中考考点主谓一致详细大全.docx
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中考考点主谓一致详细大全.docx
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中考考点主谓一致详细大全
主谓一致
主谓一致是指:
1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
一、名词作主语的主谓一致
⑴本身表示复数概念的,如people,police,cattle,clothes等,其谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如:
peoplearetalkingaboutthenews.
Cattlefeedongrass.
⑵集合名词作主语,如强调整体,谓语动词常用单数;如表示组成集体的分散个体,谓语动词要用复数。
常见集合名词有:
family,class,team,group,government,audience,crowd,company,public,army,staff,population,majority等。
例如:
Myfamilyisverylarge.
Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.
⑶有些名词,如equipment,furniture,baggage,machinery,clothing,jewellery等在句子中作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
例如:
Thefurnitureinmyroomisoldnow.
⑷表示时间,距离、长度、价值、金额、重量等的复数名词作主语时,常被看做整体,谓语动词用单数。
例如:
Twentyyearsisalongtime.
Ahundredmilesisquitealongdrive,isn’tit?
二、代词的主谓一致
⑴主语为somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,everything,nothing,something,either,neither,each,one,theother,another等不定代词时,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。
e.g. Everyoneishere. 大家都到齐了。
Nobodyknowstheanswer.没有人知道答案。
⑵all指人时,谓语动词常用复数;指物时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
e.g. Allwassilent.(指物)
Allareherenow.(指人)
⑶Such作主语,谓语动词要根据它所指的具体内容来决定单复数
Suchismyplan.
Sucharehiswords.
⑷在定语从句中,关系代词who,which,that等做主语时,其人称和数的变化随要修饰的名词而定。
例如:
Thosewhohaveseenthefilmpleaseputupyourhands.
Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisourchairman.
【友情提示】辨析:
⑴HeisoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhoknowJapanese.
他是我们学校懂日语的老师之一。
(不止一个)
⑵HeistheonlyoneoftheteachersinourschoolwhoknowsJapanese.
他是我们学校唯一一个懂日语的老师。
三、并列结构作主语的主谓一致
⑴主语由and或both…and连接,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词谓语也用复数)
Bothcoffeeandbeerareonsaleintheshop.
Mr.JohnandMrs.Johnarescientists.
【友情提示】
① and连接的名词表达的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,则两个名词公用一个冠词(代词),谓语动词用单数形式。
Thesingeranddanceristoattendtheparty.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家将参加这次晚会。
Breadandbutterisherfavoritefood.黄油面包是她最喜欢的食物。
【比较】:
Myfriendandlawyerhascaughtacold. 译为:
。
Myfriendandmylawyerhavecaughtacold. 译为:
。
②用and连接的两个名词表示同一概念的常见短语有:
一副刀叉aknifeandfork 针线aneedleandthread
⑵ 由and连接的两个单数主语前面如有every,each,no,manya修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如:
Eachboyandeachgirlwasgivenabook.
⑶当either…or…, neither…nor…, not…butalso…, not…but…, or等连接并列主语时,谓语动词应遵循“就近“原则,即根据最靠近谓语动词的主语来确定。
例如:
You,he orIamright.我,你或者他是对的。
Iseitherheoryouright?
是他还是你对了?
⑷主语后有with,togetherwith,alongwith,besides,but,including,aswellas,ratherthan,except,inadditionto等短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。
例如:
AllthestudentsbesidesMarryhavegonetothecinema.
HeaswellasIworksveryhard.
I,ratherthanyou,amtoblameforit.
四、动名词短语、动词不定式短语或名词性从句充当句子主语时,谓语动词用单数
例如:
Togetonwellwithhimishard.
Whatshesaidisright.
【友情提示】由and连接的动词不定式短语等,其谓语动词主语根据句子的单复数概念决定。
例如:
Whenandwheretoholdthemeetinghasn’tbeendecidedyet.
Whentoholdthemeetingandwheretoholditaretwothings.
五、其他结构作主语的主谓一致
⑴ 在therebe…句型中,如主语不止一个,谓语动词根据“就近”原则,常和最靠近的那个主语在单复数上保持一致,以here开头的句子也是如此。
Herearemyrepliestoyourquestions.
Thereisanapple,twoorangesandsomebananasontheplate.
⑵ 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后主语一致
Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.
Nowcomesyourturn.
⑶由someof,plentyof,alotof,lotsof,mostof,therestof,all(of),half(of),分数/百分数+of+名词等短语作主语时,其谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。
例如:
Alotofstudentsarewaitingoutside.
