中考定语从句复习精练 2.docx
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中考定语从句复习精练 2.docx
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中考定语从句复习精练2
定语从句
定语从句(I)
一、定义:
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如:
1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why
关系词常有三个作用:
1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
(在句子中做宾语)
5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
练习:
一、用关系代词填空:
that、which、who、whom、whose
1.Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.
2.Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.
3.Theman___________waspassingbysawwhathappened.
4.Aclockisamachine______tellspeoplethetime.
5.Thefilm____________theyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.
6.Iwillneverforgetthepeopleandtheplaces_____Ihaveevervisited.
7.Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.
三、单项选择
()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose
()2.What’sthenameoftheprogram________.
A.whicharelisteningB.youarelisteningto
C.tothatyouarelisteningD.thatyouarelistening
()3.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.
A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything
()4.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.
A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which
()5.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.
A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat
()6.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who
()7.Doyouknowthestudent_____?
A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalk
C.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk
()8.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.
A.whoseB.who’sC.it'sD.its
()9.Wouldyoutellmewheretogetthedictionary_____?
A.whatIneedB.IneedC.whichIneeditD.thatIneedit
()10.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.
A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that
定语从句(II)
一、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意:
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowhim.
(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/whereIwasborn.
二、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(2)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
=TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(3)We’llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
=We’llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
注意:
1、有些动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等
(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(True)
(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(False)
2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)
(2)Themanwho/thatyoutalkedwithismyfriend.(F)
(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)
(4)TheplaneinthatweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)
3、“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
针对性练习
简单归纳:
介词﹢关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择,方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配),再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断,结合生活实际来判断.
()1.Doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding______thereisawell?
A.infrontofit B.infrontofwhoseC.infrontofwhich D.infront which
()2.I’llneverforgettheday____IjoinedtheLeague.
A.onwhichB.inwhichC.whichD.atwhich
()3.Thewoman_____mybrotherspokejustnowismy teacher.
A.whoB.towhomC.towhoD.whom
()4.Jeannewasheroldfriend,____sheborroweda necklace.
A.fromwho B.fromwhomC.tothat D.towhom
()5.Hisglasses,_____hewaslikeablindman,fellto thegroundandbrokeitsleg.
A.which B.withwhichC.withoutwhichD.that
()6.sheisateacherofmuchknowledge,_____muchcanbelearned.
A.who B.that C. fromwhich D.fromwhom
()7.Hebuiltatelescope_____hecouldstudytheskies.
A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit
()8.Doyouknowthereason____hewaslate?
A.that B.which C.forwhatD.forwhich
()9.Ihaveboughttwoballpens,____writeswell.
A.noneofwhich B.neitherofwhichC.noneofthem D.neitherofthem
()10.TheSecondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledin1945.
A.duringwhichB.inthatC.whereD.onwhich
()11.Chinahasmanyrivers,____theChangjiangRiver isthelongest.
A.which B.inwhichC.amongwhich D.oneofwhich
()12.Thisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.
A.that B.bywhichC.which D.withwhich
三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句举例:
(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcouldmiss.
(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
非限制性定语从句举例:
(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别:
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
形式上
不用逗号和主句隔开
用逗号和主句隔开
意义上
是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除
是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整
译法上
翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…”
通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上
A.做宾语时可省略
B、可用that
C、可用who代替whom
A、不可省
B、不用that
C、不用who代替whom
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他只有一个哥哥)
四、难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是
1)anything,everything,nothing(something除外)
2)few,all,none,little,some
3)由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时
(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Lihassaid?
(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
(5) Anymanthathasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.
(6)He'llreadallthebooksthataresoldhere.
(7)Askanyquestions(that)youdon'tunderstand.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰
ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4.当形容词被thevery,theonly修饰时
(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy
(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.
5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
针对性练习
简单归纳:
先行词有下列情况或附有下列修饰语时,通常关系代词用that
1)先行词是all、no、none、everyone、 something、much、 little等
2)先行词前有序数词,形容词最高级,thelast,thesame,theonly等.
3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时.
4)若主句中有疑问代词who,which为了避免重复,关系代词不要再用who,which
()1.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.
A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether
()2Isthereanythingelse_____yourequire?
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
()3.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it
()4.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____ interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.
A.whichB.thatC.itD.whom
()5.Thereisnodictionary_____youcanfindeverything.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.inthat
()6.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_______.
A.thathaveeverbeenwritten B.thathaseverbeenwritten
C.thathaswritten D.thathavewritten
()7.Hewrotealettertome,telling meeverything_____ hesawonthewaytotheParis.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where
()8.Isoxygentheonlygas_____helpsfireburn?
A.thatB./C.whichD.it
()9.Isthereanything_____toyou?
A.thatisbelongedB.thatbelongs C.whichbelongs D.thatbelong
()10.Thescientistandhisachievements______youtoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whose
()11.Whichofthebooks______wereborrowedfro himisthebest?
A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whose
(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于andthis或andthat.
As一般放
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