事;
be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark. Don‟t be afraid of asking question. I‟m afraid + 从句, 恐怕, 担心:
I‟m afraid I have to go now. 10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别:
sometimes 频度副词, 有时。
表示动作发生的不经常性,多与一般现在时连用,可位于句首、句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副词,某个时候。
表示不确切或不具体的时间,常用于过去时或将来时,对它用疑问词when. I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times
名词词组, 几次,几倍。
其中time 是可数名词,对它提问用how many times. I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名词短语, 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时,句中谓语动词常为延续性动词,提问时用 How long. I „ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?
Unit 2 Exercise 补充练习:
一、补全对话
A.What do Tom and Mike _______do on weekends?
B:
They sometimes go to the museum.
A:
_______ do they go to the shopping center?
B:
_______ ever. Maybe about twice a month.
A:
_______ do they watch TV?
B:
Mike never watch TV, but Tom watches TV _______ day
. A:
Oh, I‟m just like Tom. I ______ watch TV ,too.
二、汉译英
1. 我经常帮他学英语。
(help …with…)
2. 这个故事我读了好几遍了。
( have read….some times )
3. 我将在这待一段时间。
(some time)
4. 几乎没有剩下的食物。
( hardly )
5. 你多久锻炼一次?
(how often )
6. 我用刀切面包。
(use )
7.吃蔬菜对你有益(be good for)
8.农场上有多少个工人?
(How many)
9.玛丽问我关于我生日聚会的一些事情。
(ask sb. about sth . )
10.他发现没有人能回答他的问题。
(find)
11.我发现他正站在门口(find)
12.男生中的百分之七十喜欢电脑游戏。
(percent)
13.没有一个人知道这个问题的答案。
(the answers to the questions)
14.尽管下了一天雨了,但是那些男孩们仍在外面玩耍(although)
15.我认为对于
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