Lotsofwaterhasbeenpolluted.
【友情提示】population表示“人口”,即一个国家或地区居民的数目时,其谓要用单数,但如其后出现复数名词与其呼应时,谓语要用复数。
例如:
Justunderathirdofthepopulationnowsmokes
Abouteightypercentofthepopulationofthiscountryarepeasants.
⑷在四则运算中,谓语动词多用单数,也可用复数
Twoandtenistwelve.
Twotimeseightissixteen.
⑸定冠词+形容词或分词,表示某一类人时,谓语动词要用复数;若表示某一抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数。
Theoldaretakengoodcareofhere.
Theoldgivesplacetothenew.新陈代谢。
(抽象概念)
表示一类人或事物的词还有:
thepoor穷人 theliving活着的人 thedying垂死的人 therich富人 thedead死人 theinjured伤员 thewounded伤员 theyoung年轻人 theordinary普通人
⑹thenumberof和anumberof
thenumberof+复数名词,表示“……的数目”,其作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
anumberof+复数名词,表示“许多”,其作主语时,谓语动词要用复数。
例如:
Thenumberofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingwasaboutfourhundred.
Anumberofpeoplewerelateforthemeeting.
⑺Themajorityof+复数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;但themajority单独作主语时,其谓语单复数均可。
例如:
Themajorityofboyslikefootball.
Themajoritywere/wasinfavoroftheproposal.
⑻“a/an+单数名词+ortwo”作主语时,谓语一般用单数,但“oneortwo+复数名词”作主语时,谓语要用复数
Astudentortwohasfailedtheexam.
Oneortworeasonsweresuggested.
⑼Thiskind/sortof+名词作主语,谓语常用单数,但“复数名词+ofthiskind”作主语,谓语动词常用复数
Thiskindofquestionisveryhard.=Questionsofthiskindareveryhard.
【随堂练】
1. sheoryougoingtoBeijingnextmonth?
A Was B Is C Were D are
2. Thekilometers way.
A arequitelong B arequitealong
Cisquitealong D isaquitelong
3. Thesingeranddancer yet.
A don’tcome B didn’tcome C haven’tcome D hasn’tcome
4. Onemilliondollars alotofmoneyforeveryone.
A are B mean C arethought D is
5.TheUnitedNations in1945.
A aresetup B weresetup C wassetup D issetup
6.ThenationsofWesternEurope worthlearningfrom.
A is Bare C has D have
7. TheGreens Francesincethespringof1990.
A havebeento B havebeenin C hasbeento D hadbeenin
8. Howtimeflies!
Threeyears reallyashorttime.
A is B are Cwas D were
9. Johnandhisuncle goinghikingtomorrow.
A be B am C is Dare
10. When theUnitedNationsfounded?
A is B was Care D were
11.--WhydidyouchooseEnglishinsteadofJapanese?
--BecauseJapanese aspopularasEnglish.
A isn’t B aren’t C hasbeen D havebeen
12. TheChinese peacebuttheyaren’tafraidofwar.
A love B loves Cloved Dloving
13. Heisoneofthebeststudentsinhisclasswho bytheirteacher.
A praises B ispraised C praise Darepraised
14. Nonews goodnews.
A am B are C is D be
15. Withthehelpofpeople,thenumberofpandas moreandmore.
A isgetting B aregetting Cgot Dhasn’tgot
16. thatpairofnew Tony’s?
A Are;shoes B Is; shoes C Are; shoes D Is;shoe
17. politicsdifficultforyoutolearn.
A Are B Do C Does D Is
18.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcerts causedhearinglossinsometeenagers.
A is B are C has D have
19.SuchpoetsasShakespeare widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,some difficulttounderstand.
Aare;are B is;is C are;is D is;are
20.Maryiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho eveningdress.
A wear B wears C hasworn D haveworn
21. Three diedintheterriblefireinthisarealastwinter.
A hundredspeople B hundredpeople
C hundredspeoples D hundredpeoples
22. threemilliontonsofcoal everyyearinthecity.
Aisexploited B areexploited C hadexploited D haveexploited
23. StoriesoftheLongMarch popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.
Ais B was Care Dwere
24.I,who yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.
A am B is C are D be
【课后练习】
25.MissHuangtogetherwithherfriends shoppingeverySundayevening.
A go B went C going D goes
26. --Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass?
-- thestudentsinourclass overfifty.
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