考研英语模拟试题及答3.docx
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考研英语模拟试题及答3.docx
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考研英语模拟试题及答3
2010年考研英语模拟试题及答案(三)
发表时间:
2009-08-27 编辑:
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2010年考研英语模拟试题及答案(三)
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe1halfofthe19thcentury;mostof2werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S.,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat3duringtheFirstWorldWar,when4ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished5inmunitions(军火)plants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.6thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose7,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,8,FederalStateandlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol9thedaynurseries,chieflyby10themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.
The11oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere12calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis13theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,14$6000000inJuly,1942,foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.Manystatesandlocalcommunities15thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust,1945,morethan1000000childrenwerebeingcared16indaycarecentersreceivingFederal17.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment18cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater19them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir20attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.
1.[A]latter[B]other[C]late[D]first
2.[A]those[B]them[C]whose[D]which
3.[A]impetus[B]input[C]imitation[D]initiative
4.[A]sources[B]abundance[C]shortage[D]reduction
5.[A]hardly[B]entirely[C]only[D]even
6.[A]Because[B]As[C]Since[D]Although
7.[A]unanimously[B]sharply[C]predominantly[D]militantly
8.[A]therefore[B]consequently[C]however[D]moreover
9.[A]over[B]in[C]at[D]about
10.[A]formulating[B]labeling[C]patenting[D]licensing
11.[A]outset[B]outbreak[C]breakthrough[D]breakdown
12.[A]again[B]thus[C]repeatedly[D]yet
13.[A]circumstance[B]occasion[C]case[D]situation
14.[A]regulating[B]summoning[C]allocating[D]transferring
15.[A]compensated[B]facilitated[C]supplemented[D]expanded
16.[A]about[B]after[C]of[D]for
17.[A]pensions[B]subsidies[C]revenues[D]budgets
18.[A]prevalently[B]furiously[C]statistically[D]drastically
19.[A]abolished[B]diminished[C]jeopardized[D]precluded
20.[A]nurseries[B]homes[C]jobs[D]children
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet1.(40points)
Text1
Sloth(怠惰,懒惰)maybeseenasasin,butsomeofhistory’smostaccomplishedmenwerefondofloungingaround.LeonardodaVincienjoyednapping.SodidAlbertEinsteinandWinstonChurchill.RichardBuckminsterFulleradvocatedtaking30minutenapseverysixhours.Noonehasyetprovedacorrelationbetweennappingandartisticbrillianceorprofessionalsuccess,butanintriguingstudypublishedthisweekclaimstofindalinkbetweendaytimesiestasandgoodhealth.AteamofresearchersledbyAndronikiNaskaandDimitriosTrichopoulosofHarvard’sSchoolofPublicHealthfollowedover23000Greekpatientswithnohistoryofcancerorstroke,foranaverageofsixyears.Theirconclusion:
nappingjustmightsaveyourlife.
Thestudyfoundthatthegroupofadultswhotook30minutesiestasatleastthreetimesaweekhadathirdfewerdeathsfromheartdiseasethananequivalentgroupwhodidnotsleepatallduringtheday.Thebenefitwasgreaterformenthanforwomen.Itwasalsogreaterforworkingmalesthanforthosewhohadretired.However,anumberofpreviousstudiesdoneintheMediterraneanandinpartsofCentralAmerica(wheresiestasremaincommon)havecomeupwithconflictingresults,butDr.NaskaandDr.Trichopoulosarguethatthosestudieshaveoftenbeenflawed.Thesubjectsinsome,forexample,hadsurvivedheartattacksandmaythereforehavebenefitedmorefromnappingthanhealthyindividualsdo.
GiventhatallofthesubjectsofthisnewstudywereGreeks;couldthemuchcelebratedMediterraneandietdeservecredit,ratherthanthesiestas?
ThefirmanswerfromDrTrichopoulosis“No”.Andheisinagoodpositiontosayso,foritwashewhodidthepioneeringresearchthatputoliveoilandaplantbaseddietonthescientificmapinthefirstplace.Unlikesomeothernapstudies,hiswascontrolledfordiet,smoking,exerciseandotherrelevantvariables.TheearlierfindingsaboutthebenefitsoftheMediterraneandietareconfirmed,hesays,andnappingseemstohelpontopofthat.
Beforebuyingasofafortheoffice,however,itmightbewisetoconsiderthepossibilityofselectionbias.DrTrichopoulosconcludesthat“TypeA”personalities,whosehardworkinglivesmaymakethempronetoheartattacks,arealsomuchlesslikelytotakenapsduringtheday.Thatbiasmightbedistortingthestudy’sresults.Evenso,headvises,“Takeanapifyoucan.”
21.Theword“siesta”(Line5,Paragraph1)mostprobablydenotes
[A]laziness[B]silence [C]nap[D]labor
22.Dr.NaskaandDr.Trichopouloshaveconcludedintheirstudythatsiestas
[A]makescientistsmorebrilliant.
[B]mayprolongpeople’slife.
[C]helppeoplebecomeprofessionallysuccessful.
[D]cancurepatientsofsomefataldiseases.
23.Itcanbeinferredfromthesecondparagraphthat
[A]thosetakingnapsregularlyarelesslikelytodiefromheartdiseases.
[B]menaresuretosurviveheartattacksbetterthanwomen.
[C]theretiredcanenjoyahappierlifethantheemployed.
[D]peopleinCentralAmericadon’tsleepatallduringtheday.
24.Dr.TrichopoulosfirmlydeniestheadvantagesoftheMediterraneandietinhisstudybecause
[A]theMediterraneandietdoesmoreharmthangoodtopeople’shealth.
[B]hehasdonesomestudiestorefutethebenefitsofMediterraneandiet.
[C]thebenefitsoftheMediterraneandietarestillwaitingtobeproved.
[D]hehascontrolledsucharelatedviableasdietinhisresearch.
25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Mostofthecelebritiesgainagreatdealfromtakingnaps.
[B]Takingnapsmayreducetheincidenceofheartattacksatwork.
[C]Dr.Trichopoulos’studyofnappingconflictswithhispreviousstudyondiet.
[D]Peopleshouldsacrificenappinginordertobesuccessfulintheircareer.
Text2
AsSamuelGoldwynsowidelyadvised,nevermakepredictions—especiallyaboutthefuture.Buthereisone:
theanalogybetween20thcenturyphysicsand21stcenturybiologywillcontinue,forbothgoodandill.
Physicsgavetwothingstothe20thcentury.Themostobviousgiftwaspowerovernature.Thatpowerwasnotalwaysbenign,astheatomicbombshowed.Physicsalsogavethe20thcenturyamoresubtleboonthanmerepower.Italsobroughtanunderstandingofthevastnessoftheuniverseandhumanity’sinsignificantplaceinit.Butifthe20thcenturywasdistinguishedbyanythingfromitspredecessors,thatdistinctivefeaturewasphysicaltechnology,frommotorcarsandairplanestocomputersandtheinternet.
Itistooearlytobesureifthedistinguishingfeatureofthe21stcenturywillbebiologicaltechnology,butthereisagoodchancethatitwillbe.Simplegeneticengineeringisnowroutine;indeed,thefirstpatentapplicationforanartificiallivingorganismhasrecentlybeenfiled.Boththeideaofsuchanorganismandtheideathatsomeonemightowntherightstoitwouldhavebeensciencefictionevenadecadeago.Anditisnotmerelythatsuchthingsarenowpossible.
Theotherdrivingforceoftechnologicalchange—necessity—isalsothere.Manyofthebigproblemsfacinghumanityarebiological,oraresusceptibletobiologicalintervention.Thequestionofhowtodealwithanagingpopulationisoneexample.Climatechange,too,isintimatelyboundupwithbiologysinceitistheresultofcarbondioxidegoingintotheairfasterthanplantscanremoveit.Andtheriskofanew,lethalinfectionsuddenlybecomingpandemicasaresultofmoderntransportlinksisasbiologicalasitgets.Eventhefactthatsuchaninfectionmightitselfbetheresultofsyntheticbiologyonlyemphasizesthebiologicalnatureoffuturerisks.
Atthemoment,policymakershaveinadequatetechnologicaltoolstodealwiththesequestions.Butitisnothardtoimaginesuchtools.Agingisdirectlybiological.Itprobablycannotbestopped,butknowinghowcellswork—reallyknowing—willallowtheprocesstobetransformedforthebetter.Atleastpartoftheanswertoclimatechangeisfuelthatgrows,ratherthanfuelthatisdugup.Onlybiotechnologycancreatethat.Andinfections,pandemicorotherwise,arebestdealtwithbyvaccines,whichtakealongtimetodevelop.Ifcellsweretrulyunderstood,thatprocessmightspeeduptothepointwherethevaccinewasreadyintimetodosomethinguseful.
26.Theword“benign”(Line2,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans
[A]harmful[B]beneficial
[C]powerful[D]frightening
27.Accordingtotheauthor,whatdistinguishesthe21stcenturyfromthe20th
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